BGDB Face and Ear - Postnatal: Difference between revisions

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Skull CT Vertex, later and basal views.<ref name="PMID21431034"><pubmed>21431034</pubmed>| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3056371 PMC3056371] | [http://www.ijri.org/article.asp?issn=0971-3026;year=2011;volume=21;issue=1;spage=49;epage=56;aulast=Khanna Indian J Radiol Imaging.]</ref>
Skull CT Vertex, later and basal views.<ref name="PMID21431034"><pubmed>21431034</pubmed>| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3056371 PMC3056371] | [http://www.ijri.org/article.asp?issn=0971-3026;year=2011;volume=21;issue=1;spage=49;epage=56;aulast=Khanna Indian J Radiol Imaging.]</ref>
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* rapid brain growth in the early years of life (growth of the neurocranium stopping at about 7 years of age).
* fontanels usually close by the second year of life
** posterior fontanel by about 3 months.
** anterior fontanel by about 20 months.
* Complete sutural fusion occurs after the third decade of life.
'''Sutures and Fontanels'''
'''Sutures and Fontanels'''


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* '''i''' - mastoid fontanel
* '''i''' - mastoid fontanel
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* rapid brain growth in the early years of life (growth of the neurocranium stopping at about 7 years of age).
* fontanels usually close by the second year of life
** posterior fontanel by about 3 months.
** anterior fontanel by about 20 months.
* Complete sutural fusion occurs after the third decade of life.


==Postnatal Ear==
==Postnatal Ear==

Revision as of 15:46, 13 May 2012

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Practical 6: Trilaminar Embryo | Early Embryo | Late Embryo | Fetal | Postnatal | Abnormalities


Postnatal Skull

Skull CT normal sutures.jpg

Skull CT Vertex, later and basal views.[1]

  • rapid brain growth in the early years of life (growth of the neurocranium stopping at about 7 years of age).
  • fontanels usually close by the second year of life
    • posterior fontanel by about 3 months.
    • anterior fontanel by about 20 months.
  • Complete sutural fusion occurs after the third decade of life.

Sutures and Fontanels

  • a - Metopic suture
  • b - coronal sutures
  • c - sagittal suture
  • d - lambdoid suture
  • e - squamosal suture
  • f - anterior fontanel
  • g - posterior fontanel
  • h - sphenoidal fontanel
  • i - mastoid fontanel

Postnatal Ear

First, look through the adult ear structures and identify their developmental origins.

Adult hearing embryonic origins.jpg

Eustacian tube angle.jpg

Auditory Tube (Eustachian, otopharyngeal or pharyngotympanic tube)

Connects middle ear cavity to nasopharynx portion of pharynx. Tube is normally closed and opened by muscles.

  1. Ventilation - pressure equalization in the middle ear
  2. Clearance - allow fluid drainage from the middle ear

Newborn to adult auditory tube

Birth

  • shorter (17-18 mm), narrower and runs almost horizontal
  • Tube is opened by a single muscle, tensor palati muscle

Adult

  • longer (twice as long), wider and runs at approximately 45 degrees to the horizontal.
  • Tube is opened by two separate muscles, tensor palati and levator palati

Hearing Testing

Newborn hearing test

Abnormalities in neonatal hearing can impact upon development of the nervous system and developmental learning milestones, early detection is therefore key.

The incidence of significant permanent hearing loss is approximately 1-3/1000 newborns. Neonatal hearing screening is carried out in several countries including the USA, UK and in Australia. In NSW the Statewide Infant Screening Hearing Program (SWISH) was introduced in 2002.

There is also a general guide giving a timetable for a number of simple responses that a neonate should make if hearing has developed normally (More? Neonatal Hearing Check List).

The two major forms of hearing loss are conductive and sensorineural.

State Wide Infant Screening Hearing Program (SWISH) a newborn hearing testing program using an automated auditory response technology (AABR). Program was introduced in NSW Australia in 2002 across 17 area health service coordinators. It is thought that in NSW 86,000 births/year = 86-172 babies potentially born with significant permanent hearing loss.

Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) uses a stimulus which is delivered through earphones and detected by scalp electrodes. The test takes between 8 to 20 minutes and has a sensitivity 96-99%.


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Practical 6: Trilaminar Embryo | Early Embryo | Late Embryo | Fetal | Postnatal | Abnormalities



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BGDB: Lecture - Gastrointestinal System | Practical - Gastrointestinal System | Lecture - Face and Ear | Practical - Face and Ear | Lecture - Endocrine | Lecture - Sexual Differentiation | Practical - Sexual Differentiation | Tutorial


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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 18) Embryology BGDB Face and Ear - Postnatal. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/BGDB_Face_and_Ear_-_Postnatal

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
  1. ↑ <pubmed>21431034</pubmed>| PMC3056371 | Indian J Radiol Imaging.
Retrieved from ‘https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=BGDB_Face_and_Ear_-_Postnatal&oldid=92093’
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