Abnormal Development - Zoonotic Infection

Introduction

Malaria (plasmodium falciparum)

A zoonotic infection (zoonosis) is an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans. This can be through contact with animals (pets, farm animals, wildlife) or their products (milk, meat, waste).

Links: Abnormal Development - Toxoplasmosis | Q Fever

Some Recent Findings

USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2012"As of September 11, 2012, 48 states have reported West Nile virus infections in people, birds, or mosquitoes. A total of 2,636 cases of West Nile virus disease in people, including 118 deaths, have been reported to CDC. Of these, 1,405 (53%) were classified as neuroinvasive disease (such as meningitis or encephalitis) and 1,231 (47%) were classified as non-neuroinvasive disease." Risk of human infection with Giardia duodenalis from cats in Japan and genotyping of the isolates to assess the route of infection in cats "The number of facilities in which customers make contact with cats before eating and drinking, called 'cat cafés', has recently increased in Tokyo, Japan. In a survey to clarify the possibility of zoonotic transmission in Giardia duodenalis, the infection rates of G. duodenalis in 321 stool samples of cats from 16 cat cafés, 31 pet shops, and the Animal Care and Consultation Center of Tokyo were 19·1% (22/115), 1·2% (1/85), and 2·5% (3/121), respectively. In the molecular analysis of 26 G. duodenalis isolates, 6 samples from 2 cat cafés belonged to the zoonotic genotype assemblage A I, and 20 other samples were of assemblage F. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) genes of the 20 assemblage F isolates revealed 2 major lineages. The 6 assemblage A isolates belonged to the same cluster with regard to the GDH gene; however, 2 of the 6 isolates belonged to a different cluster from the other 4 isolates with regard to the TPI gene. Therefore, a risk of transmission from cats to humans is suggested because of the detection of zoonotic Giardia genotypes in cat cafés." The potential for zoonotic transmission of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. from beef and dairy cattle in Ontario, Canada "The results of this study indicate that although Giardia and Cryptosporidium were identified in a higher overall percentage of the pooled beef cattle manure samples than in dairy cattle, firmly established zoonotic genotypes and species were much more common in dairy cattle than in beef cattle in this region. Dairy cattle, and especially dairy calves, may, therefore, pose a greater risk of infection to humans than beef cattle. However, these results may also provide evidence of potential zooanthroponotic transmission (human to animal)."

Potential Zoonotic Infections

• Anthrax disease
• Influenzavirus A
• Babesiosis
• Barmah Forest virus
• Bartonellosis
• Bilharzia
• Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
• Brucellosis
• Borrelia (Lyme disease and others)
• Borna virus infection
• Mycobacterium bovis (Bovine tuberculosis)
• Campylobacteriosis
• Chagas disease
• Chlamydophila psittaci
• Cholera
• Cowpox
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy(TSE) from bovine spongiform encephalopathy]] (BSE) or "mad cow disease"
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
• Cryptosporidiosis
• Cutaneous larva migrans
• Dengue fever
• Ebola
• Echinococcosis
• Escherichia coli O157:H7
• Eastern equine encephalitis virus
• Western equine encephalitis virus
• Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
• Giardia lamblia
• Hantavirus
• Hendra virus
• Henipavirus
• Korean hemorrhagic fever
• Kyasanur forest disease
• Lábrea fever
• Lassa fever
• Leishmaniasis
• Leptospirosis
• Listeriosis
• Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
• Marburg virus|Marburg fever
• Mediterranean spotted fever
• Herpes B virus
• Nipah virus
• Ocular larva migrans
• Omsk hemorrhagic fever
• Ornithosis (psittacosis)
• Orf (animal disease)
• Oropouche fever
• Plague (disease)
• Puumala virus
• Q-Fever
• Psittacosis or "parrot fever"
• Rabies
• Rift Valley fever
• Ringworms (Tinea canis)
• Salmonellosis
• Streptococcus suis
• Swine influenza (swine flu)
• Toxocariasis
• Toxoplasmosis
• Trichinosis
• Tularemia, or "rabbit fever"
• Typhus (disease) of Rickettsiae
• Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
• Visceral larva migrans
• West Nile virus
• Yellow fever

West Nile Virus

Links: Viral Infection | CDC - West Nile

Hepatozoonosis

Canine Hepatozoonosis

Hepatozoon is a protozoa with over 300 species acting as obligate intraerythrocytic parasites that infect birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals, in all continents with tropical and subtropical climates. The dog Hepatozoon canis was first described in the early 1900s.

Links: Dog Abnormalities

References

Bookshelf

• The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases: Understanding the Impact on Animal and Human Health: Workshop Summary. Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Emerging Infections; Burroughs T, Knobler S, Lederberg J, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2002.
• Bioinformatics in Tropical Disease Research: A Practical and Case-Study Approach Gruber, Arthur; Durham, Alan M.; Huynh, Chuong; del Portillo, Hernando A., editors Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), NCBI; 2008

Search PubMed

Search Pubmed: Zoonotic Embryo Infection | Zoonotic Infection

External Links

External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.

• UK Health Protection Report Zoonoses

Glossary Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 16) Embryology Abnormal Development - Zoonotic Infection. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Zoonotic_Infection

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G