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| =Week 1 to 3 Development=
| | PRACTICAL CLASS PROGRAM: |
| {{ANAT2341Lab2}}
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| | * Weekly Quiz + revision (15 minutes) |
| | * Practical class activities: (45 minutes) |
| | * Guest Lecture by [https://wch.med.unsw.edu.au/people/associate-professor-robert-gilchrist Professor Robert Gilchrist] (45 minutes) |
| | * Practical Class Revision (15 minutes) |
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| ==Oocyte Biology Research Unit==
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| [[File:Oocyte BMP15 and GDF9 effects.jpg|thumb|Oocyte BMP15 and GDF9 effects PMID 25058588]]
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| ! Associate Professor Robert Gilchrist
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| | Talk - The Reproductive Technology Revolution
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| | Dr Gilchrist’s primary research interests are in the regulation of mammalian oocyte development and maturation, and the development of novel oocyte maturation techniques for infertility treatment.
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| | [https://research.unsw.edu.au/people/associate-professor-robert-bruce-gilchrist UNSW Research Gateway] - [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Gilchrist+R%5BAuthor%5D PubMed]
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| ===Recent Article===
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| <pubmed>26254468</pubmed>
| | PRACTICAL CLASS ACTIVITIES: |
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| :"Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are oocyte-specific growth factors with central roles in mammalian reproduction, regulating species-specific fecundity, ovarian follicular somatic cell differentiation and oocyte quality. In the human, GDF9 is produced in a latent form, the mechanism of activation being an open question. Here, we produced a range of recombinant GDF9 and BMP15 variants, examined their in silico and physical interactions, and their effects on ovarian granulosa cells (GC) and oocytes. We found that the potent synergistic actions of GDF9 and BMP15 on GC can be attributed to the formation of a heterodimer, which we have termed cumulin. Structural modelling of cumulin revealed a dimerization interface identical to homodimeric GDF9 and BMP15, indicating likely formation of a stable complex. This was confirmed by generation of recombinant heterodimeric complexes of pro/mature domains (pro-cumulin) and covalent mature domains (cumulin). Both pro-cumulin and cumulin exhibited highly potent bioactivity on GC, activating both SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathways, and promoting proliferation and expression of a set of genes associated with oocyte-regulated GC differentiation. Cumulin was more potent than pro-cumulin, pro-GDF9, pro-BMP15 or the two combined on GC. However, on cumulus-oocyte complexes, pro-cumulin was more effective than all other growth factors at notably improving oocyte quality as assessed by subsequent day 7 embryo development. Our results support a model of activation for human GDF9 dependant on cumulin formation through heterodimerization with BMP15. Oocyte-secreted cumulin is likely to be a central regulator of fertility in mono-ovular mammals."
| | # Virtual human embryo dissections and histology |
| | # Embryo models and specimens of human developmental abnormalities (optional) |
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| :'''OMIM Links:''' [http://omim.org/entry/601918 GDF9] | [http://omim.org/entry/300247 BMP15] | [http://omim.org/entry/601366 SMAD2]
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| ==Objectives==
| | LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
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| # Identify the key features of fertilization.
| | * Understanding of reproductive technologies |
| # Identify the key features of week 1 development.
| | * Understanding of events during early ectoderm and mesoderm development |
| # Identify the key features of week 2 development.
| | * Understanding of the process of neurulation and neural crest formation |
| # Complete the individual assessment 2.
| | * Understanding of the adult components derived from ectoderm and mesoderm |
| # Group assessment project.
| | * Understanding the process of body cavity formation |
| | * Brief understanding of early heart formation |
| | * Brief understanding of abnormalities associated with early ectoderm and mesoderm development |
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| ==Fertilization Reviews==
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| # [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18649281 Review of sperm penetration through cumulus mass and zona pellucida]
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| # [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22054237 Review of sperm-egg interaction]
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| # [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22217572 Review of parthenogenesis]
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| ==Human development timeline==
| | PRACTICAL CLASS NOTES: |
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| [[File:Human development timeline graph 01.jpg|600px]] | | The Practical class notes are available on [https://moodle.telt.unsw.edu.au/mod/url/view.php?id=2398854 Moodle]. |
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| {{ANAT2341Lab2}}
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| {{2015ANAT2341}}
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