2015 Group Project 3

FEMALE INFERTILITY: Definition

"Infertility is defined as inability of couple to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse.Various factors and conditions can contribute to female infertility, some of which are still unknown."

Adapted from <pubmed>26150870</pubmed>

Causes

The Genetics of Infertility: Current Status of the Field

<pubmed>PMC3885174</pubmed> This article attempted to determine the role that genetics plays in female infertility. It was noted that several prominent causes of female infertility such as Galactosemia and Primary Ovarian Failure (POF) were associated with specific genes, with the GALT gene contributing to the former condition and the FMR1 gene contributing to the latter.

Causes of Sterility in Bosnia-Herzegovina Population

<pubmed>PMC4499307</pubmed> The study conducted as laid out in this article examined the causes of female sterility in the Bosnia-Herzegovina population. Married participants were arranged into various groups based upon their age. The experiment came to the conclusion that in approximately 42% of infertile married couples, female sterility was the primary cause. The two primary causes of female infertility were tubal deficiencies (31% of cases) and Diminished Ovarian Reserves (38% of cases)

Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome

<pubmed>PMC3872139</pubmed> This research article examines the causes of polycystic ovary syndrome (POS), a common cause of infertility in women. The article concluded that 50-70% of women suffer from insulin resistance secondary to Type 2 Diabetes and in many cases obseity, which may contribute partially to POS. Furthermore, 85-90% of women with oligomenorrhea also had POS, suggesting that it is an underlying cause. However, the exact pathophysiology of POS was not determined.

Diagnosis

MR imaging of disorders associated with female infertility: use in diagnosis, treatment, and management.

MR imaging has extended its use to evaluating and diagnosing disorders related to female infertility, including ovulatory, fallopian tube, and uterine disorders, and also pelvic enometiosis. It is used in a variety of clinical settings by providing a clear vizualization of the pelvic region and is now useful in conjunction with other diagnostic techniques like laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and hysterosalpinogography.

PMID 14615553

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and hysterosalpingography in evaluation of female infertility.

In a group of 77 women evaluated, Laparoscopy confirmed 84% evidence of tubal disease and hysteroscopy confirmed 69% radiographic evidence of intrauterine abnormalities. IN contrast HS gave a false-positive rate of 16% and 31% respectively. Data suggests that laparoscopy is best detecting previously unsuspected tubal disease, and hysteroscopy with information of managing abnormalities. But for optimum evaluation, a combined approach of all three procedures is best.

PMID 6232154

Diagnosis and Management of Female Infertility.

Earlier assessment is best in women who have history of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, with key objective of assessment and diagnosis to rule out azoospermia, anovulation, or tubal obstruction. In order to do so an assesment of ovulatory function, uterine cavity, and tubal patency by HSG/laparoscopyis needed. Assessments like post coital tests, endometrial biopsies, and basal bdy temperature records are no longer a routine investigation.

PMID 14519712

Prevention

Impact of physical activity on ovarian reserve markers in normal, overweight and obese reproductive age women

<pubmed>25509968</pubmed> This study focuses on the effect of physical activity on fertility in three groups of women at reproductive age; normal, overweight and obese. The results from the study suggest that there was a marked improvement in fertility as shown by the ovarian reserve markers for all 3 groups, however it was most significant in the overweight and obese groups. This study is relevant to our project as it gives an insight into the preventative measures that can be taken for infertility.

Risk factors of polycystic ovarian syndrome among Li People

<pubmed>26276294</pubmed> This study examined the risk factors entailed in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrdome (PCOS) amoung Li people. Using the method of a case control study, questionnaires were given to female Li people with and without PCOS. Analysis of the questionnaires showed that family history of diabetes, family history of infertility, bad mood, lack of physical exercise are all high risk factors of PCOS. As a result, management of these risk factors can be taken into consideration when preventing infertility through PCOS.

Vitamin D and female fertility

<pubmed>24717915</pubmed> This article is a review focusing on research regarding Vitamin D and fertility over the past year. The review found that the levels of Vitamin D is crucial for women undergoing in-vitro fertilisation. It was also found that Vitamin D was beneficial for women with PCOS and carried a protective effect against endometriosis. These observations suggest that having sufficient Vitamin D in your body can be preventative for problems associated with fertility.

Treatment

The Effect of a Complex Multi-modality Ayurvedic Treatment in a Case of Unknown Female Infertility

This article documented a 38 year old woman's journey to giving birth, after she was advised that she was infertile (of unknown cause). The researchers detail the various modern day medical treatments she underwent to become pregnant, all of which were unsuccessful. She then decided to try holistic medicine in the form of Ayurvedic treatment, which consisted of meditation, a controlled diet and yoga. To the researchers' surprise, she became pregnant soon after, and gave birth to a healthy baby boy in 2012. The study comes to the conclusion that Ayurvedic medicine and successful birth rates do not show a strong correlation, and thus should not be favoured over standard medical treatments. However, they did state that holistic medicine could improve the overall wellbeing of the mother (in terms of stress and diet), which in turn increases the chances of becoming pregnant.

<pubmed>26278074</pubmed>

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Pregnancy Rate after Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation and Intrauterine Insemination for the Treatment of Endometriosis following Surgery

This study investigated various treatments available for women with endometriosis, and the rate of successful pregnancies and births in patients following their treatment. The researchers came to the conclusion that a woman's chances of becoming pregnant increased following laparoscopic surgery, particularly in the first six months following the procedure. If pregnancy does not occur, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination (COH-IU) should be the next option, due to its success rates.

<pubmed>26247014</pubmed>

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Time-limited Hydrotubation Combined with Clomiphene Citrate Treatment for Unexplained Infertility

In this experiment, 80 random patients with "unexplained inferility" were selected and treated with hydotrubation and clomiphene citrate (CC). Of the 80 patients, 15 became pregnant, with the researchers concluding that combined hydrotubation and CC treatment increased a woman's chance of becoming pregnant to a greater degree than just CC alone. Further tests need to be completed to strengthen the correlation between the treatment and outcome.

<pubmed>26152000</pubmed>

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Frequency and Outcome of Treatment in Polycystic Ovaries Related Infertility

This study examined treatments available to women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). It came to the conclusion that in overweight women with PCOS, weight loss, exercise and better lifestyle choices are the best treatments as they significantly increases pregnancy rates. Furthermore, clomiphene citrate (CC) and metformine combined treatments are highly effective in PCOS women, and should be one of the first options offered to a patient.

<pubmed>26150870</pubmed>

SIGN IN

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--Z3460352 (talk) 13:51, 28 August 2015 (AEST) --Z3462166 (talk) 13:51, 28 August 2015 (AEST)

2015 Student Projects
2015 Projects: Three Person Embryos | Ovarian Hyper-stimulation Syndrome | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | Male Infertility | Oncofertility | Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis | Students
2015 Group Project Topic - Assisted Reproductive Technology
This page is an undergraduate science embryology student and may contain inaccuracies in either description or acknowledgements.