Abnormal Development - Fetal Growth Restriction
Embryology - 20 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
The term "Fetal Growth Restriction" (FGR) or Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) are used to describe when the fetus does not reach full growth potential. This is usually determined by clinical sonography calculations of fetal weight, fetal size, or symmetry.
The fetal period (weeks 9 to 37) is about four times the length of the embryonic period and the clinical term may not relate directly to just the "fetal period", that is a time of extensive growth in size and mass as well as ongoing differentiation of organ systems established in the embryonic period. Clinically this period is generally described as the Second Trimester and Third Trimester. Many of the critical measurements of growth are now carried out by ultrasound and measured at birth including the Birth-Weight.
Fetal Links: fetal | Week 10 | Week 12 | second trimester | third trimester | fetal neural | Fetal Blood Sampling | fetal growth restriction | birth | birth weight | preterm birth | Developmental Origins of Health and Disease | macrosomia | BGD Practical | Medicine Lecture | Science Lecture | Lecture Movie | Category:Human Fetus | Category:Fetal | |||
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- Fetal Graphs: Crown-Rump Length (CRL) | Third trimester CRL | Head Circumference | Head Circumference 2nd Trimester | Liver Weight | Pancreas Weight | Thymus Weight | Small Intestine Length | Large Intestine Length | Length and Weight Changes | Fetal Development
Some Recent Findings
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Older papers |
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These papers originally appeared in the Some Recent Findings table, but as that list grew in length have now been shuffled down to this collapsible table.
See also the Discussion Page for other references listed by year and References on this current page.
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Reading
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Second Trimester
- Second Trimester
- Week 12 - CRL 85 mm, femur length 15 mm, biparietal diameter 25 mm.
Begin by working through the features present in the early 10 week female fetus. Then look in detail at the head development in a 12 week fetus.
Then look in detail at the head development in a 12 week fetus showing both forms of ossification in the skull.
Fetal Head Growth
Third Trimester
- Vibration acoustically of maternal abdominal wall induces startle respone in fetus.
- Month 7 - respiratory bronchioles proliferate and end in alveolar ducts and sacs.
- Week 37 to 38 Birth.
- Links: Third Trimester
References
- ↑ Gupta S, Naert M, Lam-Rachlin J, Monteagudo A, Rebarber A, Saltzman D & Fox NS. (2019). Outcomes in patients with early-onset fetal growth restriction without fetal or genetic anomalies. J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. , 32, 2662-2666. PMID: 29478342 DOI.
- ↑ Ford JH, Li M, Scheil W & Roder D. (2019). Human papillomavirus infection and intrauterine growth restriction: a data-linkage study. J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. , 32, 279-285. PMID: 28889772 DOI.
- ↑ Hinkle SN, Johns AM, Albert PS, Kim S & Grantz KL. (2015). Longitudinal changes in gestational weight gain and the association with intrauterine fetal growth. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. , 190, 41-7. PMID: 25978857 DOI.
- ↑ Cotechini T, Komisarenko M, Sperou A, Macdonald-Goodfellow S, Adams MA & Graham CH. (2014). Inflammation in rat pregnancy inhibits spiral artery remodeling leading to fetal growth restriction and features of preeclampsia. J. Exp. Med. , 211, 165-79. PMID: 24395887 DOI.
- ↑ Heazell AE, Bernatavicius G, Roberts SA, Garrod A, Whitworth MK, Johnstone ED, Gillham JC & Lavender T. (2013). A randomised controlled trial comparing standard or intensive management of reduced fetal movements after 36 weeks gestation--a feasibility study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth , 13, 95. PMID: 23590451 DOI.
Journals
Reviews
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Articles
<pubmed>23599816</pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed> <pubmed></pubmed>
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Fetal Growth Restriction
Glossary Links
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 20) Embryology Abnormal Development - Fetal Growth Restriction. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Abnormal_Development_-_Fetal_Growth_Restriction
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G