ANAT2241 Bone, Bone Formation and Joints: Difference between revisions

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* (dense) no spaces or hollows in the bone matrix visible to the eye.  
* (dense) no spaces or hollows in the bone matrix visible to the eye.  
* forms the thick-walled tube of the shaft (or diaphysis) of long bones, which surrounds the marrow cavity (or medullary cavity). A thin layer of compact bone also covers the epiphyses of long bones.
* forms the thick-walled tube of the shaft (or diaphysis) of long bones, which surrounds the marrow cavity (or medullary cavity). A thin layer of compact bone also covers the epiphyses of long bones.
{|
! colspan=2|Osteocyte
|-
| colspan=2|The mature bone-forming cell, which form the cellular component of bone and produce bone matrix. Differentiate from osteoblasts, mesenchymal cells that differentiate to form bone.
Note the osteocytes have cytoplasm extending radially into lacunae - '''canaliculi'''.
|-
| width=350px|[[File:Osteocyte 01.jpg|340px]]
| [[File:Osteocyte 02.jpg|380px]]
|}
<br>
<gallery caption="Unstained Bone">
<gallery caption="Unstained Bone">
File:Bone histology 201.jpg|Compact canals
File:Bone histology 201.jpg|Compact canals
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{{Bone terms}}
{{Bone terms}}


{{ANAT2241 footer}}
{{ANAT2241 footer}}
[[Category:Musculoskeletal]] [[Category:Bone]] [[Category:Histology]]
[[Category:Musculoskeletal]] [[Category:Bone]] [[Category:Histology]]

Latest revision as of 15:33, 18 June 2019

ANAT2241 course banner.jpg

ANAT2241 This practical support page content is not part of the virtual science practical class and provides additional information for student self-directed learning purposes. All practical class pages are located on Moodle - ANAT2241

General Objective

Skeleton dance.gif

To recognise bone and understand its structure and to understand the processes by which bone can be formed. To know the structures of a synovial joint and a symphysis joint (intervertebral disc).

Specific Objectives

  1. To know the architecture of compact and spongy (cancellous) bone, the structure of the Haversian system (osteon), the importance and position of Haversian and Volkmann’s canals, interstitial systems.
  2. To understand the arrangement of compact and spongy bone in a long bone.
  3. To differentiate between osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts and understand their roles in bone formation.
  4. To identify and describe the processes of intramembranous and endochondral bone formation.
  5. To identify the components of a symphysis joint (intervertebral disc).
  6. To identify the components of a synovial joint.

Learning Activities

  • Examine in the following virtual slides.
  • Identify, draw & label the structures in your course manual and note their function.


Virtual Slides: Bone, Bone Formation and Joints | Histology Drawings


Introduction

Bone-femur-c.jpg
Endochondral bone.jpg

Our adult skeleton forms from a larger number of developmental elements that are replaced and fuse. In development there are 2 separate signaling pathways for pattern formation and the formation of bone itself. Furthermore bone formation can be divided into 2 specific forms that occur in anatomically different regions. This practical class will describe the development and structure of bone and finish with a study of abnormalities associated with bone.

The image shown to the left shows a histological section through the developing lower limb at the level of a developing joint (knee), surrounding the developing bone are skeletal muscles and connective tissue of the limb.


Virtual Slidebox of Histology Decalcified rib, bone marrow | Developing bone | Paget's disease of bone

Skeleton Anatomy

--Mark Hill 14:45, 6 February 2013 (EST) This is a little cross-discipline for anatomy.

Axial skeleton.jpg Appendicular skeleton.jpg
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton

Bone Structure

Bone-structure.jpg


Terminology

  • Diaphysis - shaft
  • Epiphysis - expanded ends
  • Metaphysis - connecting region (between diaphysis and epiphysial line)
  • Medullary Cavity - (marrow) cavity within the bone.

More? Terms


Compact Bone

  • (dense) no spaces or hollows in the bone matrix visible to the eye.
  • forms the thick-walled tube of the shaft (or diaphysis) of long bones, which surrounds the marrow cavity (or medullary cavity). A thin layer of compact bone also covers the epiphyses of long bones.


Osteocyte
The mature bone-forming cell, which form the cellular component of bone and produce bone matrix. Differentiate from osteoblasts, mesenchymal cells that differentiate to form bone.

Note the osteocytes have cytoplasm extending radially into lacunae - canaliculi.

Osteocyte 01.jpg Osteocyte 02.jpg


Open the images below to see a detailed view of Haversian system (osteon)

Bone histology 022.jpg Bone histology 066.jpg



Trabecular Bone

  • (cancellous or spongy bone) consists of delicate bars (spicules) and sheets of bone, trabeculae
  • branch and intersect to form a sponge-like network
  • ends of long bones (or epiphyses) consist mainly of trabecular bone.

Periosteum

Connective tissue covering the surface of bone (except articular surfaces).

Periosteum.jpg

Endosteum

Connective tissue lining inner surface of bone.


Bone Growth

  • Appositional growth occurs at either the periosteum (outer surface), or the endosteum (inner surface).
  • Osteoblasts secrete osteoid, a pre-bone material composed mainly of type I collagen that becomes mineralized.
  • Early bone matrix deposited in development and during repair is woven rather than lamellar in appearance and structure.
  • In development, there are 2 distinct types of bone formation (intramembranous and endochondral)

Bone Cells

Osteoblasts

Mouse osteoblast 01.jpg

  • derive from osteogenic stem cells the osteoprogenitor cells that differentiate to form pre-osteoblast then osteoblasts maturing to an osteocyte
  • osteoprogenitor cells - "resting cell" line the inner and outer surfaces of bone

Osteocytes

  • mature bone-forming cells embedded in lacunae within the bone matrix
  • osteoblasts and osteocytes - secrete organic matrix of bone (osteoid), converted into osteocytes when become embedded in matrix (which calcifies soon after deposition)

Osteoclasts

Mouse osteoclast 01.jpg Osteoclast.jpg Bone remodeling cycle.jpg

  • bone-resorbing multinucleated macrophage-like cells
  • origin- fusion of monocytes or macrophages, Blood macrophage precursor, Attach to bone matrix
  • seal a small segment of extracellular space (between plasma membrane and bone surface), HCl and lysosomes secreted into this space by osteoclasts dissolves calcium phosphate crystals (give bone rigidity and strength)
    • Resorptive bay - (Howship's lacuna) shallow bay lying directly under an osteoclast.
  • do not mistake for megakaryocytes, found in bone marrow not associated with bone matrix.
    • megakaryocytes are also multi-niucleated and form platelets

Bone Marrow

Hematopoietic and stromal cell differentiation
  • red marrow - mainly haematopoietic (myeloid) tissue, newborn has all red marrow
  • yellow marrow - mainly fat cells, found in diaphysis region of long bones
  • stromal cells - all other support cells not involved in haematopoiesis

Chondroblasts and Chondrocytes

  • immature and mature cartilage forming cells located at articular cartilage regions.
  • Interstitial growth - occurs mainly in immature cartilage. Chondroblasts in existing cartilage divide and form small groups of cells (isogenous groups) which produce matrix to become separated from each other by a thin partition of matrix.
  • Appositional growth - occurs also in mature cartilage. Mesenchymal cells surrounding the cartilage in the deep part of the perichondrium (or the chondrogenic layer) differentiate into chondroblasts.


Links: Cartilage Histology

Bone Matrix

The bone matrix has 2 major components.

  • Organic portion composed of mainly collagen Type 1 (about 95%) and amorphous ground substance.
  • Inorganic portion (50% dry weight of the matrix) composed of hydroxyapatite crystals, calcium, phosphorus, bicarbonate, nitrate, Mg, K, Na.
    • storage calcium and phosphate
    • regulate blood calcium levels

Haversian Systems

Bone structure cartoon
  • also called osteons
  • Volkmann's canals - interconnect Haversian systems
Bone histology 001.jpg Bone histology 002.jpg
Low Power (x10) High Power (x20)

Lamellae

  • concentric - surrounding each Haversian System
  • interstitial - bony plates that fill in between the haversian systems.
  • circumferential - layers of bone that underlie the periosteum and endosteum

Cells

  • osteocytes extending cytoplasmic processes into canaliculi
  • Additional Histology images: low | medium | high

Endochondral ossification

Endochondral bone.jpg

Endochondral ossification slides: Developing bone | Bone, Developing (LS, Femur) Cat H&E

Dev Biology - endochondral ossification | endochondral ossification animation

Endochondral ossification.jpg Endochondral ossification 2.jpg

Ossification endochondral 1c.jpg Articular cartilage.jpg


Primary ossification

Mouse limb cartilage and bone E14.5L.jpg

Primary ossification in mouse limb (E14.5)

Gallery

Bone Histology: Cartilage Histology | Histology Stains | Histology | cartilage | bone | bone timeline
Compact bone Compact canals | Compact lamellae | compact bone - low unstained | compact bone - high unstained | compact bone - high unstained | compact - low | compact - low | compact - med | compact - high |
Trabecular bone trabecular | lamellar | trabecular - overview HE | trabecular - low HE | trabecular - med HE
Endochondral ossification primary ossification | endochondral ossification
Intramembranous ossification intramembranous - VG low | intramembranous - VG high | intramembranous - HE low | intramembranous - HE high

Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification slides: Head (Neonatal) Rat H& Van Gieson

Blue histology - intramembranous

Ossification centre.jpg Intramembranous ossification centre.jpg


Bone Histology: Cartilage Histology | Histology Stains | Histology | cartilage | bone | bone timeline
Compact bone Compact canals | Compact lamellae | compact bone - low unstained | compact bone - high unstained | compact bone - high unstained | compact - low | compact - low | compact - med | compact - high |
Trabecular bone trabecular | lamellar | trabecular - overview HE | trabecular - low HE | trabecular - med HE
Endochondral ossification primary ossification | endochondral ossification
Intramembranous ossification intramembranous - VG low | intramembranous - VG high | intramembranous - HE low | intramembranous - HE high

Human Fetal Head (12 week)

Fetal head medial.jpg Fetal head lateral.jpg

Meckel.jpg

Fetal head section.jpg

Histology Stains

Alizarin Red

  • an anthraquinone derivative used to identify calcium in tissue sections
  • calcium forms an Alizarin Red S-calcium complex in a chelation process and the end product is also birefringent.
  • reaction can also identify magnesium, manganese, barium, strontium, and iron may interfere
    • these elements usually in too low concentration to interfere with the staining

H&E

  • acronym for hematoxylin and eosin stain
  • hematoxylin - basic dye which colors basophilic structures with blue-purple hue (nucleus, DNA, RNA)
  • eosin Y - acidic alcohol-based which colors eosinophilic structures bright pink (cytoplasm, extracellular matrix, protein)

H&Van Gieson

  • Van Gieson's Stain is a mixture of picric acid and acid fuchsin used for differential staining of collagen and other connective tissue.
    • Nuclei - stains brownish black to black
    • Collagen (fibrous connective tissue) - stains pink or deep red
    • Muscle, Cytoplasm, RBC and Fibrin - stains yellow


Links: Histology Stains

External Links

External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.

Other Textbooks

Search

Cross-Discipline

Embryology

Musculoskeletal Links: Introduction | mesoderm | somitogenesis | limb | cartilage | bone | bone timeline | bone marrow | shoulder | pelvis | axial skeleton | skull | joint | skeletal muscle | muscle timeline | tendon | diaphragm | Lecture - Musculoskeletal | Lecture Movie | musculoskeletal abnormalities | limb abnormalities | developmental hip dysplasia | cartilage histology | bone histology | Skeletal Muscle Histology | Category:Musculoskeletal
Historic Embryology - Musculoskeletal  
1853 Bone | 1885 Sphenoid | 1902 - Pubo-femoral Region | Spinal Column and Back | Body Segmentation | Cranium | Body Wall, Ribs, and Sternum | Limbs | 1901 - Limbs | 1902 - Arm Development | 1906 Human Embryo Ossification | 1906 Lower limb Nerves and Muscle | 1907 - Muscular System | Skeleton and Limbs | 1908 Vertebra | 1908 Cervical Vertebra | 1909 Mandible | 1910 - Skeleton and Connective Tissues | Muscular System | Coelom and Diaphragm | 1913 Clavicle | 1920 Clavicle | 1921 - External body form | Connective tissues and skeletal | Muscular | Diaphragm | 1929 Rat Somite | 1932 Pelvis | 1940 Synovial Joints | 1943 Human Embryonic, Fetal and Circumnatal Skeleton | 1947 Joints | 1949 Cartilage and Bone | 1957 Chondrification Hands and Feet | 1968 Knee

Terms

  • canaliculus - (plural, canaliculi) small channel in the bone matrix in which an osteocyte process lies and communicates with other osteocytes and the Haversian canal.
  • cartilage - connective tissue from mesoderm in the embryo forms most of the initial skeleton which is replaced by bone. In adult, found on the surface of bone joints.
  • Cbfa1 - Core-Binding Factor 1 (Runx2) transcription factor protein key to the differentiation of bone OMIM: Cbfa1
  • centrum - the primordium of the vertebral body formed initially by the sclerotome.
  • clavicle - (Latin, clavicle = little key) bone which locks shoulder to body.
  • diaphysis - anatomical term that refers to the shaft of long bones.
  • endochondrial ossification - the process of replacement of the cartilagenous framework by osteoblasts with bone.
  • endosteum - inner layer of cells lining the medullary cavity of long bones and is highly vascularised. A similar cellular region and fibrous layer lies on the outside of the bone, the periosteum.
  • epiphysis - anatomical term that refers to the expanded ends of long bones.
  • extracellular matrix - material secreted by and surrounding cells. Consists if fibers and ground substance.
  • fibroblast growth factors - (FGF) a family of at least 10 secreted proteins that bind membrane tyrosine kinase receptors. A patterning switch with many different roles in different tissues. (FGF8 = androgen-induced growth factor (AIGF)
  • fibroblast growth factor receptor - receptors comprise a family of at least 4 related but individually distinct tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFR1- 4). They have a similar protein structure, with 3 immunoglobulin-like domains in the extracellular region, a single membrane spanning segment, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain.
  • haematopoiesis (Greek, haima = "blood"; poiesis = "to make") the process of blood cell formation. In the adult, this occurs only in the bone marrow. In the embryo this occurs in other locations (yolk sac, liver, spleen, thymus) until bone develops.
  • Haversian canal - the central canal of an osteon (Haversian system) in compact bone, within which blood vessels and nerves travel throughout the bone.
  • Haversian system - (osteon) the historic name for the functional unit of compact bone. Consists of a central canal (Haversian canal) surrounded by lamellar bone matrix within which osteocytes reside. Named after Clopton Havers (1650-1702) an English physician and anatomist. PMID 12999959
  • Howship's lacuna - (resorptive bay) the historic name for the shallow bay or cavity lying directly under an osteoclast. This is the site of bone matrix resorption. Named after John Howship (1781–1841) a British anatomist who identified this region in 1820.
  • lacuna - (Latin, lacuna = “ditch, gap” diminutive form of lacus = “lake”) lacunae is the plural, cavity in bone or cartilage for cell.
  • lamellar bone - the highly organized strong bone matrix deposited in concentric sheets with a low proportion of osteocytes. Many collagen fibers parallel to each other in the same layer. Replaces woven bone.
  • medullary cavity - (bone marrow) refers to the cavity within the bone, that is lined with cells (endosteum) and filled with bone marrow. in the adult, this can also be identified as either red or yellow marrow.
  • mesenchymal progenitor cells - (MPCs) cells able to differentiate in various types of connective tissue, including cartilage, bone and adipose tissue.
  • metaphysis - anatomical term that connecting region, that lies between the diaphysis and epiphysial line.
  • osteoblast - The mesenchymal cells that differentiate to form the cellular component of bone and produce bone matrix. Mature osteoblasts are called osteocytes. (More? Musculoskeletal Development - Bone)
  • osteoclast - Cells that remove bone (bone resorption) by enzymatically eroding the bone matrix. These cells are monocyte-macrophage in origin and fuse to form a multinucleated osteoclast. These cells allow continuous bone remodelling and are also involved in calcium and phosphate metabolism. The erosion cavity that the cells lie iwithin and form is called Howship's lacuna. (More? Musculoskeletal Development - Bone)
  • osteocyte - The mature bone-forming cell, which form the cellular component of bone and produce bone matrix. Differentiate from osteoblasts, mesenchymal cells that differentiate to form bone. (More? Musculoskeletal Development - Bone)
  • osteon - (Haversian system) the functional unit of compact bone. Consists of a central canal (Haversian canal) surrounded by lamellar bone matrix within which osteocytes reside.
  • pedicle - (Latin, pediculus = small foot) part of the vertebral arch forming the segment between the transverse process and the vertebral body.
  • periosteum - the cellular region and fibrous layer lying on the outside of the bone.
  • primary centre of ossification - the first area where bone growth occurs between the periosteum and cartilage.
  • resorptive bay - (Howship's lacuna) the shallow bay or cavity lying directly under an osteoclast. This is the site of bone matrix resorption.
  • sclerotome - ventromedial half of each somite that forms the vertebral body and intervertebral disc.
  • suture - in the skull a form of articulation where the contiguous margins of the bones are united by a thin layer of fibrous tissue.
  • woven bone - the first deposited weaker bone matrix with many osteocytes and a matrix disorganized structure. Replaced by lamellar bone. Seen in developing, healing and bone disease.
Bone Terms  
Bone Development
  • canaliculi - (singular, canaliculus) small channel in the bone matrix in which an osteocyte process lies and communicates with other osteocytes and the Haversian canal. Allow osteocytes to communicate with each other and to exchange substances by diffusion.
  • cartilage - connective tissue from mesoderm in the embryo forms most of the initial skeleton which is replaced by bone. In adult, found on the surface of bone joints.
  • Cbfa1 - Core-Binding Factor 1 (Runx2) transcription factor protein key to the differentiation of bone OMIM: Cbfa1
  • centrum - the primordium of the vertebral body formed initially by the sclerotome.
  • circumferential lamellae - compact bone layers that underlie the periosteum and endosteum (endosteal lamellae). (see concentric and interstitial lamellae)
  • clavicle - (Latin, clavicle = little key) bone which locks shoulder to body.
  • Cobb angle - clinical term for measuring axial skeleton abnormality. Measures coronal plane deformity on antero-posterior plain radiographs in the classification of scoliosis. Named after the American orthopedic surgeon John Robert Cobb (1903 - 1967).
  • concentric lamellae - compact bone layers surrounding each osteon. (see interstitial and circumferential lamellae)
  • desmal ossification - (intramembranous ossification) the process of mesenchyme directly ossifying into bone without a pre-existing cartilage template. Vascularised regions of mesenchymal cells proliferate and differentiate into pre-osteoblasts and then osteoblasts, occurs in parts of the skull and the clavicle.
  • diaphysis - anatomical term that refers to the shaft of long bones.
  • endochondrial ossification - the process of replacement of the cartilagenous framework by osteoblasts with bone.
  • endosteum - inner layer of cells lining the medullary cavity of long bones and is highly vascularised. A similar cellular region and fibrous layer lies on the outside of the bone, the periosteum.
  • epiphysis - anatomical term that refers to the expanded ends of long bones.
  • extracellular matrix - material secreted by and surrounding cells. Consists if fibers and ground substance.
  • fibroblast growth factors - (FGF) a family of at least 10 secreted proteins that bind membrane tyrosine kinase receptors. A patterning switch with many different roles in different tissues. (FGF8 = androgen-induced growth factor (AIGF)
  • fibroblast growth factor receptor - receptors comprise a family of at least 4 related but individually distinct tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFR1- 4). They have a similar protein structure, with 3 immunoglobulin-like domains in the extracellular region, a single membrane spanning segment, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain.
  • heterotopic ossification - (HO) a disorder of extra-skeletal bone formation that occurs as a complication of trauma or in rare genetic disorders. PMID28455214
  • haematopoiesis (Greek, haima = "blood"; poiesis = "to make") the process of blood cell formation. In the adult, this occurs only in the bone marrow. In the embryo this occurs in other locations (yolk sac, liver, spleen, thymus) until bone develops.
  • Haversian canal - the central canal of an osteon (Haversian system) in compact bone, within which blood vessels and nerves travel throughout the bone.
  • Haversian system - (osteon) the historic name for the functional unit of compact bone. Consists of a central canal (Haversian canal) surrounded by lamellar bone matrix within which osteocytes reside. Named after Clopton Havers (1650-1702) an English physician and anatomist. PMID12999959
  • Howship's lacuna - (resorptive bay) the historic name for the shallow bay or cavity lying directly under an osteoclast. This is the site of bone matrix resorption. Named after John Howship (1781–1841) a British anatomist who identified this region in 1820.
  • hyoid bone - part of the axial skeleton, is a U-shape bone in the neck that anchors the tongue and is associated with swallowing.
  • interstitial lamellae - compact bone layers that fill in between each osteon, interstitial lamellae, and do appear part of any Haversian system. (see concentric and circumferential lamellae)
  • intramembranous ossification - (desmal ossification) the process of mesenchyme directly ossifying into bone without a pre-existing cartilage template. Vascularised regions of mesenchymal cells proliferate and differentiate into pre-osteoblasts and then osteoblasts, occurs in parts of the skull and the clavicle.
  • lacuna - (Latin, lacuna = “ditch, gap” diminutive form of lacus = “lake”) lacunae is the plural, cavity in bone or cartilage for cell.
  • lamellar bone - the highly organized strong bone matrix deposited in concentric sheets with a low proportion of osteocytes. Many collagen fibers parallel to each other in the same layer. Replaces woven bone.
  • medullary cavity - (bone marrow) refers to the cavity within the bone, that is lined with cells (endosteum) and filled with bone marrow. in the adult, this can also be identified as either red or yellow marrow.
  • mesenchymal progenitor cells - (MPCs) cells able to differentiate in various types of connective tissue, including cartilage, bone and adipose tissue.
  • metaphysis - anatomical term that connecting region, that lies between the diaphysis and epiphysial line.
  • Moiré topography - clinical term for measuring axial skeleton abnormality. Measures spinal deviations using Moiré topography, a biosteriometric method producing a three-dimensional image of the shape of the trunk.
  • osteoblast - The mesenchymal cells that differentiate to form the cellular component of bone and produce bone matrix. Mature osteoblasts are called osteocytes. (More? bone)
  • osteoclast - Cells that remove bone (bone resorption) by enzymatically eroding the bone matrix. These cells are monocyte-macrophage in origin and fuse to form a multinucleated osteoclast. These cells allow continuous bone remodelling and are also involved in calcium and phosphate metabolism. The erosion cavity that the cells lie iwithin and form is called Howship's lacuna. (More? bone)
  • osteocyte - The mature bone-forming cell, which form the cellular component of bone and produce bone matrix. Differentiate from osteoblasts, mesenchymal cells that differentiate to form bone. (More? bone)
  • osteon - (Haversian system) the functional unit of compact bone. Consists of a central canal (Haversian canal) surrounded by lamellar bone matrix within which osteocytes reside.
  • pedicle - (Latin, pediculus = small foot) part of the vertebral arch forming the segment between the transverse process and the vertebral body.
  • periosteum - the cellular region and fibrous layer lying on the outside of the bone.
  • primary centre of ossification - the first area where bone growth occurs between the periosteum and cartilage.
  • resorptive bay - (Howship's lacuna) the shallow bay or cavity lying directly under an osteoclast. This is the site of bone matrix resorption.
  • sclerotome - ventromedial half of each somite that forms the vertebral body and intervertebral disc.
  • Scoliometry - clinical term for measuring axial skeleton abnormality using a Pedi-Scoliometer (Pedihealth Oy, Oulu, Finland) to measure spine deviation.
  • Sharpey’s fibres - (SF) “perforating fibres” provide anchorage for the periosteum and in tooth anchorage.
  • suture - in the skull a form of articulation where the contiguous margins of the bones are united by a thin layer of fibrous tissue.
  • trabecular bone - lamellar bone not forming Haversian systems.
  • woven bone - the first deposited weaker bone matrix with many osteocytes and a matrix disorganized structure. Replaced by lamellar bone. Seen in developing, healing and bone disease.
Other Terms Lists  
Terms Lists: ART | Birth | Bone | Cardiovascular | Cell Division | Endocrine | Gastrointestinal | Genital | Genetic | Head | Hearing | Heart | Immune | Integumentary | Neonatal | Neural | Oocyte | Palate | Placenta | Radiation | Renal | Respiratory | Spermatozoa | Statistics | Tooth | Ultrasound | Vision | Historic | Drugs | Glossary


Course Links

Moodle - ANAT2241 - 2019

Histology Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ANAT2241 Support | Histology | Histology Stains | Embryology Glossary


Common Histology Stains  
Histology Stains - Common Stains and Their Reactions
Stain
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Collagen
RBCs
Other
Haematoxylin
blue
-
-
-
mucins - light blue
Eosin
-
pink
pale pink
bright red
colloid - pinkmuscle - red
Iron Haematoxylin
blue/black
-
-
-
Van Gieson
-
brown/yellow
red
yellow
muscle: yellow/browncartilage - pink
Verhoeff's Elastin
black
-
-
-
elastic fibres - black
Tartrazine
-
yellow
yellow
yellow
Silver Impregnation
-
-
grey/brown
-
reticular fibres - black
Methyl Green
dark green
light green
light green
green
Nuclear Fast Red
red
pink
pink
pink
Gomori's Trichrome
purple/red
purple
green
red
keratin - redmuscle - purple/red
Heidenhain's Azan
red
purple/red
deep blue
red
muscle - red
Osmium Tetroxide
-
-
brown
brown
myelin, lipids - black
Alcian Blue
-
-
-
-
mucins, - blue
Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)
-
-
pink
-
mucins, glycogen, glycocalyx - magenta
Phosphotungstic Acid-Hematoxylin (PTAH)
blue
-
red
blue
muscle bands - blue
Masson's Trichrome
blue/black
red
green/blue
red
cartilage, mucins - blue or green; muscle - red
Luxol Fast Blue
-
-
-
variable
myelin - blue
Aldehyde Fuchsin
-
-
-
-
elastic fibres, mast cells - deep purple
Light Green
-
-
light green
-
Gallocyanin
dark blue
-
-
-
nucleic acids, Nissl granules - dark blue
Romanowsky (e.g. Leishman's)
blue
pink
acidophils - red, basophils - blue, azurophilic - purple
Aldehyde Pararosanilin elastic fibres - purple
Haematoxylin and Eosin
One of the most common staining techniques in pathology and histology. Acronym "H and E" stain. (H&E, HE).


Haematoxylin
  • Stains nuclei blue to dark-blue.
  • Stains the matrix of hyaline cartilage, myxomatous, and mucoid material pale blue.
  • Stains myelin weakly but is not noticeable if combined with eosin stain.
  • combined with Orange G (H & Or. G.) instead of eosin, specifically stains the granules of acidophilic cells of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary).
Eosin
  • Stains cytoplasm pink to red; red blood cells are also bright red.
  • Common counterstain to hematoxylin.
  • Stain intensity varies with the formula as well as the fixative.

Practical Support

Pages can be accessed from any internet connected computer.

ANAT2241 Support Links: The Virtual Microscope | Covering and Lining Epithelia | Glandular Epithelia | CT Components | CT Types | Bone, Bone Formation and Joints | Muscle | Nervous | Blood | Eye | Cardiovascular | Respiratory | Integumentary | Gastrointestinal | Gastrointestinal Organs | Lymphatic and Immune | Endocrine | Urinary | Female Reproductive | Male Reproductive | Histology Stains | Histology Drawings | Practicals Health and Safety 2013 | Moodle - 2019


ANAT2241 This practical support page content is not part of the science practical class and provides only background information for student self-directed learning purposes.


Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology ANAT2241 Bone, Bone Formation and Joints. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/ANAT2241_Bone,_Bone_Formation_and_Joints

What Links Here?
© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G