Book - A textbook of histology, including microscopic technic (1910)
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Böhm AA. and M. Von Davidoff. (translated Huber GC.) A textbook of histology, including microscopic technic. (1910) Second Edn. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia and London.
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A Text-Book Of Histology, Including Microscopic Technic
By
A. A. Bohm, M. D., And M. Von Davidoff, M. D.
Of The Anatomical Institute In Munich
Edited, With Extensive Additions To Both Text And Illustrations
By
G. Carl Huber, M.D.
Professor Of Histology And Embryology And Director Of The Histological Laboratory University Of Michigan
Second Edition Thoroughly Revised And Enlarged
With 377 Illustrations
Philadelphia And London
B. Saunders Company
Reprinted September, 1910.
Dedication
To Their Teacher Professor C Von Kupffer This Book Is Dedicated By The Grateful Authors
Editor's Preface To The Second Edition
The favorable reception accorded to the first American edition of Bohm and Davidoff's Text-book of Histology has justified the assumption expressed by the editor in his preface to the former edition, that an English translation of this work would meet with approval from American and English teachers and students*
In the preparation of this second American edition the editor has retained in general the same arrangement of the subject-matter as presented in the former edition. The revision of the text has given opportunity to take cognizance of the many contributions to our knowledge of the ultimate structure of tissues and organs and of their histogenesis which have appeared in recent years, and in doing so, many of the chapters, especially those dealing with general histology, have been subjected to extensive alterations. Recognition has also been given to the results obtained by the use of precise methods of plastic reproduction, methods which have been especially useful in giving clearer and more accurate conceptions of the form and relationship of anatomic structures, too small and too delicate to admit of disassociation by means of methods of maceration and teasing and too complicated to admit of full interpretation by means of sections. Maziarski's observations on the form and relationship of the ultimate divisions of the tubular systems of many of the more important glands have, been embodied, also the results of numerous reconstructions made in the Histological Laboratory of the University of Michigan.
The text of this edition has been extended by some forty pages, and the illustrations have been increased from three hundred and fifty-one to three hundred and seventy-seven. Recognizing the fact that a text-book of Histology is a book which of necessity needs to be constantly used in the laboratory, and its size is, therefore, a matter of some importance, the editor seemed justified, in view of the fact that an increase in the number of text-pages seemed inevitable, to dispense in the present edition with the list of references to the literature (some twenty pages) which appeared in the former edition.
G. Carl Huber.
Laboratory Of Histology And Embryology, University Of Michigan.
Editor's Preface To The First Edition
The " Text -book of Histology " by Bohm and v. Davidoff, as stated Ay the authors in the preface to the first edition, presents as fully as possible, from both the theoretic and technical standpoints, the subjectmatter of the lectures and courses in histology given to students in the University of Munich. The authors further state that in the completion of their work they had the constant aid and advice of Professor von Kupffer, and had at their disposal the sections in the collection of the histologic laboratory in Munich, which were freely used in the selection and preparation of the illustrations accompanying the text.
The excellence of the text and illustrations of the German edition, attested by all familiar with the work, and the cordial reception which it has received from both students and investigators, justify the belief that an English translation will meet with approval from American and English teachers and students.
In the preparation of this American edition the editor has retained substantially all the subject-matter and illustrations of the second German edition, although certain minor changes in the arrangement of the text seemed desirable. Additions to the German text have been freely made. The sections on the Motor and Sensory Nerve-endings and on the Spinal and Sympathetic Ganglia have been greatly expanded, and the Innervation of Glands and Organs has been considered much more fully than in the original. Our knowledge of the normal function of tissues and organs is so dependent on a correct understanding of their innervation that this subject seemed deserving of fuller consideration than is generally given it in text-books of this scope. The glands with internal secretion have also been considered more fully than in the original text, their importance necessitating such treatment. More than one hundred illustrations, the majority of them from original drawings, have also been added. In making these and other minor additions the editor has striven to stamp his own work with the excellent features of the German text, and trusts that his endeavors may have added to the usefulness of the book.
The editor acknowledges with pleasure -his indebtedness to Dr. Herbert H. Gushing for his excellent and accurate translation, and for suggestions received from him. The publishers, Messrs. Saunders & Company, have shown throughout the greatest interest in the work, and deserve the gratitude of the editor for their ready acquiescence in all suggestions made by him, for the excellent reproduction of his drawings, and for the suggestions made to him. The editor is particularly indebted to his able assistant, Dr. Lydia M. De Witt, for valuable assistance rendered, more especially in the tedious work of proof-correction, for which he expresses his sincere appreciation and gratitude.
G. Carl Huber.
University Of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Contents
Introduction To Microscopic Technic
Introduction To Microscopic Technic
- Microscope and Its Accessories
- Microscopic Preparations
- Methods of Maceration
- Fixing Methods
- Infiltration and Imbedding
- Paraffin
- Celloidin
- Celloidin-Paraffin
- Microtomes and Sectioning
- Further Treatment of the Section
- Fixation to the Slide and Removal of Paraffin
- Staining
- Section Staining
- Staining in Bulk
- Methods of Impregnation
- Preparation of Permanent Specimens
- Methods of Injection
- Reconstruction by Means of Wax Plates
General Histology
I. The Cell
- Cell-body
- Nucleus
- Nuclear and Cell-division
- Mitosis or Karyokinesis (Indirect Cell-division)
- Prophases
- Metaphases
- Anaphases
- Telophases
- Heterotypic Form of Mitosis
- Amitosis
- Process of Fertilization
- Chromatolysis
- Technic for the Cell
Tissues
- Epithelial Tissues 80
- Simple Epithelium . . . 82
- Simple Squamous Epithelium 82
- Simple Cubic Epithelium 82
- Simple Columnar Epithelium 83
- Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 83
- Stratified Epithelium . . . . 83
- Stratified Squamous Epithelium 84
- Transitional Epithelium 85
- Stratified Columnar Epithelium 85
- Glandular Epithelium
- Unicellular Glands 87
- Multicellular Glands 88
- General Consideration of the Structure and Classification of Glands ... 88
- Tubular Glands 89
- Alveolar Glands 91
- Remarks on the Process of Secretion 92
- Neuro-epithelium 92
- Mesothelium and Endothelium 92
- Technic for Epithelial Tissues 94
- Connective Tissues 96
- Mucous Connective Tissue 100
- Reticular Connective Tissue loo
- Fibrous Connective Tissue 101
- Adipose Tissue 107
- Cartilage 108
- Bone 112
- Structure of Bone 112
- Development of Bone 116
- Technic for Connective Tissues 126
- Muscular Tissues 134
- Nonstriated Muscle-cells 134
- Striped Muscle-fibers 136
- Development of Voluntary Muscle-fibers 144
Cardiac Muscle '. 145
Technic for Muscular Tissue 147
Nervous Tissues 148
Nerve-cells or Ganglion Cells ; Cell-bodies of Neurones 149
Nerve-fibers 157
Peripheral Nerve Terminations 162
Technic for Nervous Tissues 180
Special Histology
I. Blood And Blood-Forming Organs, Heart, Blood-Vessels, And Lymph- Vessels.
Blood and Lymph 1 86
Formation of Blood 186
Red Blood-corpuscles 187
White Blood-corpuscles 191
Blood Platelets Thrombocytes ' 194
Behavior of Blood-cells in the Blood Current 196
Lymphoid Tissue, Lymph-nodules, and Lymph-glands 196
Spleen . . 202
Bone-marrow 207
Thymus Gland 2IO
Vascular System 213
Heart 213
Blood-vessels 216
Arteries ... 216
Veins 219
Capillaries 220
Anastomoses, Retia Mirabilia, and Sinuses 222
Lymphatic System 223
Lymph-vessels 223
Lymph-capillaries, Lymph-spaces, and Serous Cavities 224
Carotid Gland (Glandula Carotica, Glomus Caroticum) . . 225
Technic for Blood and Blood-forming Organs 226
Technic for Circulatory System 235
Oral Cavity 235
Teeth 238
Structure of the Adult Tooth 238
Development of the Teeth 243
Tongue 247
Lingual Mucous Membrane and Its Papillae 247
Taste-buds 249
Lymph-follicles of the Tongue (Folliculi Linguales) and the Tonsils ... 251
Pharyngeal Tonsil 251
Glands of the Oral Cavity 253
Salivary Glands 255
Parotid Gland (Serous Gland) 255
Sublingual Gland (Mucous Gland) 255
Submaxillary Gland (Mixed Gland) 4 258
Small Glands of the Mouth 259
Pharynx and Esophagus 262
Stomach and Intestines 264
General Structure of the Intestinal Mucous Membrane 264
Stomach 266
Small Intestine 274
Large Intestine, Rectum, and Anus . . . 281
Blood, Lymph, and Nerve Supply of the Intestine 283
Secretion of the Intestine and the Absorption of Fat 288
Liver .... 289
Pancreas 298
Technic for Digestive Organs 303
Larynx 309
Trachea 310
Bronchi, their Branches, and the Bronchioles 311
Terminal Divisions of Bronchi and Ultimate Air-spaces 313
Thyroid Gland 319
Parathyroid Glands 321
Technic for Organs of Respiration 322
Urinary Organs 323
Kidney 323
Pelvis of the Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder 336
Suprarenal Glands 339
Technic for Urinary Organs and Suprarenal Body 342
Female Genital Organs 344
Ovum 344
Ovary 344
Fallopian Tubes, Uterus, and Vagina 354
Male Genital Organs 361
Spermatozoon 361
Testes 362
Excretory Ducts 367
Spermatogenesis 372
Technic for Reproductive Organs 378
VI. The Skin and its Appendages.
Skin (Cutis) 379
Hair 389
Nails 394
Glands of the Skin 396
Sweat-glands 396
Sebaceous Glands 398
Mammary Glands . 400
Technic for the Skin and Its Appendages 403
VII. The Central Nervous System.
Spinal Cord 406
Cerebellar Cortex 413
Cerebral Cortex . . 416
Olfactory Bulb 421
Epiphysis and Hypophysis 422
Ganglia 424
General Survey of the Relations of the Neurones to One Another in the Central
Nervous System 431
Neuroglia 434
Membranes of the Central Nervous System 436
Blood-vessels of the Central Nervous System 439
Technic for Central Nervous System 440
General Structure 446
Development of the Eye 446
Tunica Fibrosa Oculi 448
Sclera 448
Cornea ... 449
Vascular Tunic of the Eye . 452
Choroid, Ciliary Body, and Iris 452
Internal or Nervous Tunic of the Eye 457
Pigment Layer 457
Retina .... 457
Region of the Optic Papilla 460
Region of the Macula Lutea 460
Ora Serrata, Pars Ciliaris Retinas, and Pars Iridica Retinae 461
Miiller's Fibers of the Retina 462
Relations of the Elements of the Retina to One Another 462
Optic Nerve 464
Blood-vessels of the Optic Nerve and Retina 465
Vitreous Body 467
Crystalline Lens 467
Fetal Blood-vessels of the Eye 468
Interchange of Fluids in the Eyeball 469
Protective Organs of the Eye 469
Lids and Conjunctiva 469
Lacrimal Apparatus 473
Technic for the Eye 474
External Ear 476
Middle Ear 478
Internal Ear 480
Utriculus and Sacculus 482
Semicircular Canals 483
Cochlea . 484
Organ of Corti . 489
Development of the Labyrinth 496
Technic for Organ of Hearing
Technic for Nasal Mucous Membrane
