BGDA Practical Placenta - Placental Functions

From Embryology
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Practical 14: Implantation and Early Placentation | Villi Development | Maternal Decidua | Cord Development | Placental Functions | Diagnostic Techniques | Abnormalities


Term Placenta

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Exchange

Placenta oxygen exchange levels.jpg Placenta spiral artery conversion.jpg
  • oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
  • water, glucose, vitamins
  • electrolytes
  • waste products
    • urea, uric acid, bilirubin.
  • hormones
    • mainly steroid, protein hormones poorly transported.
    • maternal thyroid hormone can slowly cross.
    • fetal insulin can impact on maternal diabetes.
  • maternal antibodies
    • maternal IgG antibodies are transferred from about week 13 (GA) across the placenta
    • from the maternal lacunae syncytiotrophoblast cell endosomes bind IgG through neonatal Fc receptors.
  • drugs and their metabolites (fetal drug addiction)
  • infectious agents (cytomegalovirus, rubella, measles, microorganisms)

Endocrine

Protein and steroid hormones.

  • Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) - like leutenizing hormone, supports corpus luteum in ovary, pregnant state rather than menstrual, maternal urine in some pregnancy testing
  • Human chorionic somatommotropin (hCS) - or placental lactogen stimulate (maternal) mammary development
    • rise through pregnancy, stimulates maternal metabolic processes, breast growth
  • Human chorionic thyrotropin (hCT)
  • Human chorionic corticotropin (hCACTH)
  • Relaxin
  • Steroid Hormones - progesterone (maintains pregnancy), estrogens (fetal adrenal/placenta)

Placental Metabolism

Synthesises - glycogen, cholesterol, fatty acids

  • provides nutrient and energy

Terms

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology BGDA Practical Placenta - Placental Functions. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/BGDA_Practical_Placenta_-_Placental_Functions

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G