ANAT2341 Lab 5 - Online Assessment: Difference between revisions

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==Lab 5 Online Assessment==
==Lab 5 Online Assessment==


TBA


Select an abnormality of either gastrointestinal or respiratory development and write a brief description of developmental causes(s) for this abnormality. Your answer should be added to your own student page, be brief (2-3 paragraphs) and referenced.


==Lab 4 Assessment==
This is not this weeks assessment item, that will be added above.


Have a look at the range and type of questions that some of your peers set for the Quiz assessment. Not all questions are on the GIT.


In the sub-heading shown below add your student signature and beside it the selected abnormality title (only).
* How many can you get right?
* How many of the questions are designed with the actual right answer?
* What makes a good quiz question?
* When the answer is revealed, does the explanation provided help your understanding of the concept?


No two students can select the same abnormality. First in best dressed!


===Student Signature and Selected abnormality===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
--[[User:Z3416697|Z3416697]] ([[User talk:Z3416697|talk]]) 23:18, 4 September 2014 (EST)  Lobar Emphysema
! Student Quiz Questions  
|-
|
<quiz display=simple>
{1. The splanchnic mesoderm does '''not''' contribute to:
|type="()"}
+ epithelium
- mesentery
- blood vessels
- smooth muscle
||The splanchnic mesoderm is involved in the development of mesentery, connective tissue, smooth muscle, and blood vessels. The endoderm contributes to development of epithelium.


--[[User:Z3463310|Z3463310]] ([[User talk:Z3463310|talk]]) 13:52, 5 September 2014 (EST)  Omphalocele
{2. The correct order of blood supply for the foregut, midgut, and hindgut is:
|type="()"}
- inferior mesenteric artery, celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery
- superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, celiac artery
+ celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery
- celiac artery, inferior mesenteric artery, superior mesenteric artery
||The foregut is supplied by the celiac artery, the midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery, and the hindgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery.


--[[User:Z3414515|Z3414515]] ([[User talk:Z3414515|talk]]) 16:34, 5 September 2014 (EST)  Esophageal Stenosis
{3. Which of these statements is '''false'''?
|type="()"}
- The right hepatic bud will eventually form the right lobe of the liver.
- The cloaca initially forms a common urogenital and gastrointestinal space.
- Meckel's diverticulum is a common abnormality caused by failed degeneration of the vitelline duct during development.
+ The ventral mesentery is completely lost during development.
||The ventral mesentery is lost except at the level of the stomach and the liver, and will eventually contribute to the development of the lesser omentum and the falciform ligament.


--[[User:Z3417843|Z3417843]] ([[User talk:Z3417843|talk]]) 16:55, 5 September 2014 (EST) Meconium Aspiration
{4. Which abnormality involves narrowing of the gastrointestinal tract lumen?
Syndrome
|type="()"}
+ stenosis
- atresia
- duplication
- gastroschisis
||Stenosis is narrowing of the GIT lumen. Atresia is interruption of the lumen, duplication is incomplete recanalisation leading to the formation of parallel lumens, and gastroschisis is an abdominal wall defect that results in herniation of the abdominal viscera into the amniotic cavity.


--[[User:Z3333429|Z3333429]] ([[User talk:Z3333429|talk]]) 17:19, 5 September 2014 (EST) Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome - (Hyaline Membrane Disease)
{During Gastrulation, or gut formation, at the rostral and caudal end of the embryo which membrane breaks down first and when  does it occur?:
|type="()"}
- &nbsp; buccopharangeal membrane at 6 weeks
- &nbsp; cloacal membrane at 5 weeks
+ &nbsp; buccopharangeal membrane at 4 weeks
- &nbsp; coacal membrane at 4 weeks
||At week 4 the  '''buccopharangeal membrane''' breaks down first and now the foregut is open to the amniotic cavity and amniotic fluid will fill the foregut. The  present '''cloacal membrane ''' breaks down afterwards and divides into '''urogenital sinus''' and '''rectum'''.


--[[User:Z3417458|Z3417458]] ([[User talk:Z3417458|talk]]) 17:40, 5 September 2014 (EST) Congenital  Diaphragmatic Hernia
{During Gastrulation which organ forms first after the heart tube, and at what week of embryo development does this occur?:
|type="()"}
- &nbsp; Pancreas at 5 weeks
- &nbsp; Foregut of stomach at 6 weeks
+ &nbsp; Liver at 4 weeks
- &nbsp; Kidneys at 5 weeks
||At week 4 beginning of stage 11 the primitive liver forms at the level of the transverse septum underneath the stomach bud. It is the first organ to form after the heart tube.


--[[User:Z3418340|Z3418340]] ([[User talk:Z3418340|talk]]) 19:26, 5 September 2014 (EST) Pulmonary hypoplasia
{When the primitive stomach is forming in Week 4 how many turns does it need to take in order to form the correct adult anatomical position?:
|type="()"}
+ &nbsp; Two turns 90 degrees each
- &nbsp; One turn at 90 degrees and one turn at 45 degrees
- &nbsp; Only one turn at 90 degrees
- &nbsp; Only one turn at 180 degrees
||During week 4 at the level where the stomach will form the tube begins to dilate, forming an enlarged lumen.
The dorsal border grows more rapidly than ventral first rotation (of 90 degrees), which establishes the greater curvature of the stomach.
A second rotation (of 90 degrees) occurs on the longitudinal axis establishing the adult orientation of the stomach. Thus there are two rotations the primitive stomach must undertake, the first one at 90 degrees to establish the classic curvature, and the second turn at 90 degrees to correct the anatomical position.


--[[User:Z3417796|Z3417796]] ([[User talk:Z3417796|talk]]) 21:47, 6 September 2014 (EST) Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
{How many cavities does the mammalian "placental" cloaca have and in what groups of vertebrates is the cloaca only a single cavity?:
|type="()"}
+ &nbsp; Placental mammalian can have two or three seperate orifices for evacuation. Birds, reptiles, amphibians and some other mammals have only one.
- &nbsp; All animals only have one opening called a cloaca for the urinary, digestive and reproductive tracts.
- &nbsp; All animals have two openings, one for the urinary/digestive tract and the other for the reproductive tract.
- &nbsp; All mammals and reptiles have two openings one for the urinary/digestive tract and the other for the reproductive tract.
||All amphibians, birds, reptiles, and a few mammals (monotremes, tenrecs, golden moles, and marsupial moles) have only a cloaca, from which they excrete both urine and feces; this is in contrast to most placental mammals, which have two or three separate orifices for evacuation. In the developing human embryo and placental mammal embryo the hindgut (cloaca) will later be divided into separate urogenital and rectal regions that end at the cloacal membrane.


--[[User:Z3465654|Z3465654]] ([[User talk:Z3465654|talk]]) 14:14, 7 September 2014 (EST) Cystic Fibrosis
{There are many different types of lumen abnormalities that can occur in the gastrointestinal tract. Indicate whether the following statement is true or false:
Stenosis is a condition where the lumen is interrupted (or a passage in the body is usually abnormally closed or absent).
|type="()"}
- True
+ False
|| Stenosis is the abnormal narrowing of the lumen, usually caused by a lesion. The interruption of the lumen, where there is congenital absence of a normal opening, is called Atresia.


--[[User:Z3415242|Z3415242]] ([[User talk:Z3415242|talk]]) 18:36, 7 September 2014 (EST) Laryngeal Atresia
{What 3 major body cavities does the coelomic cavity form?
|type="()"}
- Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm
+ Pericardial, pleural, peritoneal
- Cranial cavity, Thoracic cavity, Abdominal cavity
- Foregut, midgut, hindgut
|| The Endoderm (inner layer), Mesoderm (middle layer) and Ectoderm (outer layer) are germ layers that form during embryogenesis. The mesoderm first goes through segmentation to form paraxial, intermediate mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm. Lateral plate mesoderm segments into somatic and splanchnic mesoderm. The space formed in the middle is called the coelomic cavity. A coelom is a body cavity filled with fluid and is lined with epithelium derived from the mesoderm. The coelomic cavity forms 3 major body cavities: pericardial, pleural and peritoneal.


--[[User:Z3419587|Z3419587]] ([[User talk:Z3419587|talk]]) 23:14, 7 September 2014 (EST) Congenital Laryngeal Webs
{Explain the vascular supply of the foregut, midgut and hindgut.
|type="()"}
- The foregut is supplied by the aorta. The midgut is supplied by the celiac artery. The hindgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery.
- The foregut is supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery. The midgut and the hindgut are both supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery.
+ The foregut is supplied by branches of the celiac artery. The midgut is supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery. The hindgut is supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric artery.
|| The gastrointestinal tract is separated into 3 portions - the foregut, midgut and hindgut - and all contribute to different parts of the tract. The foregut is the anterior part of the gut and is supplied by the celiac artery. It includes the trachea, lungs, oesophagus and stomach. The midgut lies in the middle and is the portion from which most of the intestines develop, including structures such as the jejunum, ileum, cecum and appendix. It is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery. The posterior part of the gut is called the hindgut and that is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery. It consists of the half transverse colon, descending colon, rectum and superior part of the anal canal.


--[[User:Z5030311|Z5030311]] ([[User talk:Z5030311|talk]]) 14:02, 8 September 2014 (EST) Aganglionic colon (Hirschprung's disease)
{Ladd's Bands are fibrous bands of peritoneal tissue that attach the cecum to the abdominal wall, creating a blockage in the duodenum. In what abnormality is this condition found?
|type="()"}
+ In the malrotation of the intestine
- Intestinal Aganglionosis
- Gastroschisis
- Meckel's Diverticulum
|| Ladd's Bands are a series of bands of peritoneal tissue in the disarrangement of intestines - that is, Intestinal Malrotation. To treat this, the surgeon must untwist the the intestines and cut the Ladd's Bands.


--[[User:Z3414648|Z3414648]] ([[User talk:Z3414648|talk]]) 20:37, 8 September 2014 (EST) Pulmonary Sequestration (intra- and extralobar)
{Which of the following structures does the ectoderm contribute to?
|type="()"}
- epithelium, mesentry, connective tissue
+ enteric nervous system
- epithelium and smooth muscle
- enteric nervous system, connective tissue, smooth muscle
|| Option two is correct as the ectoderm only contributes to the enteric nervous system. Epithelium is contributed by the endoderm, whereas the mesentry, connective tissues, smooth muscle, blood vessels are contributed by the mesoderm


==Biomedical Research Expo 2014==
{What lies rostral in relation to the notochord?
FYI only - this is not your online assessment.
|type="()"}
- mesoderm
- the neural tube
+ the buccopharyngeal membrane
- the mesoderm then endoderm
|| The buccopharyngeal membrane lies rostral in relation to the notochord. The mesoderm lies laterally to the notochord, the neural tube dorsally and the mesoderm and endoderm ventrally.


''4 September 2014'' (this Thursday) - Wallace Wurth Building, Ground Floor Atrium - South wing. 5pm – 7pm
{During Week 8- 10 (GA 10- 12 weeks):
|type="()"}
+ neural crest migrates into the wall forms enteric nervous system
- endoderm in the GIT wall proliferates
- a second rotation (of 90 degrees) occurs on the longitudinal axis establishing the adult orientation of the stomach.
- mesoderm within the dorsal mesogastrium form a long strip of cells adjacent to the forming stomach above the developing pancreas
|| Option A is correct and is the only one that occurs during weeks 8-10. Option B occurs at the beginning of Week 5. Option C occurs during Week 4. Option D also occurs in Week 5 and is incorrect


{Narrowing of a lumen such as the duodenum or the pylorus is also called:
|type="()"}
- duplication
- atresia.
+ stenosis
- gastroschisis
|| Stenosis is the correct answer. Duplication is the incomplete recanalization resulting in parallel lumens, this is really a specialized form of stenosis. Atresia is the interuption of the lumen and gastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall defect which results in herniation of fetal abdominal viscera into the amniotic cavity.


Come along and meet the researchers from different groups and see what Honours and Postgraduate projects are available in their labs. Discuss their research and find out more.


{The mesoderm undegoes segementation to form which of the following layers
|type="()"}
- paraxial, intermediate mesoderm and splanchnic mesoderm
+ paraxial, intermediate mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm
- paraxial, lateral plate mesoderm and somites
- paraxial, lateral plate and splanchnic mesoderm
|| Option two is correct as the mesoderm initially segments to form paraxial, intermediate mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm. The paraxial mesoderm forms into somites and lateral plate mesoderm divides into somatic and splanchnic mesoderm.


See you there!
{Which of the following events occurs in week 4 of gestational age.
|type="()"}
- Mesentry development
+ hepatic diverticulum development begins
- Canalization occurs
- Intestine herniation occurs
|| Canalization and Mesentry development occur in week 7 while intestine herniation occurs in weeks 10-12. The only event occurring in week 4 of GA is hepatic diverticulum development.


{Which of the following are part of the adult foregut?
|type="()"}
+ celiac artery, upper duodenum, liver
- superior part anal canal, jejunum, liver
- liver, superior mesenteric artery, cecum
- inferior mesenteric artery,  rectum, celiac artery
|| The adult foregut consists of the celiac artery, upper duodenum, liver and respiratory tract. The adult midgut consists of  jejunum,  ileum,  cecum, appendix, ascending colon, half transverse colon, superior mesenteric artery. The adult hindgut consists of  descending colon, rectum, superior part anal canal, inferior mesenteric artery and transverse colon.


{The lumen abnormality Atresia  can be describe as:
|type="()"}
- Narrowing of the lumen
- The formation of parallel lumens.
+ Interruption of the lumen
- Inflammation of the meninges of the brain.
||Narrowing of the lumen is known as stenosis. The formation of parallel lumens as a result of incomplete recanalization is known as duplication. The inflammation of the meninges of the brain is known as meningitis. Atresia is defined as the interruption of the lumen.
{The level of the end of foregut and the begins of midgut is at the level of:
|type="()"}
- Pharynx
- Larynx
+ Between stomach and duodenum
- Between duodenum and jejunum
|| In embryo, all the features above the yolk stalk are called foregut, jejunum is part of the midgut. On the other hand, the organs connected to celiac artery are foregut (up to upper part of duodenum, gallbladder and pancreas). ''
{Which of the following statement is '''WRONG'''?
|type="()"}
+ The abdominal mesentery separated at birth.
- The lumen enlargement of stomach before the positioning of stomach
- Rectum and urinary tube had common space at first place then separated.
|| 1) The abdominal mesentery joins from separated at neonatal stage.  2)The curvatures of stomach forms before the rotation to the anatomical position of stomach. 3) Rectum and urogenital sinus are separated by urogenital septum, and urogenital sinus comes up with urinary tube.''
{Which of the following statement is '''WRONG''' ?:
|type="()"}
- Definition between Primary and Secondary Villi is the presents of mesoderm in the villi
- There are limited numbers of villi could be found on the chorion laeve at early stages of the embryo. 
+ The umbilical vein and artery have no any interaction in the whole umbilical cord
|| 1) Secondary Villi has core of mesoderm with fetal vessel in the middle of villi but not the Primary villi. 2) Villi could be found on chorion laeve side but won't be developed as the frondosum side. 3) umbilical vein is wrapped by two umbilical arteries in the umbilical cord ( for occultation at birth) .  ''
{Which of the following will become part of the placenta?:
|type="()"}
+ Decidua placentalis
- Decidua capsularis
- Decidua parietalis
|| Decidua '''placentalis’’’
{The incidence of Gastroschisis is:
|type="()"}
+ 1.66/10,000
- 1.66/1,000
- 1.66/100
- 1.66/10
{There are three distinct portions of the GIT by the end of week 4.
|type="()"}
+ TRUE.
|| The GIT at this point in development is formed by the Foregut, the Midgut and the Hindgut.
- FALSE.
{The Gastrointestinal Tract does not function until after birth.
|type="()"}
+ TRUE.
|| The GIT does not function until after birth due to the lack of bacterial population, enzymal production and immune response within the walls of the GIT. The lack of GIT function is also due to the fact that nutrients before birth are passed through the mother's umbilical cord directly into the baby's bloodstream.
- FALSE.
|| The GIT does not function until after birth due to the lack of bacterial population, enzymal production and immune response within the walls of the GIT. The lack of GIT function is also due to the fact that nutrients before birth are passed through the mother's umbilical cord directly into the baby's bloodstream.
{Intestinal Aganglionosis is a condition where:
|type="()"}
- There are bands crossing the duodenum causing obstruction.
|| This condition is known as Ladd's Bands.
- There is improper closure and absorption of the vitelline duct during development
|| This condition, known as Meckel's diverticulum, occurrs in 1-2% of the population, affecting the vitelline duct which connects the yolk to the incomplete, primitive GIT.
+ There is an absence of the ENS within the GIT.
|| This condition is known as Intestinal Aganglionosis, has implications such as loss of gastric motility. This disorder occurs as the Neural crest cells migrating to the cranial portion of the GIT fail to migrate caudally during development of the GIT. It can thus be seen that Agangliosis occurs mainly at the anal portion of the GIT, increasing in severity as it tends towards the cranial portion.
- There is a narrowing of the lumen of the GIT.
|| This condition is known as stenosis, or the narrowing of a passageway.
{Which of the following statements are true?
|type="()"}
- The paraxial mesoderm will form cardiovascular structures such as the heat and GIT strucutes
- The intermediate mesoderm will form the body wall
+ The lateral plate mesoderm will form structures such as the stomach and small intestine
- The intermediate mesoderm will form somites
|| Option C is correct as the lateral plate mesoderm will later form GIT structures, which include organs such as the stomach and small intestine. In contrast, paraxial mesoderm will form somites whilst the intermediate mesoderm will eventually form urogenital structures such as the kidneys and genitals.
{What day are the first pair of somites formed and how many pairs of somites are formed altogether
|type="()"}
- Day 19 and 40 pairs of somites
- Day 22 and 43 pairs of somites
- Day 21 and 41 pairs of somites
+  Day 20 and 44 pairs of somites
|| Option D is correct: It is known that the first pair of somites will form by day 20 and that there are 44 pairs of somites formed.
{The sclerotome will form:
|type="()"}
+ a single vertebral body and intervertebral disc after being subdivided
- Dermatomes across the whole body
- Skeletal muscles of the back (erector spinae) as well as those of the thorax and abdomen
- The overlying epidermial layer of the skin
|| Option A is correct: This is because the Sclerotome will become subdivided, whereby the rostral and caudal halves become separated by a fissure known as Von Ebner’s fissure. One half of the somites contribute to a single vertebral body whilst the other half will form the intervertebral disc, which is a fibrocartilaginous structure located between the vertebral bodies of C2-S1.
{Which of the following is false:
|type="()"}
- Neural crest cells will form skin melanocytes
+ Neural crest cells will form the neural tube
- Neural crest cells will form teeth odontoblasts
- Neural crest cells will form the pia-arachnoid sheath
|| Option B is correct. It is important to note that neural crest cells will form structures belonging to the peripheral nervous system. It does not form the neural tube, but rather surrounding structures such as the dorsal root ganglia.
{The first organ to form after the development of the heart is the:
|type="()"}
+ Liver
- Stomach
- Pancreas
- Gall Bladder.
||The liver is the first organ to form following the development of the heart. The stomach, pancreas and gall bladder all develop soon after.
{How many rotations does the stomach undergo during GIT development in week 4 to 5?
|type="()"}
- 1
+ 2
- 3
- 4
|| The stomach undergoes [[two]] embryonic 90 degree rotations: the first to establish the J-shape that forms the adult stomach body (classic curvature), and the second rotation establishes it in its correct anatomical position.
{Following the degeneration of the buccopharyngeal membrane, the foregut is open to which cavity?
|type="()"}
- The peritoneal cavity
- The chorionic cavity
- The yolk sac
+ The amniotic cavity
|| During week 4 of development, the breakdown of the buccopharangeal membrane exposes the foregut to the amniotic cavity where amniotic fluid is then able to fill the foregut.
{Which one of these is not an abnormality that can occur during the proliferation and re-canalisation of the gut tube?
|type="()"}
- Occlusion
+ Meckel's diverticulum
- Duplication
- Stenosis
||During re-canalisation, if the gut tube does not re-canalise the tube can remain completely occluded. Another senario would be if there is renalisation but it occurs in discrete channels to give rise to duplicated gut tubes. The third abnormality occurs when there is incomplete vasculisation which leads to stenosis or narrowing of the tube. The only abnormality that is not involved in Meckel's diverticulum and is associated with failure of Vitelline duct breakdown leaving a yolk stalk remnant. It is a common abnormality with a prevalence of 1-2% and can lead to infection and possibly affect the rotation of the midgut. 
{During week 4 in GIT development:
|type="()"}
- The cloacal membrane is broken down while the buccopharyngeal membrane remains intact
+ The buccopharyngeal membrane is broken down while the cloacal membrane remains intact
- Both the buccopharyngeal and cloacal membranes break down simultaneously
- Both the buccopharyngeal and cloacal membranes remain intact.
||Loss of the buccopharangeal membrane during week 4 allows amniotic fluid into the foregut. The cloacal membrane remains intact and does not break down until the cloaca is divided into urogenital sinuses and the rectum (occurs later in embryonic development.
{1. Which of the following options lists the order of events that happen at different stages in liver development of an embryo?
|type="()"}
-  Cell differentiation, hepatic diverticulum development, enmeshing stromal capillaries
+  Hepatic diverticulum development, septum transversum forming liver stroma, epithelial cord profileration
-  Hepatic diverticulum, development, epithelial cord proliferation, formation of hepatic trabeculae
-  Cell differentiation, epithelial cord proliferation, formation of liver stroma
|| Option two is correct as the liver development occurs between Stages 11-13 in the order of: Stage 11 – hepatic diverticulum development/ Stage 12 – Cell differentiation, septum transversum forming liver stroma, hepatic diverticulum forming hepatic trabeculae/ Stage 13 – epithelial cord proliferation enmeshing stromal capillaries.
{2. Where does the mesoderm lie in relation to the notochord?
|type="()"}
- Ventrally
- Dorsally & Ventrally
+ Laterally, Rostrally & Ventrally
- Caudally
|| Option 2 is the correct answer. In relation to the notochord the mesoderm lies: laterally (on either side), rostrally (above the buccopharyngeal membrane) and ventrally (beneath). 
{3. The process of ‘canalization’ that occurs at the endoderm of GIT wall from beginning of week 5 includes:
|type="()"}
+ Endoderm in the GIT wall proliferates, blockage of GIT endoderm lumen occurs, tissue degenerates to form a hollow tube once more
- The dorsal border of the tube where stomach will form in the embryo, begins to dilate and form an enlarged lumen
- Midgut grows in length as a loop extending ventrally, returning as hindgut
- At the level of stomach, dorsal mesogastrium extends as a fold forming the greater omentum
|| Option 1 is the correct answer. Canalization begins from the beginning of week 5 and is complete by end of week 8. Abnormalities in this process can lead to issues such as atresia, stenosis or duplications.
{4. In both the fetus and the adult, the celiac artery supplies:
|type="()"}
- Fetus: Foregut /Adult: Appendix 
- Fetus: Midgut /Adult: Respiratory tract
+ Fetus: Foregut /Adult: Esophagus
- Fetus: Hindgut/Adult: Rectum
|| Option 3 is the correct answer. In the 4th week, the 3 distinct segments of the GIT (fore-, mid- and hind-gut) extend the length of embryo and contribute to different components. These 3 divisions are later identified their vascular (artery) supply. The Celiac artery supplies the: foregut (in fetus) & pharynx, esophagus, stomach, upper duodenum, respiratory tract, liver, gallbladder and pancreas (in adults)
{The mesoderm consists of epithelium, connective tissues, blood vessels, mesentry, smooth muscle.
| type="()"}
- &nbsp; true
+ &nbsp; false
||<br>Whilst the mesoderm consists of connective tissues, blood vessels, mesentry and smooth muscle, epithelium is located in the endoderm and not the mesoderm .
<!-- The question above is a simple true/false statement. These are not very "testing", you can only have one of these in your designed quiz.-->
<!-- The question below allows only one correct option. -->
{Select the most correct option of the following options:
|type="()"}
- &nbsp; The superior mesenteric artery supplies the hindgut
- &nbsp; The foregut is suppled by the inferior mesenteric artery
- &nbsp; The celiac artery supplies the midgut
+ &nbsp; The superior mesenteric artery supplies the midgut
||The superior mesenteric artery supplies the midgut, the celiac artery supplies the foregut and the inferior mesenteric artery supplies the hindgut.
<!-- The question below allows more than one correct option. -->
{Which of the following statements about somites is/are correct:
|type="[]"}
+ &nbsp; Differentiate a covering epithelium in their early stages.
- &nbsp; Somites contribute the body wall osteogenic, chrondrogenic and fibrogenic cells.
+ &nbsp; Contribute to a single vertebral level body and the intervertebral disc.
- &nbsp; Myotomes contribute the smooth muscle associated with the gastrointestinal tract wall.
||<br>Paraxial mesoderm forming the early somite does initially form a '''transient epithelial layer''' that covers each somite. This layer breakdown with later development, allowing the somite components to disperse. The sclerotome component of each somite pair engulf the left and right side of the notochord '''forming the entire axial column''', that includes the vertebra and intervertebral disc (from each somite). '''Somatic not somitic mesoderm''' forms the body wall osteogenic, chrondrogenic and fibrogenic cells. Don't mix up somatic/somitic. You may have had to think about this as the dermatome, forming the dermis and fibrogenic cells, does mix with somatic mesoderm later in development, but does not contribute either osteogenic or chrondrogenic cells. Myotomes contribute the '''skeletal muscle not smooth muscle'''. The GIT smooth muscle comes from splanchnic mesoderm.
</quiz>
|}


My Lab research - [[Ectopic Implantation Research]] | [[Human Embryo Collections]] | Delirium




{{ANAT2341Lab5Footer}}
{{ANAT2341Lab5Footer}}

Latest revision as of 13:46, 2 September 2016

Lab 5: Introduction | Trilaminar Embryo | Early Embryo | Late Embryo | Fetal | Postnatal | Abnormalities | Online Assessment

Lab 5 Online Assessment

TBA


Lab 4 Assessment

This is not this weeks assessment item, that will be added above.

Have a look at the range and type of questions that some of your peers set for the Quiz assessment. Not all questions are on the GIT.

  • How many can you get right?
  • How many of the questions are designed with the actual right answer?
  • What makes a good quiz question?
  • When the answer is revealed, does the explanation provided help your understanding of the concept?


Student Quiz Questions  

1 1. The splanchnic mesoderm does not contribute to:

epithelium
mesentery
blood vessels
smooth muscle

2 2. The correct order of blood supply for the foregut, midgut, and hindgut is:

inferior mesenteric artery, celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery
superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, celiac artery
celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery
celiac artery, inferior mesenteric artery, superior mesenteric artery

3 3. Which of these statements is false?

The right hepatic bud will eventually form the right lobe of the liver.
The cloaca initially forms a common urogenital and gastrointestinal space.
Meckel's diverticulum is a common abnormality caused by failed degeneration of the vitelline duct during development.
The ventral mesentery is completely lost during development.

4 4. Which abnormality involves narrowing of the gastrointestinal tract lumen?

stenosis
atresia
duplication
gastroschisis

5 During Gastrulation, or gut formation, at the rostral and caudal end of the embryo which membrane breaks down first and when does it occur?:

  buccopharangeal membrane at 6 weeks
  cloacal membrane at 5 weeks
  buccopharangeal membrane at 4 weeks
  coacal membrane at 4 weeks

6 During Gastrulation which organ forms first after the heart tube, and at what week of embryo development does this occur?:

  Pancreas at 5 weeks
  Foregut of stomach at 6 weeks
  Liver at 4 weeks
  Kidneys at 5 weeks

7 When the primitive stomach is forming in Week 4 how many turns does it need to take in order to form the correct adult anatomical position?:

  Two turns 90 degrees each
  One turn at 90 degrees and one turn at 45 degrees
  Only one turn at 90 degrees
  Only one turn at 180 degrees

8 How many cavities does the mammalian "placental" cloaca have and in what groups of vertebrates is the cloaca only a single cavity?:

  Placental mammalian can have two or three seperate orifices for evacuation. Birds, reptiles, amphibians and some other mammals have only one.
  All animals only have one opening called a cloaca for the urinary, digestive and reproductive tracts.
  All animals have two openings, one for the urinary/digestive tract and the other for the reproductive tract.
  All mammals and reptiles have two openings one for the urinary/digestive tract and the other for the reproductive tract.

9 There are many different types of lumen abnormalities that can occur in the gastrointestinal tract. Indicate whether the following statement is true or false: Stenosis is a condition where the lumen is interrupted (or a passage in the body is usually abnormally closed or absent).

True
False

10 What 3 major body cavities does the coelomic cavity form?

Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm
Pericardial, pleural, peritoneal
Cranial cavity, Thoracic cavity, Abdominal cavity
Foregut, midgut, hindgut

11 Explain the vascular supply of the foregut, midgut and hindgut.

The foregut is supplied by the aorta. The midgut is supplied by the celiac artery. The hindgut is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery.
The foregut is supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery. The midgut and the hindgut are both supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery.
The foregut is supplied by branches of the celiac artery. The midgut is supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery. The hindgut is supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric artery.

12 Ladd's Bands are fibrous bands of peritoneal tissue that attach the cecum to the abdominal wall, creating a blockage in the duodenum. In what abnormality is this condition found?

In the malrotation of the intestine
Intestinal Aganglionosis
Gastroschisis
Meckel's Diverticulum

13 Which of the following structures does the ectoderm contribute to?

epithelium, mesentry, connective tissue
enteric nervous system
epithelium and smooth muscle
enteric nervous system, connective tissue, smooth muscle

14 What lies rostral in relation to the notochord?

mesoderm
the neural tube
the buccopharyngeal membrane
the mesoderm then endoderm

15 During Week 8- 10 (GA 10- 12 weeks):

neural crest migrates into the wall forms enteric nervous system
endoderm in the GIT wall proliferates
a second rotation (of 90 degrees) occurs on the longitudinal axis establishing the adult orientation of the stomach.
mesoderm within the dorsal mesogastrium form a long strip of cells adjacent to the forming stomach above the developing pancreas

16 Narrowing of a lumen such as the duodenum or the pylorus is also called:

duplication
atresia.
stenosis
gastroschisis

17 The mesoderm undegoes segementation to form which of the following layers

paraxial, intermediate mesoderm and splanchnic mesoderm
paraxial, intermediate mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm
paraxial, lateral plate mesoderm and somites
paraxial, lateral plate and splanchnic mesoderm

18 Which of the following events occurs in week 4 of gestational age.

Mesentry development
hepatic diverticulum development begins
Canalization occurs
Intestine herniation occurs

19 Which of the following are part of the adult foregut?

celiac artery, upper duodenum, liver
superior part anal canal, jejunum, liver
liver, superior mesenteric artery, cecum
inferior mesenteric artery, rectum, celiac artery

20 The lumen abnormality Atresia can be describe as:

Narrowing of the lumen
The formation of parallel lumens.
Interruption of the lumen
Inflammation of the meninges of the brain.

21 The level of the end of foregut and the begins of midgut is at the level of:

Pharynx
Larynx
Between stomach and duodenum
Between duodenum and jejunum

22 Which of the following statement is WRONG?

The abdominal mesentery separated at birth.
The lumen enlargement of stomach before the positioning of stomach
Rectum and urinary tube had common space at first place then separated.

23 Which of the following statement is WRONG ?:

Definition between Primary and Secondary Villi is the presents of mesoderm in the villi
There are limited numbers of villi could be found on the chorion laeve at early stages of the embryo.
The umbilical vein and artery have no any interaction in the whole umbilical cord

24 Which of the following will become part of the placenta?:

Decidua placentalis
Decidua capsularis
Decidua parietalis

25 The incidence of Gastroschisis is:

1.66/10,000
1.66/1,000
1.66/100
1.66/10

26 There are three distinct portions of the GIT by the end of week 4.

TRUE.
FALSE.

27 The Gastrointestinal Tract does not function until after birth.

TRUE.
FALSE.

28 Intestinal Aganglionosis is a condition where:

There are bands crossing the duodenum causing obstruction.
There is improper closure and absorption of the vitelline duct during development
There is an absence of the ENS within the GIT.
There is a narrowing of the lumen of the GIT.

29 Which of the following statements are true?

The paraxial mesoderm will form cardiovascular structures such as the heat and GIT strucutes
The intermediate mesoderm will form the body wall
The lateral plate mesoderm will form structures such as the stomach and small intestine
The intermediate mesoderm will form somites

30 What day are the first pair of somites formed and how many pairs of somites are formed altogether

Day 19 and 40 pairs of somites
Day 22 and 43 pairs of somites
Day 21 and 41 pairs of somites
Day 20 and 44 pairs of somites

31 The sclerotome will form:

a single vertebral body and intervertebral disc after being subdivided
Dermatomes across the whole body
Skeletal muscles of the back (erector spinae) as well as those of the thorax and abdomen
The overlying epidermial layer of the skin

32 Which of the following is false:

Neural crest cells will form skin melanocytes
Neural crest cells will form the neural tube
Neural crest cells will form teeth odontoblasts
Neural crest cells will form the pia-arachnoid sheath

33 The first organ to form after the development of the heart is the:

Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Gall Bladder.

34 How many rotations does the stomach undergo during GIT development in week 4 to 5?

1
2
3
4

35 Following the degeneration of the buccopharyngeal membrane, the foregut is open to which cavity?

The peritoneal cavity
The chorionic cavity
The yolk sac
The amniotic cavity

36 Which one of these is not an abnormality that can occur during the proliferation and re-canalisation of the gut tube?

Occlusion
Meckel's diverticulum
Duplication
Stenosis

37 During week 4 in GIT development:

The cloacal membrane is broken down while the buccopharyngeal membrane remains intact
The buccopharyngeal membrane is broken down while the cloacal membrane remains intact
Both the buccopharyngeal and cloacal membranes break down simultaneously
Both the buccopharyngeal and cloacal membranes remain intact.

38 1. Which of the following options lists the order of events that happen at different stages in liver development of an embryo?

Cell differentiation, hepatic diverticulum development, enmeshing stromal capillaries
Hepatic diverticulum development, septum transversum forming liver stroma, epithelial cord profileration
Hepatic diverticulum, development, epithelial cord proliferation, formation of hepatic trabeculae
Cell differentiation, epithelial cord proliferation, formation of liver stroma

39 2. Where does the mesoderm lie in relation to the notochord?

Ventrally
Dorsally & Ventrally
Laterally, Rostrally & Ventrally
Caudally

40 3. The process of ‘canalization’ that occurs at the endoderm of GIT wall from beginning of week 5 includes:

Endoderm in the GIT wall proliferates, blockage of GIT endoderm lumen occurs, tissue degenerates to form a hollow tube once more
The dorsal border of the tube where stomach will form in the embryo, begins to dilate and form an enlarged lumen
Midgut grows in length as a loop extending ventrally, returning as hindgut
At the level of stomach, dorsal mesogastrium extends as a fold forming the greater omentum

41 4. In both the fetus and the adult, the celiac artery supplies:

Fetus: Foregut /Adult: Appendix
Fetus: Midgut /Adult: Respiratory tract
Fetus: Foregut /Adult: Esophagus
Fetus: Hindgut/Adult: Rectum

42 The mesoderm consists of epithelium, connective tissues, blood vessels, mesentry, smooth muscle.

  true
  false

43 Select the most correct option of the following options:

  The superior mesenteric artery supplies the hindgut
  The foregut is suppled by the inferior mesenteric artery
  The celiac artery supplies the midgut
  The superior mesenteric artery supplies the midgut

44 Which of the following statements about somites is/are correct:

  Differentiate a covering epithelium in their early stages.
  Somites contribute the body wall osteogenic, chrondrogenic and fibrogenic cells.
  Contribute to a single vertebral level body and the intervertebral disc.
  Myotomes contribute the smooth muscle associated with the gastrointestinal tract wall.




Lab 5: Introduction | Trilaminar Embryo | Early Embryo | Late Embryo | Fetal | Postnatal | Abnormalities | Online Assessment


ANAT2341 Course Timetable  
Week (Mon) Lecture 1 (Mon 1-2pm) Lecture 2 (Tue 3-4pm) Practical (Fri 1-3pm)
Week 2 (1 Aug) Introduction Fertilization Lab 1
Week 3 (8 Aug) Week 1 and 2 Week 3 Lab 2
Week 4 (15 Aug) Mesoderm Ectoderm Lab 3
Week 5 (22 Aug) Early Vascular Placenta Lab 4
Week 6 (29 Aug) Gastrointestinal Respiratory Lab 5
Week 7 (5 Sep) Head Neural Crest Lab 6
Week 8 (12 Sep) Musculoskeletal Limb Development Lab 7
Week 9 (19 Sep) Renal Genital Lab 8
Mid-semester break
Week 10 (3 Oct) Public Holiday Stem Cells Lab 9
Week 11 (10 Oct) Integumentary Endocrine Lab 10
Week 12 (17 Oct) Heart Sensory Lab 11
Week 13 (24 Oct) Fetal Birth and Revision Lab 12

ANAT2341 2016: Moodle page | ECHO360 | Textbooks | Students 2016 | Projects 2016

ANAT2341Lectures - Textbook chapters  
Lecture (Timetable) Textbook - The Developing Human Textbook - Larsen's Human Embryology
Embryology Introduction Introduction to the Developing Human
Fertilization First Week of Human Development Gametogenesis, Fertilization, and First Week
Week 1 and 2 Second Week of Human Development Second Week: Becoming Bilaminar and Fully Implanting
Week 3 Third Week of Human Development Third Week: Becoming Trilaminar and Establishing Body Axes
Mesoderm Fourth to Eighth Weeks of Human Development Fourth Week: Forming the Embryo
Ectoderm Nervous System Development of the Central Nervous System
Early Vascular Cardiovascular System Development of the Vasculature
Placenta Placenta and Fetal Membranes Development of the Vasculature
Endoderm - GIT Alimentary System Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Respiratory Respiratory System Development of the Respiratory System and Body Cavities
Head Pharyngeal Apparatus, Face, and Neck Development of the Pharyngeal Apparatus and Face
Neural Crest Nervous System Development of the Peripheral Nervous System
Musculoskeletal Muscular System Development of the Musculoskeletal System
Limb Development of Limbs Development of the Limbs
Renal Urogenital System Development of the Urinary System
Genital Urogenital System Development of the Urinary System
Stem Cells
Integumentary Integumentary System Development of the Skin and Its Derivatives
Endocrine Covered through various chapters (see also alternate text), read head and neck, neural crest and renal chapters.
Endocrinology Textbook - Chapter Titles  
Nussey S. and Whitehead S. Endocrinology: An Integrated Approach (2001) Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers; ISBN-10: 1-85996-252-1.

Full Table of Contents

Heart Cardiovascular System Development of the Heart
Sensory Development of Eyes and Ears Development of the Eyes
Fetal Fetal Period Fetal Development and the Fetus as Patient
Birth and Revision
Additional Textbook Content - The following concepts also form part of the theory material covered throughout the course.
  1. Principles and Mechanisms of Morphogenesis and Dysmorphogenesis
  2. Common Signaling Pathways Used During Development
  3. Human Birth Defect

Glossary Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology ANAT2341 Lab 5 - Online Assessment. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/ANAT2341_Lab_5_-_Online_Assessment

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G