2010 BGD Practical 6 - Quiz: Difference between revisions

From Embryology

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 {Which of the following sequences of embryonic disc mesoderm is most correct:
 |type="()"}
-- lateral to medial:extraembryonic - lateral plate - intermediate - paraxial
+- lateral to medial: extraembryonic - lateral plate - intermediate - paraxial
 - lateral to medial: lateral plate - paraxial - intermediate - axial
 + medial to lateral: notochord - somites - intermediate - lateral plate
 - medial to lateral: paraxial - axial - intermediate - cardiac
-||The [[E#extraembryonic mesoderm|extraembryonic mesoderm]] is outside the embryonic disc. Intermediate mesoderm is outside the paraxial layer. Cardiogenic mesoderm is a region of prechordal splanchnic mesoderm.
+||The [[E#extraembryonic mesoderm|extraembryonic mesoderm]] is outside the embryonic disc. Intermediate mesoderm is outside the paraxial layer. Cardiogenic mesoderm is a region of prechordal splanchnic mesoderm. Note - how I always mispronounce "paraxial" as "para-axial", it's a bad habit of mine, the correct pronunciation is "par" then "axial".
-{The spermatogenic epithelium is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
+{During embryonic disc folding in week 3 only the ectoderm layer folds ventrally left, right and above and below the notochord.
 |type="()"}
-+ true
+- true
-- false
++ false
-|| Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) does stimulate the spermatogenic epithelium and luteinizing-hormone (LH) stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells.
+|| During folding in the third week all three germ cell layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) fold together ventrally as described.
-{Gamete differentiation occurs while diploid in
+{Somites form regularly at the level of the body in the direction
 |type="()"}
-+ oocytes
++ rostrocaudally
-- spermatozoa
+- caudorostrally
-||Oocyte differentiation occurs while diploid (in first meiotic prophase), while spermatozoa differentiation occurs while haploid (after meiosis ends) in spermiogenesis.
+||In the direction from head (rostro) toward tail (caudal). This direction of development is seen in many other structures such as: neural tube neuropore closure (cranial then caudal); intermediate mesoderm (early kidney formation) and limb development (upper then lower limb).
-{Which of the following is incorrect about the block to polyspermy
+{The intraembryonic coelom is a horse-shoe shaped cavity that develops in the lateral plate mesoderm from a series of smaller cavities fusing. Which of the following descriptions best describes the structure that then forms in this region.
 |type="()"}
-- occurs after fertilization
++ somatic mesoderm close to ectoderm, the intraembryonic coelom and the splanchnic mesoderm closest to the endoderm.
-+ occurs when meiosis II is completed
+- somitic mesoderm close to ectoderm, the intraembryonic coelom and the splanchnic mesoderm closest to the endoderm.
-- occurs initially when sperm and oocyte membranes fuse
+- somatic mesoderm close to endoderm, the intraembryonic coelom and the splanchnic mesoderm closest to the ectoderm.
-- occurs when cortical granules are released
+- somitic mesoderm close to endoderm, the intraembryonic coelom and the splanchnic mesoderm closest to the ectoderm.
+- intermediate mesoderm medially close to somites and laterally close to the intraembryonic coelom.
+- none of the above.
-||Meiosis II does completes at fertilization, but it has no role in blocking polyspermy.
+||Yes trying to fool you with somatic (lateral plate) and somitic (paraxial) terms and the arrangement with germ cell layers. Remember that endoderm forms the gut epithelium and therefore splanchnic mesoderm which forms the associated connective tissue should be closer. The  description of intermediate mesoderm relative anatomical location is correct, but it is not part of lateral plate separated by the intraembryonic coelom.
-{Which of the following statements about the blastocyst is most correct
+{Select the correct options below for the structures formed by sclerotome
-|type="()"}
+|type="[]"}
-- the blastocyst forms from the 2 blastomere stage
++ vertebra
-- the blastocyst has a cavity lined with endoderm
+- dermis
-- the blastocyst stage occurs after hatching from the zona pellucida
+- limb bud cartilage
-+ the blastocyst has an embryoblast and trophoectoderm layer
++ intervertebral disc
+- skeletal muscle
-||The blastocyst has an [[E#embryoblast|embryoblast]], also called an inner cell mass, and a [[T#trophoectoderm|trophoectoderm]] or trophoblast  layer. The 2 blastomere stage develops into the morula and at the formation of the blastocoel is then the blastocyst. The cavity lined by endoderm is the yolk sac and occurs after the blastocyst stage. The blastocyst stage occurs both before and after after hatching from the zona pellucida.
+||Only the vertebral column structures are formed from sclerotome. Dermis and skeletal muscle form from the dermomyotome, dividing into the dermatome (dermis) and myotome (skeletal muscle).
+{The intraembryonic coelom finally forms
+|type="()"}
++ pericardial, pleural and peritoneal cavity.
+- single pericardial cavity and two pleural and two peritoneal cavities.
+- neural tube lumen, gastrointestinal tract lumen and neural crest.
+- the paired dorsal aortas running the embryo.
-{Select the correct options below for the process of implantation
+|| The intraembryonic coelom finally forms the 3 P's. There is only one peritoneal cavity. These other anatomical spaces have noting to do with intraembryonic coelom. The dorsal aortas form within the splanchnic mesoderm.
-|type="[]"}
-+ is driven by the trophoblast layer
-+ occurs following adplantation
-+ can occur inside and outside the uterine body
-+ allows endocrine support of the corpus luteum
+{Which of the following statements about placodes is most correct.
+|type="()"}
+- placodes form as patches of mesoderm only in the head region
+- placodes are part of the neural crest that will contribute to sensory structures
+- placodes contribute the upper and lower jaw structures of the head
+- placodes are associated with sensory development, except for hearing.
++ placodes are paired ectodermal regions.
-||Yes, all the above relate to the process of implantation.
+|| Placodes are paired ectodermal regions forming in the head region during week 4 and contribute to each sensory system. Neural crest does associate with sensory development, but not as the placode. The upper and lower jaw form from two separate regions of the first pharyngeal arch: maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower).
-{The extraembryonic coelom refers too
+{The important human cardiogenic event commencing during week 5 is
 |type="()"}
-+ amniotic cavity, yolk sac and chorionic cavity
+- heart tube fusion
-- pericardial cavity, pleural cavity and peritoneal cavity
+- heart looping
-- blastocoel, somitocoel and lateral plate coelom
++ heart septation
-- maternal lacunae, uterine gland lumen, uterine body cavity
+- heart valve development
+||Atrial and ventricular cardiac septation commences in week 5. Heart tube fusion occurs during week 3, heart looping in week 4 and heart valve development later in week 6 to 7.
-|| The extraembryonic coelom is the cavity lying outside the embryo forming the amniotic cavity, yolk sac and chorionic cavity. The intraembryonic coelom is the space inside the embryo lateral plate mesoderm forming the pericardial cavity, pleural cavity and peritoneal cavity. The blastocoel is the cavity inside the blastocyst before embryo formation. The somitocoel is the cavity forming inside the early somite before cell proliferation fills the space. The lateral plate coelom is the horseshoe space forming in the embryonic disc that gives rise to the the pericardial cavity, pleural cavity and peritoneal cavity. The maternal lacunae is the blood-filled space formed by the implantation process. The uterine gland lumen and uterine body cavity have nothing to do with embryonic spaces.
-{Which of the following statements is incorrect about the process of gastrulation
+{Select the correct options below for maternal dietary components directly important for neural development
-|type="()"}
+|type="[]"}
-- gives rise to the trilaminar embryo
+- lead
-- involves cell migration from the epiblast layer
++ vitamin B<sub>9</sub>
-+ extends from the primitive node to the buccopharyngeal membrane
++ iodine
-- occurs at the region known as the primitive streak
+- chlorine
-- generates endoderm and then mesoderm layers
+- vitamin B<sub>3</sub>
-{What are the two main early embryonic developmental roles of the notochord
+||Vitamin B<sub>9</sub> is folic acid or folacin or folate required for cell metabolism and neural tube closure. Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis which is required for normal neural development [http://www.healthinsite.gov.au/topics/Iodine HealthInsite - Iodine]. Lead in a high enough concentration acts as a [[T#teratogen|teratogen]]. Vitamin B<sub>3</sub> is niacin is a precursor to NADH, NAD+, NADP+ and NADPH play essential metabolic roles in living cells not just neural tissue. Chlorine is good for the pool or bleaching your clothes.
-|type="()"}
-+ mechanical role in embryonic disc folding and signaling for tissue patterning
-- formation of the nucleus pulposis and separating cloacal and buccopharyngeal membranes
-- gastrulation and neuralation
-- formation of the nucleus pulposis and intervertebral disc
-|| The notochord has a mechanical role in how the embryonic disc folds and releases a signal (sonic hedgehog) that patterns surrounding tissues. The nucleus pulposis does form from the notochord (much later in embryonic development) but the notochord does not separate the cloacal and buccopharyngeal membranes or form the intervertebral disc (from sclerotome of somite). Gastrulation and neuralation, you were asleep in the practical class or checking your facebook status.
-{Ectoderm refers only to the neural plate region of the trilaminar embryo
+{Which limbs are sensitive to teratogenic damage first
 |type="()"}
-- true
++ upper limbs
-+ false
+- lower limbs
-|| The entire layer of the trilaminar embryo is the '''ectoderm''' (meaning outer layer), the neural plate is only the central portion of this layer. Ectoderm forms the central [[N#neural plate|neural plate]] and the lateral parts form the [[E#epidermis|epidermis]].
+||The upper limb buds form first before the lower limbs and are therefore the earlier to be sensitive to environmental [[T#teratogen|teratogens]].
+{The bones of the adult skull form only by the process
+|type="()"}
+- intramembranous ossification
+- endochondral ossification
+- neither intramembranous or endochondral ossification
+- intramembranous and not endochondral ossification
++ both intramembranous and endochondral ossification
+- chondroblast cell replacement of osteoblast cells
+||Both intramembranous or endochondral ossification form different regions of the skull, the cranial vault forms by intramembranous ossification and the cranial base forms by endochondral ossification. Interestingly the lower jaw, which forms beside Meckel's cartilage of the first pharyngeal arch, forms by intramembranous ossification of the membrane surrounding the arch cartilage not by endochondral ossification.
 </quiz>

Latest revision as of 09:49, 20 June 2010

Here are a few simple questions that relate to your BGD practical, this page is not a part of today's Practical class. You should try in your own time after completing the Practical today.Take the quiz and see what you know, if you get some wrong, try working through through the 2010 BGD Practical - Implantation to 8 Weeks.

Take the Quiz

Point added for a correct answer:
Points for an incorrect answer:
Ignore the questions' coefficients:

1 Which of the following sequences of embryonic disc mesoderm is most correct:

	lateral to medial: extraembryonic - lateral plate - intermediate - paraxial
	lateral to medial: lateral plate - paraxial - intermediate - axial
	medial to lateral: notochord - somites - intermediate - lateral plate
	medial to lateral: paraxial - axial - intermediate - cardiac

2 During embryonic disc folding in week 3 only the ectoderm layer folds ventrally left, right and above and below the notochord.

	true
	false

3 Somites form regularly at the level of the body in the direction

	rostrocaudally
	caudorostrally

4 The intraembryonic coelom is a horse-shoe shaped cavity that develops in the lateral plate mesoderm from a series of smaller cavities fusing. Which of the following descriptions best describes the structure that then forms in this region.

	somatic mesoderm close to ectoderm, the intraembryonic coelom and the splanchnic mesoderm closest to the endoderm.
	somitic mesoderm close to ectoderm, the intraembryonic coelom and the splanchnic mesoderm closest to the endoderm.
	somatic mesoderm close to endoderm, the intraembryonic coelom and the splanchnic mesoderm closest to the ectoderm.
	somitic mesoderm close to endoderm, the intraembryonic coelom and the splanchnic mesoderm closest to the ectoderm.
	intermediate mesoderm medially close to somites and laterally close to the intraembryonic coelom.
	none of the above.

5 Select the correct options below for the structures formed by sclerotome

	vertebra
	dermis
	limb bud cartilage
	intervertebral disc
	skeletal muscle

6 The intraembryonic coelom finally forms

	pericardial, pleural and peritoneal cavity.
	single pericardial cavity and two pleural and two peritoneal cavities.
	neural tube lumen, gastrointestinal tract lumen and neural crest.
	the paired dorsal aortas running the embryo.

7 Which of the following statements about placodes is most correct.

	placodes form as patches of mesoderm only in the head region
	placodes are part of the neural crest that will contribute to sensory structures
	placodes contribute the upper and lower jaw structures of the head
	placodes are associated with sensory development, except for hearing.
	placodes are paired ectodermal regions.

8 The important human cardiogenic event commencing during week 5 is

	heart tube fusion
	heart looping
	heart septation
	heart valve development

9 Select the correct options below for maternal dietary components directly important for neural development

	lead
	vitamin B₉
	iodine
	chlorine
	vitamin B₃

10 Which limbs are sensitive to teratogenic damage first

	upper limbs
	lower limbs

11 The bones of the adult skull form only by the process

	intramembranous ossification
	endochondral ossification
	neither intramembranous or endochondral ossification
	intramembranous and not endochondral ossification
	both intramembranous and endochondral ossification
	chondroblast cell replacement of osteoblast cells

Quizzes

Retrieved from ‘https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=2010_BGD_Practical_6_-_Quiz&oldid=26484’

Categories:

Quiz
BGD