Abnormal Development - Listeria
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Introduction
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is the pathogenic form of the 7 listeria species. Infection is generally through ingestion of organisms in contaminated food. Maternal symptoms may be mild, fetal effects can range from insignificant through to major abnormalities. Maternal treatment relates to potential developmental effects. Pregnancy greatly increases the risk of listeriosis, with pregnant women about 60% of all cases (male and female) aged 10 to 40 years. Similar effects are seem in other mammalian species.[1] See also the listeriosis review article[2] and the Guinea pig placenta listeria model[3] Generalized suppression of immunity during pregnancy is suggest to have a role in susceptibility, though recent results in a mouse model suggest that susceptibility can occur very early in a pregnancy and may relate to enteric carriage rate.[4]
| Bacterial Links: bacterial infection | syphilis | gonorrhea | tuberculosis | listeria | salmonella | TORCH | Environmental | Category:Bacteria |
Some Recent Findings
Listeria Infection
- ingestion of contaminated food
- colonization of the intestine
- intestinal translocation
- replication in the liver and spleen
- either the resolution of infection or spread to other organs resulting in a systemic infection
Lineage
Australian Data
Gram Stain
Bacterial staining procedure named after Hans Christian Gram (1853 - 1938). Generally divides bacteria into either:
- Gram-positive bacteria purple crystal violet stain is trapped by layer of peptidoglycan (forms outer layer of the cell).
- Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane prevents stain from reaching peptidoglycan layer in the periplasm, outer membrane then permeabilized and pink safranin counterstain is trapped by peptidoglycan layer.
- Links: Histology Stains
Australian NHMRC Recommendations
The Australian NHMRC (1988) recommends neonates be assessed for follow-up care under the following conditions.
- Birthweight less than 1500g or gestational age less than 32 weeks
- Small-for-gestational-age neonates
- Perinatal asphyxia
- Apgar score less than 3 at 5 minutes
- clinical evidence of neurological dysfunction
- delay in onset of spontaneous respiration for more than 5 minutes and requiring mechanical ventilation
- Clinical evidence of central nervous system abnormalities ie., seizures, hypotonia
- Hyperbilirubinaemia of greater than 350umol/l in full term neonates
- Genetic, dysmorphic or metabolic disorders or a family history of serious genetic disorder
- Perinatal or serious neonatal infection including children of mothers who are HIV positive
- Psychosocial problems eg., infants of drug-addicted or alcoholic mothers.
- Links: NHMRC WWW Page
References
Reviews
<pubmed>21517700</pubmed> <pubmed>19231307</pubmed> <pubmed>14526331</pubmed> <pubmed>6398177</pubmed>
Articles
<pubmed>20158931</pubmed>
<pubmed>14688130</pubmed> <pubmed>8372871</pubmed> <pubmed>7387172</pubmed> <pubmed>6818146</pubmed> <pubmed>4990031</pubmed>
Textbooks
Medical Microbiology - Listeria | Listeria Search
Search Pubmed
Search PubMed: Congenital Listeria | Abnormal Embryology Listeria | Abnormal Development Listeria
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- NHMRC (Australia) - Prevention of Listeria (PDF)
- Medline Plus
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (UK) Infection and Pregnancy - study group recommendations (Jun 2001)
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 16) Embryology Abnormal Development - Listeria. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Listeria
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G
