Abnormal Development - Hypertension

Embryology - 16 Apr 2024        Expand to Translate
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Educational Use Only - Embryology is an educational resource for learning concepts in embryological development, no clinical information is provided and content should not be used for any other purpose.

Introduction

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (maternal hypertension) can be environmental, genetic or of unknown causes, occurs in 2-3% (some say higher) of all pregnancies and has an increasing incidence associated with obesity. This page mainly focusses on the effects of hypertension on development, rather than the maternal health condition.

Hypertension has previously been grouped into 4 classes:

1. chronic hypertension
2. preeclampsia-eclampsia
3. preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension
4. gestational hypertension (transient hypertension of pregnancy , chronic hypertension after GA 20 weeks)

Draft Page - Notice removed when completed.

Some Recent Findings

Pharmacogenomics of Hypertension and Preeclampsia: Focus on Gene-Gene Interactions "Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, but only about half of patients on antihypertensive therapy achieve blood pressure control. Preeclampsia is defined as pregnancy-induced hypertension and proteinuria, and is associated with increased maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Similarly, a large number of patients with preeclampsia are non-responsive to antihypertensive therapy. Pharmacogenomics may help to guide the personalized treatment for non-responsive hypertensive patients."

More recent papers

This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link. This search now requires a manual link as the original PubMed extension has been disabled. The displayed list of references do not reflect any editorial selection of material based on content or relevance. References also appear on this list based upon the date of the actual page viewing. References listed on the rest of the content page and the associated discussion page (listed under the publication year sub-headings) do include some editorial selection based upon both relevance and availability. More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Maternal Hypertension | Gestational Hypertension | Preeclampsia | Eeclampsia

Older papers
These papers originally appeared in the Some Recent Findings table, but as that list grew in length have now been shuffled down to this collapsible table. See also the Discussion Page for other references listed by year and References on this current page.

Gestational Hypertension

Gestational hypertension was previously called pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and is the new onset of hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation.

Pre-Eclampsia

This condition is also known as gestational proteinuric hypertension and occurs in occurs in approximately 2 to 4% of all pregnancies. The pathogenesis of eclamptic convulsions remains unknown and women with a history of eclampsia are at increased risk of eclampsia (1-2%) and preeclampsia (22-35%) in subsequent pregnancies. "Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for reducing the rate of eclampsia developing intrapartum and immediately postpartum."(see Sibai BM. 2005).

Recent research using a large population study in Norway has shown a strong generational association such that daughters of women who had pre-eclampsia during pregnancy had more than twice the risk of pre-eclampsia themselves. The paper concludes "Maternal genes and fetal genes from either the mother or father may trigger pre-eclampsia. The maternal association is stronger than the fetal association. The familial association predicts more severe pre-eclampsia."

References

Reviews

Hutcheon JA, Lisonkova S & Joseph KS. (2011). Epidemiology of pre-eclampsia and the other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol , 25, 391-403. PMID: 21333604 DOI.

Leeman L & Fontaine P. (2008). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Am Fam Physician , 78, 93-100. PMID: 18649616

Articles

Ahmad AS & Samuelsen SO. (2012). Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and fetal death at different gestational lengths: a population study of 2 121 371 pregnancies. BJOG , 119, 1521-8. PMID: 22925135 DOI.

Mammaro A, Carrara S, Cavaliere A, Ermito S, Dinatale A, Pappalardo EM, Militello M & Pedata R. (2009). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Prenat Med , 3, 1-5. PMID: 22439030

External Links

External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.

• Medline Plus -
• American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists - 2013 Report - Hypertension in Pregnancy
• Journal - Hypertension

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 16) Embryology Abnormal Development - Hypertension. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Hypertension

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G