Axolotl Development

From Embryology
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Introduction

Adult Axolotl

Axolotls are the larval form of the Mexican Salamander amphibian and are an animal model used in limb regeneration studies. Axolotls take about 12 months to reach sexual maturity, males release spermatophore into the water and the female may take them up, eventually laying around 200-600 eggs on plants. Egg development takes two weeks, the tadpole-like young remain attached to the plants for a further two weeks. The sequence of axolotl embryonic developmental stages was characterised in the late 1980's.[1]

Some Recent Findings

  • Multiple sequences and factors are involved in stability/degradation of Awnt-1, Awnt-5A and Awnt-5B mRNAs during axolotl development.[2] "Following fertilization in amphibian, early cleavage stages are maternally controlled at a post-transcriptional level before initiation of zygotic transcriptions at the mid blastula transition (MBT). ...Altogether, these results show that oocyte maturation and late cleavages following MBT are two important periods when axolotl Wnt RNAs are highly regulated."
  • The axolotl limb: a model for bone development, regeneration and fracture healing.[3] "Among vertebrates, urodele amphibians (e.g., axolotls) have the unique ability to perfectly regenerate complex body parts after amputation."
  • Expression of heat-shock protein 70 during limb development and regeneration in the axolotl.[4] "Using molecular biology and biochemical techniques, we have characterized both the spatiotemporal and quantitative expression patterns of Hsp-70 in axolotl development and regeneration. Our results show that Hsp-70 is expressed and regulated during axolotl development as in other vertebrates. Our data also demonstrate an up-regulation of the RNA transcript for Hsp-70 during limb regeneration as early as 24 hr after amputation that is maintained up to early differentiation. We also demonstrate a similar pattern of expression for the protein during regeneration. Finally, we show that axolotl Hsp-70 is induced threefold after heat-shock as observed in other vertebrates."

Developmental Stages

The following stage information is based upon.[5]

Thyroid Hormone Effects

Axolotl - thyroxine effects.jpg
The effect of thyroxine on the early larval development of the axolotl. The same control and 30 nM T4-treated (TH) sibling animals were photographed at the days postfertilization noted. T4 was added from day 14. (Bar = 1 cm.)[6]

References

  1. Bordzilovskaya NP, Dettlaf TA, Duhan ST, Malacinski GM: Developmental-stage series of axolotl embryos. In Developmental Biology of the Axolotl. Edited by: Armstrong JB, Malacinski GM. New York: Oxford University Press; 1989:201-219.
  2. <pubmed>20151991</pubmed>
  3. <pubmed>16920050</pubmed>
  4. <pubmed>15965983</pubmed>
  5. Bordzilovskaya, Dettlaff, Duhon, Malacinski, Developmental-Stage Series of Axolotl Embryos. In: Armstrong, J.B. & Malacinski, G.M.: Developmental Biology of the Axolotl, Oxford University Press (1989).
  6. <pubmed>9371791</pubmed>| PubMed Central | PNAS

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Axolotl Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Axolotl_Development

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