BGDB Face and Ear - Fetal: Difference between revisions

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| [[File:Fetal head medial.jpg|400px]]
| [[File:Fetal head medial.jpg|400px]]
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| In this lateral (external) view, note the distribution of new bone formation by intramembranous ossification in the plates of the cranial vault, temporal bone, orbit, upper jaw (maxilla) and lower jaw (mandible) regions. (More? Skull | Face) Bony regions in the lower jaw (mandible) region also show spaces where tooth formation is occuring.
| In this lateral (external) view, note the distribution of new bone formation by intramembranous ossification in the plates of the cranial vault, temporal bone, orbit, upper jaw (maxilla) and lower jaw (mandible) regions. Bony regions in the lower jaw (mandible) region also show spaces where tooth formation is occuring.
| In this medial (internal) view, note the distribution of cartilage from the nasal region through the base of the skull showing endochondral ossification, also occuring in the atlas/axis (with new bone forming). See also the original Meckel's cartilage within the newly forming bony mandible.
| In this medial (internal) view, note the distribution of cartilage from the nasal region through the base of the skull showing endochondral ossification, also occuring in the atlas/axis (with new bone forming). See also the original Meckel's cartilage within the newly forming bony mandible.
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Revision as of 17:01, 13 May 2012

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Practical 6: Trilaminar Embryo | Early Embryo | Late Embryo | Fetal | Postnatal | Abnormalities



Fetal Growth

<Flowplayer height="320" width="285" autoplay="true">fetal growth.flv</Flowplayer>
Quicktime | Flash

In this cartoon movie of fetal growth, observe the changing relative sizes of the head and body.


Then consider fetal skeletal changes occurring within the head associated with ossification processes and palate development.


Finally consider fetal changes that are occurring in auditory pathway.

Fetal Head Growth

Fetal head growth circumference graph01.jpg

Head Circumference Growth (both gestational and post-fertilisation ages are shown)

Skull Ossification

Fetal Skull

These are 2 views of the same 12 week 92 mm CRL human fetus head, double stained to show both cartilage (blue) and newly-formed bone (red). The head undergoes two different forms of ossification (endochondral and intramembranous) in separate regions of the skull.

Fetal head lateral.jpg Fetal head medial.jpg
In this lateral (external) view, note the distribution of new bone formation by intramembranous ossification in the plates of the cranial vault, temporal bone, orbit, upper jaw (maxilla) and lower jaw (mandible) regions. Bony regions in the lower jaw (mandible) region also show spaces where tooth formation is occuring. In this medial (internal) view, note the distribution of cartilage from the nasal region through the base of the skull showing endochondral ossification, also occuring in the atlas/axis (with new bone forming). See also the original Meckel's cartilage within the newly forming bony mandible.

Mandible Ossification

Ossification centre.jpg Intramembranous ossification centre.jpg

Face

The cartilage template of the mandible and the base of the skull are replaced by early bone development.

Fetal head section.jpg Fetal head section 01.jpg

Selected midline medial head view showing key features of head musculoskeletal and neurological development.

Note extensive nasal cartilage, nasal conchae, pituitary, secondary palate, oral cavity, tongue, mandible, hyoid, choana, oropharynx.

Also note the developing tongue musculature and its mandibular attachment site.


Note that the cranial vault, the portion of the skull enclosing the brain, ossifies by a unique bone formation process, intramembranous ossification.

Because the head contains many different structures also review notes on Special Senses (eye, ear, nose), Respiration (pharynx), Integumentary (Teeth), Endocrine (thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary) and Musculoskeletal (tongue, skull).

Palate Development

Bailey140.jpg Palate 001 icon.jpg Palate 002 icon.jpg
Embryonic Palate (week 7) Quicktime | Flash Quicktime | Flash

Palate Overview

  • week 4 - pharyngeal arch formation, first pharngeal arch contributes mandible and maxilla.
  • week 6 - 7 - primary palate formation maxillary processes and frontonasal prominence.
  • week 9 - secondary palate shelves fuse, separating oral and nasal cavities.

Hearing

  • Week 9 - Mesenchyme surrounding membranous labryinth (otic capsule) chondrifies. (More? Human 10 Week Fetus)
  • Week 12-16 - Capsule adjacent to membranous labryinth undegoes vacuolization to form a cavity (perilymphatic space) around membranous labrynth and fills with perilymph.
  • Week 16-24 - Centres of ossification appear in remaining cartilage of otic capsule form petrous portion of temporal bone. Continues to ossify to form mastoid process of temporal bone.
  • 3rd Trimester - Vibration acoustically of maternal abdominal wall induces startle response in fetus.

Central Pathway

Auditory neural pathway
  • 26 weeks - human brainstem auditory pathway is anatomically formed.
  • 28 weeks - AABR can be recorded.

less than 34 weeks - latencies of AABR components (I, III, and V) decrease as a function of gestation


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Practical 6: Trilaminar Embryo | Early Embryo | Late Embryo | Fetal | Postnatal | Abnormalities





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BGDB: Lecture - Gastrointestinal System | Practical - Gastrointestinal System | Lecture - Face and Ear | Practical - Face and Ear | Lecture - Endocrine | Lecture - Sexual Differentiation | Practical - Sexual Differentiation | Tutorial


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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology BGDB Face and Ear - Fetal. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/BGDB_Face_and_Ear_-_Fetal

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G