Bilaminar embryo: Difference between revisions

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Embryology - 19 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate
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Introduction

The "two layered" embryo, used to describe the inner cell mass differentiating to form an initial two layered structure (epiblast and hypoblast). In human development, this occurs during the second week (GA week 4). The epiblast layer will then form the majority of the embryo.

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Some Recent Findings

Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues^[1] "Remodelling of the human embryo at implantation is indispensable for successful pregnancy. Yet it has remained mysterious because of the experimental hurdles that beset the study of this developmental phase. Here, we establish an in vitro system to culture human embryos through implantation stages in the absence of maternal tissues and reveal the key events of early human morphogenesis. These include segregation of the pluripotent embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages, and morphogenetic rearrangements leading to generation of a bilaminar disc, formation of a pro-amniotic cavity within the embryonic lineage, appearance of the prospective yolk sac, and trophoblast differentiation. Using human embryos and human pluripotent stem cells, we show that the reorganization of the embryonic lineage is mediated by cellular polarization leading to cavity formation. Together, our results indicate that the critical remodelling events at this stage of human development are embryo-autonomous, highlighting the remarkable and unanticipated self-organizing properties of human embryos."

More recent papers
This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link. This search now requires a manual link as the original PubMed extension has been disabled. The displayed list of references do not reflect any editorial selection of material based on content or relevance. References also appear on this list based upon the date of the actual page viewing. References listed on the rest of the content page and the associated discussion page (listed under the publication year sub-headings) do include some editorial selection based upon both relevance and availability. More? References \| Discussion Page \| Journal Searches \| 2019 References \| 2020 References Search term: Bilaminar Embryo <pubmed limit=5>Bilaminar embryo</pubmed> Search term: Epiblast <pubmed limit=5>Epiblast</pubmed> Search term: Hypoblast <pubmed limit=5>Hypoblast</pubmed>

References

↑ <pubmed>PMID27144686</pubmed>

Reviews

Articles

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June 2010 "bilaminar embryo" All (67) Review (5) Free Full Text (11)

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 19) Embryology Bilaminar embryo. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Bilaminar_embryo

What Links Here?

[PMID27144686-1] <pubmed>PMID27144686</pubmed>

[1]

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 == Some Recent Findings ==
-[[File:Stage22_mesonephros.jpg|thumb|Male urogenital development (stage 22)]]
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-* '''Expression analysis identifies cascades of activation and repression and maps a putative regulator of mammalian sex determination'''<ref name=PMID23874228 ><pubmed>23874228 </pubmed></ref> "In vertebrates, primary sex determination refers to the decision within a bipotential organ precursor to differentiate as a testis or ovary. Bifurcation of organ fate begins between embryonic day (E) 11.0-E12.0 in mice and likely involves a dynamic transcription network that is poorly understood. ...We provide strong evidence that Lmo4 (Lim-domain only 4) is a novel regulator of sex determination upstream of SF1 (Nr5a1), Sox9, Fgf9, and Col9a3. This approach can be readily applied to identify regulatory interactions in other systems."
+* '''Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues'''<ref name=PMID27144686><pubmed>PMID27144686</pubmed></ref> "Remodelling of the human embryo at implantation is indispensable for successful pregnancy. Yet it has remained mysterious because of the experimental hurdles that beset the study of this developmental phase. Here, we establish an in vitro system to culture human embryos through implantation stages in the absence of maternal tissues and reveal the key events of early human morphogenesis. These include segregation of the pluripotent embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages, and morphogenetic rearrangements leading to generation of a bilaminar disc, formation of a pro-amniotic cavity within the embryonic lineage, appearance of the prospective yolk sac, and trophoblast differentiation. Using human embryos and human pluripotent stem cells, we show that the reorganization of the embryonic lineage is mediated by cellular polarization leading to cavity formation. Together, our results indicate that the critical remodelling events at this stage of human development are embryo-autonomous, highlighting the remarkable and unanticipated self-organizing properties of human embryos."
-* '''Male reproductive tract abnormalities: More common after assisted reproduction?'''<ref><pubmed>20674196</pubmed></ref> "IVF and ICSI, by increasing the risks of prematurity, low birthweight, and multiple gestation, are indirect risk factors for developing male genital malformations. In infants with normal birhtweight or from singleton pregnancies, ICSI is a specific risk factor for hypospadias."
-* '''Temporal and spatial dissection of Shh signaling in genital tubercle development.'''<ref><pubmed>19906863</pubmed></ref> "Genital tubercle (GT) initiation and outgrowth involve coordinated morphogenesis of surface ectoderm, cloacal mesoderm and hindgut endoderm. GT development appears to mirror that of the limb. Although Shh is essential for the development of both appendages, its role in GT development is much less clear than in the limb. Here, by removing Shh at different stages during GT development in mice, we demonstrate a continuous requirement for Shh in GT initiation and subsequent androgen-independent GT growth."
-* '''Bmp7 expression and null phenotype in the urogenital system suggest a role in re-organization of the urethral epithelium.''' <ref><pubmed>19159697</pubmed></ref> "Signaling by Bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps) has multiple and diverse roles in patterning and morphogenesis of the kidney, eye, limbs and the neural tube. ...Together, our analysis of Bmp7 expression and the null phenotype, indicates that Bmp7 may play an important role in re-organization of the epithelium during cloacal septation and morphogenesis of the genital tubercle."
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