2010 Lab 10: Difference between revisions

From Embryology
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=Therapeutic Use of Stem Cells - Practical Hurdles & Ethical Issues=
==Endocrine==
[[File:CSt3.jpg|left]]
== Introduction ==
This laboratory will be presented by a guest researcher '''Dr Antonio Lee''' and will look at the topic of stem cells, their therapeutic use, practical hurdles and ethical issues.


==Stage 13==


This topic is also covered in [http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/index.php?title=2009_Lecture_21 ANAT3231 Cell Biology - Stem Cells] in relation to stem cell research and applications.
{|
|-
| [[File:Stage 13 image 057.jpg|160px]]
| [[File:Stage 13 image 058.jpg|160px]]
| [[File:Stage 13 image 059.jpg|160px]]
| [[File:Stage 13 image 098.jpg|160px]]
|-
| [[:File:Stage 13 image 057.jpg|B1L]] Dorsal portion of hypopharyngeal eminence. Rathke's pouch derived from ectoderm anterior to the buccopharyngeal membrane ( rudimentary adenohypophysis).
| [[:File:Stage 13 image 058.jpg|B2L]] Dorsal portion of hypopharyngeal eminence. Rathke's pouch derived from ectoderm anterior to the buccopharyngeal membrane ( rudimentary adenohypophysis).
| [[:File:Stage 13 image 059.jpg|B3L]] Rudimentary thyroid ventral to aortic sac (also seen in B2, ventral to the hypopharyngeal eminence).
| [[:File:Stage 13 image 098.jpg|G7L]] (Close to midline in head region). Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain (with thin roof). Arrowed Rathke's pouch. Floor of pharynx with foramen caecum (the tongue has not yet formed).
|}


==Stage 22==


The laboratory will also allow time for work on the group online project.
{|
|+'''[[Carnegie stage_22 - serial sections|Stage 22L]]''' ''serial labeled images''
| [[File:Stage_22 image 055.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage_22 image 055.jpg|A6L]] Thalamus/hypothalamus.
|-
| [[File:Stage_22 image 058.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage_22 image 058.jpg|B2L]] Neurohyophysis and adenohypophysis. Remnant of Rathke's pouch (residual lumen) in adenohypophysis
|-
| [[File:Stage_22 image 059.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage_22 image 059.jpg|B3L]] Adenohypophysis.
|-
| [[File:Stage_22 image 066.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage_22 image 066.jpg|C3L]] Glottic region with cricoid cartilage and descending process of thyroid cartilage laterally.
|-
| [[File:Stage_22 image 067.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage_22 image 067.jpg|C4L]] Section damaged, but shows thyroid gland lateral to trachea.
|-
| [[File:Stage_22 image 068.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage_22 image 068.jpg|C5L]] Thyroid gland.
|-
| [[File:Stage_22 image 071.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage_22 image 071.jpg|D1L]] Thymus gland.
|-
| [[File:Stage_22 image 083.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage_22 image 083.jpg|E6L]] R,L adrenal glands under diaphragm
|-
| [[File:Stage_22 image 084.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage_22 image 084.jpg|E7L]] Large adrenal glands.
|-
| [[File:Stage_22 image 085.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage_22 image 085.jpg|F1L]] Adrenal glands. R. Kidney. Autonomic ganglia (partly the adrenal medulla precursors).
|-
| [[File:Stage_22 image 086.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage_22 image 086.jpg|F2L]] Kidneys (note retroperitoneal location). Cortex. Medulla. L. Adrenal gland.


[[File:Week 1_cartoon.jpg|thumb| Week 1 human development]]
|}
[[File:Inner cell mass cartoon.jpg|thumb|Inner cell mass]]


[[File:Hematopoietic_and_stromal_cell_differentiation.jpg|thumb|Hematopoietic and stromal cell differentiation]]
==Early Fetal==
[[File:Blood_stem_cell.jpg|thumb|Blood stem cell]]
Now observe in these cross-sections of the week 10 fetal head the structure and position of endocrine structures in the head and neck. It is also a time to observe the position of the cochlea.
[[File:Stem_cell_therapy.jpg|thumb|Stem cell therapy]]


== Objectives ==
{|
|+'''[[Fetal_Development_-_10_Weeks|10 Week Fetus]]''' ''head images''
| [[File:Human-_fetal_week_10_head_A.jpg|250px]]
| [[File:Human-_fetal_week_10_head_B.jpg|250px]]
| [[File:Human-_fetal_week_10_head_C.jpg|250px]]
| [[File:Human-_fetal_week_10_head_D.jpg|250px]]
|}


# Develop a general understanding of current landscape for the field of stem cell technology and therapeutics.
[[:File:Human- fetal week 10 head A1.jpg|zoom lateral head slice]]
# Able to identify the background, key advancement and future perspectives of a recent scientific break-through in stem cell biology.
# Engage in peer-discussions and share own views on potential ethical and moral issues around a particular scientific advancement.


==Stage 22 Selected==


== Lab Tutorial ==
{|
'''PART 1.'''
| [[File:Stage 22 image 156.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage 22 image 156.jpg|A7 CN5 and endocrine]]
|-
| [[File:Stage 22 image 158.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage 22 image 158.jpg|B2 pituitary]]
|-
| [[File:Stage 22 image 165.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage 22 image 165.jpg|C2 pharynx]] Overview of embryo (stage 22) neck region where high power sections is from in C3. Thyroid gland at top of image lying anterior and extending lateral to the trachea.
|-
| [[File:Stage 22 image 166.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage 22 image 166.jpg|C3 trachea and thyroid]] Thyroid gland.
|-
| [[File:Stage 22 image 168.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage 22 image 168.jpg|C5 thorax]] Overview of embryo (stage 22) chest region where high power sections is from in C6. Thymus gland at top of image anterior to section through aortic arch.
|-
| [[File:Stage 22 image 169.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage 22 image 169.jpg|C6 thymus]] Thymus gland.
|-
| [[File:Stage 22 image 183.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage 22 image 183.jpg|E6 gastrointestinal]] Overview of embryo (stage 22) at the level of the liver where adrenals are seen.
|-
| [[File:Stage 22 image 187.jpg|160px]]
| [[:File:Stage 22 image 187.jpg|F3 adrenal gland]]  Fetal and permanent adrenal cortex. The medulla of the adrenal gland is of neural crest origin and it is not yet encapsulated by the cortex.
|-
|}


Brief introduction and re-cap on general concepts in stem cell biology with a focus on therapeutic use of stem cells.
As an example, a pre-clinical project using stem cell engineering and chemotherapy to enhance stem cell engraftment for the treatment of muscular dystorphies will be discussed.


'''Slides:''' [[Media:ANAT2341_Lab10_08Oct2009.pdf‎|Stem Cells: Introduction & Therapeutic Use]]


'''Slides (4 per page):''' [[Media:ANAT2341_Lab10_08Oct2009(4pp).pdf‎|Stem Cells: Introduction & Therapeutic Use (for printing)]]
{{Template:Endocrine Links}}


With any new concepts or terms, please check [[#Terms|'''Terms''']] list below or the [[#Glossary_Links|'''Glossary''']].




'''PART 2.'''
{{Template:Hearing Links}}


In groups of 4, read the following news article links assigned to your group. Using web search engines and the relevant journal article associated with the news article, each member of the group should address at least one of the following questions from their assigned news article.


:Question 1. What is the background to the existing problem / disease condition?


:Question 2. What approach / method did the research team take to tackle / improve the problem?
==Group Projects==


:Question 3. What was the breakthrough / major advancement OR failure / drawback? and why might this be of significance?
Today the Group projects are finished and will now be locked for coordinator assessment.


:Question 4. What are the next steps in moving forward? What are the next or new hurdles to overcome?
{{Template:2010ANAT2341}}
 
 
:'''Group 1 :''' [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7262/full/461354a.html '''Developmental biology: Asexual healing'''] in Nature News and Views - Nature 461, 354-355 (17 September 2009) [[Media:ANAT2341_Lab10_2009_Group 1 Reading.pdf|Manuscript (PDF)]]
 
:'''Group 2 :''' [http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-09/uoc--sdc092809.php '''Scientists discover clues to what makes human muscle age'''] in EurekAlert! Public release 30 September 2009 [[Media:ANAT2341_Lab10_2009_Group 2 Reading.pdf|Manuscript (PDF)]]
 
:'''Group 3 :''' [http://www.myelomabeacon.com/news/2009/09/21/study-shows-mozobil-induces-mobilization-of-stem-cells-but-not-tumor-cells/ '''Study Shows Mozobil Induces Mobilization Of Stem Cells But Not Myeloma Tumor Cells'''] in The Myeloma Beacon Published online 21 September 2009 10:28 pm [[Media:ANAT2341_Lab10_2009_Group 3 Reading.pdf|Manuscript (PDF)]]
 
:'''Group 4 :''' [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=stem-cells-from-fat-cells '''Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Created from Fat Cells'''] in Scientific American Published online 8 September 2009 [[Media:ANAT2341_Lab10_2009_Group 4 Reading.pdf|Manuscript (PDF)]]
 
:'''Group 5 :''' [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090918111056.htm '''Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Retain Some Gene Expression Of Donor Cells'''] in Science Daily Published online 19 September 2009 [[Media:ANAT2341_Lab10_2009_Group 5 Reading.pdf|Manuscript (PDF)]]
 
 
== Lab 10 Assessment Questions==
 
Answer the questions shown below on your own student page.
 
:Question 1. Identify and name 3 tissue types which contain adult (somatic) stem cells that were used/studied from the above 5 articles.
 
:Question 2. Name 2 reprogramming strategies/methods used in generating human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from the above 5 articles.
 
:Question 3. Is the following statement TRUE or FALSE?
:"Unlike the nuclear genome, the mitochondrial DNA in the embryo is derived almost exclusively from the egg; that is, it is of maternal origin."
 
Questions are also shown listed on the Students Page [[ANAT2341_2009_Students#Lab_10_Questions| Lab 10 Assessment]]
 
 
== Terms ==
 
'''Tibialis Anterior (TA)''' - skeletal muscle situated on the lateral side of the tibia and is a direct flexor of the foot at the ankle-joint.
 
'''Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)''' - is a pennate muscle, situated at the lateral part of the tibia deep to tibialis anterior and is a direct extensor of the digits of the foot.
 
'''Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)''' - A form of motor neuron disease caused by the degeneration of motor neurons, the nerve cells in the central nervous system that control voluntary muscle movement. The condition is often called Lou Gehrig's Disease in North America.
 
'''Stem Cell Niche''' - is a phrase loosely used in the scientific community to describe the microenvironment in which stem cells are found, which interacts with stem cells to regulate stem cell fate. The word 'niche' can be in reference to the in vivo or in vitro stem cell microenvironment.
 
'''Satellite Cells''' - are small mononuclear progenitor cells with virtually no cytoplasm found in mature muscle. They are found sandwiched between the basement membrane and sarcolemma (cell membrane) of individual muscle fibres, and can be difficult to distinguish from the sub-sarcolemmal nuclei of the fibres.
 
'''BCNU (bis-chloronitrosourea)''' - Carmustine or BCNU is a mustard gas-related α-chloro-nitrosourea compound used as an alkylating agent in chemotherapy. It is used in the treatment of several types of brain cancer (including glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, medulloblastoma and astrocytoma), multiple myeloma and lymphoma (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin).
 
'''MGMT (O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase)''' - is a human gene and Methylation of the gene's promoter may play a significant role in carcinogenesis. A 2005 study showed that -- in patients with glioblastoma multiforme, a severe type of brain tumor -- the methylation state of the MGMT gene determined whether tumor cells would be responsive to temozolomide; if the promotor was methylated, temozolomide was effective. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15758010]
 
'''Temozolomide''' - is an oral alkylating agent which can be used for the treatment of Grade IV astrocytoma -- an aggressive brain tumor, also known as glioblastoma multiforme.
 
'''Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (QPCR)''' - Also called quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR/qPCR) or kinetic polymerase chain reaction, is a laboratory technique based on the polymerase chain reaction, which is used to amplify and simultaneously quantify a targeted DNA molecule. It enables both detection and quantification (as absolute number of copies or relative amount when normalized to DNA input or additional normalizing genes) of a specific sequence in a DNA sample.
 
'''FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization)''' - is a cytogenetic technique used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. FISH uses fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with which they show a high degree of sequence similarity.
 
'''Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) ''' - is a severe recessive X-linked form of muscular dystrophy characterized by rapid progression of muscle degeneration, eventually leading to loss of ambulation and death. This affliction affects one in 3500 males, making it the most prevalent of muscular dystrophies.
 
'''mdx mice''' - is a strain of mice that has a hereditory disease of the muscles caused by a mutation on the X-chromosome. It is used as a disease model for human muscular dystrophy.
 
'''Dystrophin''' - is a rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein, and a vital part of a protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the cell membrane.
 
 
==Timeline of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research==
 
* '''1878''' First reported attempts to fertilize mammalian eggs outside the body
* '''1959''' First report of animals (rabbits) produced through IVF in the United States
* '''1960's''' Studies of teratocarcinomas in the testes of several inbred strains of mice indicates they originated from embryonic germ cells. The work establishes embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells as a kind of stem cell
* '''1968''' Edwards and Bavister fertilize the first human egg in vitro
* '''1970's''' EC cells injected into mouse blastocysts produce chimeric mice. Cultured SC cells are explored as models of embryonic development, although their complement of chromosomes is abnormal
* '''1978''' Louise Brown, the first IVF baby, is born in England
* '''1980''' Australia's first IVF baby, Candace Reed, is born in Melbourne
* '''1981''' Evans and Kaufman, and Martin derive mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells from the inner cell mass of blastocysts. They establish culture conditions for growing pluripotent mouse ES cells in vitro. The ES cells yield cell lines with normal, diploid karyotyes and generate derivatives of all three primary germ layers as well as primordial germ cells. Injecting the ES cells into mice induces the formation of teratomas. The first IVF baby, Elizabeth Carr, is born in the United States.
* '''1984–88''' Andrews et al., develop pluripotent, genetically identical (clonal) cells called embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells from Tera-2, a cell line of human testicular teratocarcinoma. Cloned human teratoma cells exposed to retinoic acid differentiate into neuron-like cells and other cell types
* '''1989''' Pera et al., derive a clonal line of human embryonal carcinoma cells, which yields tissues from all three primary germ layers. The cells are aneuploid (fewer or greater than the normal number of chromosomes in the cell) and their potential to differentiate spontaneously in vitro is typically limited. The behavior of human EC cell clones differs from that of mouse ES or EC cells
* '''1994''' Human blastocysts created for reproductive purposes using IVF and donated by patients for research, are generated from the 2-pronuclear stage. The inner cell mass of the blastocyst is maintained in culture and generates aggregates with trophoblast-like cells at the periphery and ES-like cells in the center. The cells retain a complete set of chromosomes (normal karyotype); most cultures retain a stem cell-like morphology, although some inner cell mass clumps differentiate into fibroblasts. The cultures are maintained for two passages
* '''1995–96''' Non-human primate ES cells are derived and maintained in vitro, first from the inner cell mass of rhesus monkeys, and then from marmosets. The primate ES cells are diploid and have normal karyotypes. They are pluripotent and differentiate into cells types derived from all three primary germ layers. The primate ES cells resemble human EC cells and indicate that it should be possible to derive and maintain human ES cells in vitro.
* '''1998''' Thomson et al., derive human ES cells from the inner cell mass of normal human blastocysts donated by couples undergoing treatment for infertility. The cells are cultured through many passages, retain their normal karyotypes, maintain high levels of telomerase activity, and express a panel of markers typical of human EC cells non-human primate ES cells. Several (non-clonal) cell lines are established that form teratomas when injected into immune-deficient mice. The teratomas include cell types derived from all three primary germ layers, demonstrating the pluripotency of human ES cells. Gearhart and colleagues derive human embryonic germ (EG) cells from the gonadal ridge and mesenchyma of 5- to 9-week fetal tissue that resulted from elective abortions. They grow EG cells in vitro for approximately 20 passages, and the cells maintain normal karyotypes. The cells spontaneously form aggregates that differentiate spontaneously, and ultimately contain derivatives of all three primary germ layers. Other indications of their pluripotency include the expression of a panel of markers typical of mouse ES and EG cells. The EG cells do not form teratomas when injected into immune-deficient mice
* '''2000''' Scientists in Singapore and Australia led by Pera, Trounson, and Bongso derive human ES cells from the inner cell mass of blastocysts donated by couples undergoing treatment for infertility. The ES cells proliferate for extended periods in vitro, maintain normal karyotypes, differentiate spontaneously into somatic cell lineages derived from all three primary germ layers, and form teratomas when injected into immune-deficient mice.
* '''2001''' As human ES cell lines are shared and new lines are derived, more research groups report methods to direct the differentiation of the cells in vitro. Many of the methods are aimed at generating human tissues for transplantation purposes, including pancreatic islet cells, neurons that release dopamine, and cardiac muscle cells.
 
 
:Modified from [http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/scireport/chapter3.asp NIH - Stem Cells: Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions 2001]
 
== References ==
 
Lee et al. Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase-Mediated Drug Resistance-Based Selective Enrichment and Engraftment of Transplanted Stem Cells in Skeletal Muscle. Stem Cells (2009) vol. 27 (5) pp. 1098-1108 [[media:ANAT2341_Lab10_2009_Stem Cells 2009 Lee et al.pdf|Manuscript (PDF)]]
 
 
 
===Textbooks===
* '''Molecular Biology of the Cell''' Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter New York and London: Garland Science; c2002 Chapter 19 Cellular Mechanisms of Development p1037-1039 | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=mboc4.figgrp.4090 Figure 22-4. The definition of a stem cell] |  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=mboc4.figgrp.4119 Figure 22-19. Renewal of the gut lining] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=mboc4.figgrp.4092 Figure 22-5. Two ways for a stem cell to produce daughters with different fates]
 
* '''Molecular Cell Biology''' Lodish, Harvey; Berk, Arnold; Zipursky, S. Lawrence; Matsudaira, Paul; Baltimore, David; Darnell, James E. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co.; c1999 Chapter 23. Cell Interactions in Development [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=mcb.figgrp.7080 Figure 24-8. Formation of differentiated blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow]
 
* '''The Cell- A Molecular Approach''' Cooper, Geoffrey M. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc.; c2000  IV. Cell Regulation Chapter 14. Cell Proliferation in Development and Differentiation [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/books/bv.fcgi?db=Books&rid=cooper.section.2499#2501 Stem Cells]
 
===Search ===
 
* '''Bookshelf''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=Books&cmd=search&term=stem_cell stem cell] |
 
* '''Pubmed''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/gquery?itool=toolbar&cmd=search&term=stem_cell stem cell] |  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/gquery?itool=toolbar&cmd=search&term=stem+cell+marker stem cell marker] |  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/gquery?itool=toolbar&cmd=search&term=embryonic+stem+cell embryonic stem cell] |  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/gquery?itool=toolbar&cmd=search&term=mesenchymal+stem+cell mesenchymal stem cell]
 
==Links==
* '''UNSW Embryology''' [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/stemcell.htm Stem Cells] | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/stemcell3.htm Stem Cells - Ethics] |  [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/stemcell4.htm Stem Cells - Cord Blood] | [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/stemcell5.htm Stem Cells - Adult]
* '''Australian Stem Cell Centre''' [http://www.stemcellcentre.edu.au/ Australian Stem Cell Centre] | [http://www.stemcellcentre.edu.au/public-education.aspx Public Education] | [http://www.stemcellcentre.edu.au/public-education_fact-sheets.aspx Fact Sheets] | [http://www.asscr.org/ Australasian Society for Stem Cell Research]
* '''NIH''' [http://stemcells.nih.gov/ Stem Cell Information Home Page] | [http://www.nationalstemcellbank.org/National Stem Cell Bank (NSCB)] | [http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/2001report/2001report.htm Stem Cells: Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions 2001] | [http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/2006report/ Regenerative Medicine 2006]
*''' International Consortium of Stem Cell Networks''' [http://icscn.wordpress.com/ab''Italic text''out-icscn/ International Consortium of Stem Cell Networks] | [http://www.stemgen.org/mapworld.cfm Stem Cell Legislation - World Map] | [http://www.isscr.org/science/faq.htm FAQs]
* '''STEM CELLS Journal''' [http://www.stemcellsportal.com/ Stem Cells Portal]
 
{{Template:2009ANAT2341}}
 
[[Category:2009ANAT2341]] [[Category:Science-Undergraduate]]
[[Category:Stem Cell]]

Latest revision as of 07:59, 7 October 2010

Endocrine

Stage 13

Stage 13 image 057.jpg Stage 13 image 058.jpg Stage 13 image 059.jpg Stage 13 image 098.jpg
B1L Dorsal portion of hypopharyngeal eminence. Rathke's pouch derived from ectoderm anterior to the buccopharyngeal membrane ( rudimentary adenohypophysis). B2L Dorsal portion of hypopharyngeal eminence. Rathke's pouch derived from ectoderm anterior to the buccopharyngeal membrane ( rudimentary adenohypophysis). B3L Rudimentary thyroid ventral to aortic sac (also seen in B2, ventral to the hypopharyngeal eminence). G7L (Close to midline in head region). Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain (with thin roof). Arrowed Rathke's pouch. Floor of pharynx with foramen caecum (the tongue has not yet formed).

Stage 22

Stage 22L serial labeled images
Stage 22 image 055.jpg A6L Thalamus/hypothalamus.
Stage 22 image 058.jpg B2L Neurohyophysis and adenohypophysis. Remnant of Rathke's pouch (residual lumen) in adenohypophysis
Stage 22 image 059.jpg B3L Adenohypophysis.
Stage 22 image 066.jpg C3L Glottic region with cricoid cartilage and descending process of thyroid cartilage laterally.
Stage 22 image 067.jpg C4L Section damaged, but shows thyroid gland lateral to trachea.
Stage 22 image 068.jpg C5L Thyroid gland.
Stage 22 image 071.jpg D1L Thymus gland.
Stage 22 image 083.jpg E6L R,L adrenal glands under diaphragm
Stage 22 image 084.jpg E7L Large adrenal glands.
Stage 22 image 085.jpg F1L Adrenal glands. R. Kidney. Autonomic ganglia (partly the adrenal medulla precursors).
Stage 22 image 086.jpg F2L Kidneys (note retroperitoneal location). Cortex. Medulla. L. Adrenal gland.

Early Fetal

Now observe in these cross-sections of the week 10 fetal head the structure and position of endocrine structures in the head and neck. It is also a time to observe the position of the cochlea.

10 Week Fetus head images
Human- fetal week 10 head A.jpg Human- fetal week 10 head B.jpg Human- fetal week 10 head C.jpg Human- fetal week 10 head D.jpg

zoom lateral head slice

Stage 22 Selected

Stage 22 image 156.jpg A7 CN5 and endocrine
Stage 22 image 158.jpg B2 pituitary
Stage 22 image 165.jpg C2 pharynx Overview of embryo (stage 22) neck region where high power sections is from in C3. Thyroid gland at top of image lying anterior and extending lateral to the trachea.
Stage 22 image 166.jpg C3 trachea and thyroid Thyroid gland.
Stage 22 image 168.jpg C5 thorax Overview of embryo (stage 22) chest region where high power sections is from in C6. Thymus gland at top of image anterior to section through aortic arch.
Stage 22 image 169.jpg C6 thymus Thymus gland.
Stage 22 image 183.jpg E6 gastrointestinal Overview of embryo (stage 22) at the level of the liver where adrenals are seen.
Stage 22 image 187.jpg F3 adrenal gland Fetal and permanent adrenal cortex. The medulla of the adrenal gland is of neural crest origin and it is not yet encapsulated by the cortex.


Endocrine Links: Introduction | BGD Lecture | Science Lecture | Lecture Movie | pineal | hypothalamus‎ | pituitary | thyroid | parathyroid | thymus | pancreas | adrenal | endocrine gonad‎ | endocrine placenta | other tissues | Stage 22 | endocrine abnormalities | Hormones | Category:Endocrine
Historic Embryology - Endocrine  
1903 Islets of Langerhans | 1903 Pig Adrenal | 1904 interstitial Cells | 1908 Pancreas Different Species | 1908 Pituitary | 1908 Pituitary histology | 1911 Rathke's pouch | 1912 Suprarenal Bodies | 1914 Suprarenal Organs | 1915 Pharynx | 1916 Thyroid | 1918 Rabbit Hypophysis | 1920 Adrenal | 1935 Mammalian Hypophysis | 1926 Human Hypophysis | 1927 Adrenal | 1927 Hypophyseal fossa | 1930 Adrenal | 1932 Pineal Gland and Cysts | 1935 Hypophysis | 1935 Pineal | 1937 Pineal | 1935 Parathyroid | 1940 Adrenal | 1941 Thyroid | 1950 Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus | 1957 Adrenal


Hearing Links: Introduction | inner ear | middle ear | outer ear | balance | placode | hearing neural | Science Lecture | Lecture Movie | Medicine Lecture | Stage 22 | hearing abnormalities | hearing test | sensory | Student project

  Categories: Hearing | Outer Ear | Middle Ear | Inner Ear | Balance

Historic Embryology - Hearing 
Historic Embryology: 1880 Platypus cochlea | 1892 Vertebrate Ear | 1902 Development of Hearing | 1906 Membranous Labyrinth | 1910 Auditory Nerve | 1913 Tectorial Membrane | 1918 Human Embryo Otic Capsule | 1918 Cochlea | 1918 Grays Anatomy | 1922 Human Auricle | 1922 Otic Primordia | 1931 Internal Ear Scalae | 1932 Otic Capsule 1 | 1933 Otic Capsule 2 | 1936 Otic Capsule 3 | 1933 Endolymphatic Sac | 1934 Otic Vesicle | 1934 Membranous Labyrinth | 1934 External Ear | 1938 Stapes - 7 to 21 weeks | 1938 Stapes - Term to Adult | 1940 Stapes | 1942 Stapes - Embryo 6.7 to 50 mm | 1943 Stapes - Fetus 75 to 150 mm | 1946 Aquaductus cochleae and periotic (perilymphatic) duct | 1946 aquaeductus cochleae | 1948 Fissula ante fenestram | 1948 Stapes - Fetus 160 mm to term | 1959 Auditory Ossicles | 1963 Human Otocyst | Historic Disclaimer


Group Projects

Today the Group projects are finished and will now be locked for coordinator assessment.

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

Course Content 2010

Embryology Introduction | Cell Division/Fertilization | Lab 1 | Week 1&2 Development | Week 3 Development | Lab 2 | Mesoderm Development | Ectoderm, Early Neural, Neural Crest | Lab 3 | Early Vascular Development | Placenta | Lab 4 | Endoderm, Early Gastrointestinal | Respiratory Development | Lab 5 | Head Development | Neural Crest Development | Lab 6 | Musculoskeletal Development | Limb Development | Lab 7 | Kidney | Genital | Lab 8 | Sensory | Stem Cells | Stem Cells | Endocrine | Lab 10 | Late Vascular Development | Integumentary | Lab 11 | Birth, Postnatal | Revision | Lab 12 | Lecture Audio | Course Timetable


Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology 2010 Lab 10. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/2010_Lab_10

What Links Here?
© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G