2017 Group Project 1

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Student Projects: 1 Cerebral Cortex | 2 Kidney | 3 Heart | 4 Eye | 5 Lung | 6 Cerebellum
Student Page - here is the sample page I demonstrated with in the first labs.I remind all students that you have your own Group Forum on Moodle for your discussions, it is only accessible by members of your group.
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Cerebral Cortex

Stage 22 image 217.jpg

Mark Hill (talk) 15:59, 14 September 2017 (AEST) Feedback

  • lots of sub-headings, but no actual text.
  • no defined structure to the sequence of sub-headings.
  • no research images related to what is an extensively researched topic.
  • historic background of key research findings, put our understanding today in perspective.
  • Lon list of abnormalities, with no description.

Introduction

( Susannah )

What is it?

For concept: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNngOlsLuGI

You might find this helpful (although you need to request copyright permission):

"Difference Between Cerebrum and Cerebral Cortex." DifferenceBetween.Com. August 7, 2012. < http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-cerebrum-and-vs-cerebral-cortex/ >

Histology of Cerebral Cortex

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024757/ Z5177691 (talk) 22:37, 23 August 2017 (AEST)

Early Development of the Brain (and Nervous System)

( Eden )

For concept:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdN9i_ZWGho

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_-_Cerebrum_Development

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989000/ https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_System_Development

Development of Cerebral Cortex

( Anna )

Terminology

  • Corticogenesis:
  • Zones:
    • Ventricular zone
    • Subventricular zone
    • Cortical Plate
    • Preplate: neural progenitor cells split into 2 regions
      • Marginal zone:
      • Subplate:

Timeline

Nature article: https://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v9/n2/full/nrn2252.html

  • E10.5-- VZ (ventricular zone) single layer of cells- have feet that attach to cerebral wall and start dividing. Slightly polarized.
  • E11.5--cells begin to differentiate (PP/preplate) into “pioneer” neurons and move upward, laying molecular trail for subsequent differentiating neurons
  • E13.5--VZ cells form secondary progenitor population in SVZ, PP (preplate pioneer) cells split into 2 zones (MZ and SP)
    • MZ and SP cells tell newly differentiated and migrating cells where they are
  • E14.5-17.5-- deep layers populated first and then superficial layers later
    • The neuron senses the layer it is in and stops- condense in CP (cortical plate)

6 Layers

Layers I, II, III, IV, V, VI (see "Cortical Layer Review" Z5177691 (talk) 22:57, 23 August 2017 (AEST)


Cell Types

http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~lngbrain/Sidhya/

  • Radial Glial cells--in developing cerebellum, hippocampus, cortex
    • Migrating neurons glump onto radial glial to migrate- move up these RG cells
    • RG Cells for migrating neurons that extend from VZ to get to the outer part of the cortex.
    • Fibers that neurons use to migrate from VZ to their final destination
    • Allows dividing cells (projector neurons)- to migrate not randomly but radially.
    • Radial Glial Cells can divide as well→ overall process requires a lot of membrane

Cell Signaling

Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex

( Jess)

You might find this helpful (although you need to request copyright permission): "Difference Between Cerebrum and Cerebral Cortex." DifferenceBetween.Com. August 7, 2012. < http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-cerebrum-and-vs-cerebral-cortex/ >

Functions of the Cerebral Cortex

( Jess)

For concept:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6zQbTT0yoY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-m0JDCw6TE

Abnormalities associated with Cerebral Cortex Development

( Zainab )

DRAFT:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luXDQrmMoUU

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992410/
[1]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3547618/
[2]

http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(00)80749-7?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0896627300807497%3Fshowall%3Dtrue [3]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_nTggR7LTE [4]

A- Disorders due to abnormal proliferation, growth or differentiation of neuroblasts

1-Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD)

2-Hemimegalencephaly

3-Microcephaly

4-Tuberous Sclerosis

B- Disorders due to abnormal neuronal migration

5-Heterotopia

Subcortical band heterotopia Periventricular heterotopia

6-Lissencephaly

•undermigration; Classical (Type I) Lisssencephaly

•overmigration;Cobblestone (Type II) lissencephaly

Fragile X-Syndrome

Microlissencephaly

7-Kallmann Syndrome

C- Disorders due to abnormal cortical maturation and organization/folding

8-Polymicrogyria

9-Schizencephaly

•destructive lesions.

D- Disorders due to abnormal Integrity of the Pial Surface

10-Muscle-Eye-Brain Disease

11-Walker-Warburg

12-Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

13-Rett Syndrome

14-Corpus Callosum Agenesis

<html5media height="400" width="500">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zOa3LLrHKc</html5media> [5]

Group Discussion Area (temporary heading)

We are supposed to discuss the project here:

https://moodle.telt.unsw.edu.au/mod/hsuforum/view.php?id=1416354

INFO teachers gave (temporary heading)

PubMed Searches: Cerebral Cortex Development | Cerebrum Development

BMC Dev Biol Search: Cerebral Cortex Development

Recent papers

<pubmed limit=5>Cerebral+Cortex+Development</pubmed>

References

[Harvard Style]

  1. Squier, W. and Jansen, A. (2010). Abnormal development of the human cerebral cortex. Journal of Anatomy, [online] 217(4), pp.312-323. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992410/ [Accessed 23 Sep. 2017].
  2. Pang, T., Atefy, R. and Sheen, V. (2008). Malformations of Cortical Development. The Neurologist, [online] 14(3), pp.181-191. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3547618/ [Accessed 23 Sep. 2017].
  3. Christopher A, C. (2017). Genetic Malformations of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Neuron, [online] 23(1), pp.19 - 29. Available at: http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(00)80749-7?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0896627300807497%3Fshowall%3Dtrue [Accessed 23 Sep. 2017].
  4. Mahfouz, M. (2015). Imaging of cortical formation disorders - DRE 4 - Prof. Dr Mamdouh Mahfouz. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_nTggR7LTE [Accessed 23 Sep. 2017].
  5. Ezzo - Izzo, D. (2007). How the Body Works : The Corpus Callosum. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zOa3LLrHKc [Accessed 23 Sep. 2017].