Book - A Text-book of Embryology
A TEXT-BOOK
OF
EMBRYOLOGY
FOR STUDENTS OF MEDICINE
BY
John Clement Heisler, M.D.
(1907)
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Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
Preface to the Third Edition
The great activity along the lines of embrvological research during the past half-dozen years has brought forth much literature and some new facts. In some cases existing views have thereby been modified or set aside; in others, they have been more firmly established. In presenting the third edition of this book the effort has been made so to revise the text as to harmonize it with the results of recent researches. To this end, certain of the sections have been practically rewritten, while others have been slightly altered, and still others have been merely somewhat amplified. Where changes have been made the authorities therefor have usually been cited. The revised portions of the book include the sections dealing with the ovum, the spermatozoon, the blastodermic vesicle, the amnion, the vascular system, the pancreas, the spleen, the larynx, the thymus, the thyroid, the parathyroid, the adrenal, the kidney, the spinal cord, the vitreous, the musculature, and the vertebral column.
J. C. H.
3829 Walnut St., Philadelphia, March, 1907.
Preface
The facts of embryology having acquired in recent years such great interest in connection with the teaching and with the proper comprehension of human anatomy, it is of first importance to the student of medicine that a concise and yet sufficiently full text-book upon the subject be available. It was with the aim of presenting such a book that this volume was written, the author, in his experience as a teacher of anatomy, having been impressed with the fact that students were seriously handicapj>ed in their study of the subject of embryology by the lack of a text-book full enough to be intelligible, and yet without that minuteness of detail which characterizes the larger treatises, and which so often serves only to confuse and discourage the beginner.
In the arrangement of the subject-matter of the book, it has been the aim not only to present a connected story of human development, but also to make each chapter as nearly as possible complete in itself, for the sake of convenience of reference. It is for this reason that some repetitions occur in the text. The frequent allusions to certain facts of comparative embryology are rendered necessary by the very nature of the subject, but it has been the writer's aim to make these allusions as simple and as easily intelligible as possible.
In the selection of the illustrations, great care has been exercised to employ those of the greatest teaching value, and to arrange them, with reference to any one chapter, as nearly as possible in proper chronological sequence. Due acknowledgement is made in each case for every illustration borrowed from other works.
With few exceptions, no attempt has been made to cite authorities in the text, and the author would here express his obligations to the writings of His, O. Hertwig, Kolliker, Schultze, Bonnet, Balfour, Marshall, Piersol, Minot, Tourneux, and many others.
J. C. H.
3829 Walnut St., Philadelphia,
Contents
- CHAPTER I. The Male and Female Sexual Elements ; Maturation ; Ovulation; Menstruation; Fertilization
- The Spermatozoon
- The Ovum
- The Hen's egg
- Oogenesis
- Maturation of the Ovum
- Ovulation
- Menstruation
- The Relation of Menstruation to Ovulation and Conception
- Fertilization
- Artificial Fertilization
- CHAPTER II The Segmentation of the Ovum and Formation of the Blastodermic Vesicle
- Segmentation
- The Stage of the Blastula
- CHAPTER III. The Germ-layers and the Primitive Streak
- The Two-layered Stage of the Blastodermic Vesicle
- The Embryonal Area
- The Primitive Streak
- The Development of the Mesoderm
- The Derivatives of the Germ-lavers
- CHAPTER IV. The Beginning Differentiation of the Embryo; the Neural Canal ; The Chorda Dorsalis ; the Mesoblastic Somites
- The Neural or Medullary Canal
- The Notoohord or Chorda Dorsalis
- The Neurenteric Canal
- The Somites or Primitive Segments
- CHAPTER V. The Formation of the Body-wall, of the Intestinal Canal, and of the Fetal Membranes
- The Formation op the Body-wall and of the Intestinal Canal op the Embryo
- The Amnion
- The Yolk-sac
- The Allantois
- The Chorion
- CHAPTER VI. The Decidual and the Embedding of the Ovum; the Placenta; the Umbilical Cord
- The Decidua and the Embedding of the Ovum
- The Placenta
- The Umbilical Cord
- Relations of the Fetal Membranes at Birth
- CHAPTER VII. The Further Development of the External Form of the Body
- The Stage of the Ovum
- The Stage of the Embryo
- The Visceral Arches and Clefts
- The Stage of the Fetus
- CHAPTER VIII. The Development of the Connective Tissues of the Body, and of the Lymphatic System
- The Connective Tissues
- The Development of the Lymphatic System
- CHAPTER IX. The Development of the Face and the Mouth Cavity
- The Evolution of the Face
- The Mouth
- The Teeth
- The Salivary Glands
- The Tongue
- The Nose
- CHAPTER X. The Development of the Vascular System
- The Vitelline Circulation and the Origin of the Blood
- The Development of the Heart
- The Metamorphosis of the Single into the Double Heart
- The Valves of the Heart
- The Allantok- and the Placental Circulation
- The Fetal Arterial System
- The Fetal Venous System
- The Formation of the Pericardium, the Pleura and the Diaphragm
- The Portal Circulation
- The Final Stage of the Fetal Vascular System
- CHAPTER XI. The Development of the Digestive System
- The Mouth
- The Pharynx
- The Tongue
- The Tonsil
- The Anus
- The Differentiation of the Alimentary Canal into Separate Regions
- Increase in Length and Further Subdivision
- Alteration in the Relative Position of Parts, and Further Development
- Histological Alterations
- Meckel's Diverticulum
- The Development of the Liver
- The Gall-bladder
- The Ligaments of the Liver
- The Development of the Pancreas
- The Development of the Spleen
- The Evoution of the Peritoneum
- CHAPTER XII. The Development of the Respiratory System
The Thyroid, the Parathyroid, and the Thymus Bodies
- CHAPTER XIII. The Development of the Genito-urinary System
The Development of the Kidney and the Ureter
The Mesonepliros or Wolffian Body
The Metanephros or Permanent Kidney
The Suprarenal Bodies
The Development of the Internal Generative Organs
The Indifferent Type
The Male Type
The Female Type
The Bladder and the Prostate Gland
The External Organs of (t feneration
The Female External Genitals
The Male External Genitals
Summary
- CHAPTER XIV. The Development of the Skin and its Appendages
The Skin 2G8
The Appendages of the Skin 270
The Nails 270
The Hair 271
The Sebaceous and Sweat Glands 273
The Mammary Gland 274
- CHAPTER XV. The Development of the Nervous System
The Development of the Spinal Cord 281
The Development of the Brain 286
The Fifth Brain-vesicle
The Hind-brain Vesicle
The Mid-brain Vesicle
The Inter-brain Vesicle
The Fore-brain Vesicle
The Development of the Peripheral Nervous System
The Development of the Sympathetic System
The Carotid Body, the Coccygeal Body, and the Organs of Zuckeikandl
- CHAPTER XVI. The Development of the Sense Organs
The Deveix)pment of the Eye
The Retina and Optic Nerve
The Crystalline Iens
The Vitreous Body
The Middle and Outer Tunics of the Eye
The Eyelids and the Lacrimal Apparatus
The Development of the Organ of Hearing
The Internal Ear
The Middle and External Ear
The Development of the Nope
- CHAPTER XVII. The Development of the Muscular System
The Striated or Voluntary Muscle 363
The Muscles of the Trunk Proper 363
The Metamorphosis of the Muscle-plate 366
The Branchial Muscles 369
The Muscles of the Extremities 370
The Involuntary or Unstriated Muscular Tissue .... 371
The Cardiac Muscle 371
The Development of the Skeleton and of the Limbs .... 372
The Axial Skeleton 373
The Development of the Trunk 373
The Stage of the Chorda 373
The Membranous Stage 374
The Cartilaginous Stage 377
The Osseous Stage 379
The Development of the Ribs and Steraum 382
The Development of the Head Skeleton 384
The Membranous Cranium liSo
The Cartilaginous Cranium 38()
The Osseoufi Stage 389
The Appendicular Skeleton 402
The Pectoral and Pelvic (iirdles 403
The Bones of the Extremities
The Development of the Limbs
The Position of the Limbs
Tabulated Chronology of Development
Inde
Heisler JC. A text-book of embryology for students of medicine. 3rd Edn. (1907) W.B. Saunders Co. London.
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages |
---|
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
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