2017 Group Project 6: Difference between revisions

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==Early Brain Structure==
==Early Brain Structure==
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- primary
- primary
- secondary
- secondary
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==Cerebellum Development Stages==
==Cerebellum Development Stages==
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==Embryonic Cerebellum Development==
==Embryonic Cerebellum Development==
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==Third Trimester==
==Third Trimester==


=Developmental signalling processes=
=Developmental signalling processes=

Revision as of 00:22, 7 September 2017

2017 Student Projects 
Student Projects: 1 Cerebral Cortex | 2 Kidney | 3 Heart | 4 Eye | 5 Lung | 6 Cerebellum
Student Page - here is the sample page I demonstrated with in the first labs.I remind all students that you have your own Group Forum on Moodle for your discussions, it is only accessible by members of your group.
Editing Links: Editing Basics | Images | Tables | Referencing | Journal Searches | Copyright | Font Colours | Virtual Slide Permalink | My Preferences | One Page Wiki Card | Printing | Movies | Language Translation | Student Movies | Using OpenOffice | Internet Browsers | Moodle | Navigation/Contribution | Term Link | Short URLs | 2018 Test Student

Introduction

Basic anatomy of the Cerebellum

Neural Development

(z5114433) will fix referencing stuff later #ceebsrn

Neural development is one of the earliest systems to begin and the last to be completed after birth due to its highly complex structure. The first step in neural development occurs at the end of week 3 and involves the neural groove fusing to form the neural tube, which then folds to form the cranial and caudal region of the embryo, and ultimately form the cerebellum (https://discovery.lifemapsc.com/library/review-of-medical-embryology/chapter-26-embryonic-folding-and-flexion-of-the-embryo) . There is a high chance of neural dysfunction and defects during the fetal neural development particularly due to the long development time frame and the need of certain nutrients such as folic acid to successfully close the tubes. Neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida and anencephaly can arise if the tubes do not close effectively.

Microanatomy

- Purkinje fibers - Cortical Layers - deep nuclei - granule cells - other cerebellar cells

Early Brain Structure

z5114433 - primary - secondary - ventricles

Metencephalon

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Blood Supply

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Meninges

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Neurons

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<pubmed>21309081</pubmed> <pubmed>17786810</pubmed> <pubmed>19555291</pubmed>

Purkinje fibres; [1]

Cerebellum Development

z5076158 The development of the cerebellum begins between days 40 and 45 and it arises mostly from the metencephalon however the rhombic lips also contributes. The roof plate which is derived from the dorsal part of the alar plate thickens during development to become the cerebellum. The primary fissure deepens by the end of the third month and divides the vermis, which is the midline portion of the alar plate??, and two lateral bulges are separated into the cranial anterior lob and caudal middle lobe. As the lobes divide further into lobules, fissures are formed and this continues throughout embryonic, fetal and postnatal life, thus increasing the surface area of the cerebellar cortex. The most primitive part of the cerebellum to form is the flocculonodular lobe, which is derived from separation of the first transverse fissure and this functions to keep connections with the vestibular system and it is also concerned with subconsciously controlling equilibrium.

The two fundamental parts of the cerebellum are the flocculonodular lobe and the corpus cerebelli and these are separated by the posterolateral fissure.

The nuclei from the cerebellum are formed by a complex process of neurogenesis and neuronal migration. There are two types of grey matter in the cerebellum, the deep cerebellar nuclei and an external cerebellar cortex. There are 4 deep nuclei formed and the output of the cerebellar cortex are relayed through these nuclei, the ventricular layer produces 4 types of neurons that migrate to the cortex. The adjacent rhombic lips gives rise to cerebellar granule cells. [2] [1]

Cerebellum Development Stages

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Embryonic Cerebellum Development

==Fetal Cerebellum Development

Third Trimester

Developmental signalling processes

Mechanical Movement of Neurones from Metencephalon

Number of Divisions Determines Cell Type

Differentiation of Specific Neurones

Visualisation of Fetal Cerebellum

-Ultrasound

Historic Images

Abnormal Development

z5018156

z5076158 could be a good article to use - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22108217

References

  1. Schoenwolf, G.C., Bleyl, S.B., Brauer, P.R. and Francis-West, P.H., 2014. Larsen's Human Embryology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Journals

Reviews

Articles

Terms