Week 1 - Revision history

Z8600021 at 00:31, 16 March 2020

2020-03-16T00:31:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:31, 16 March 2020
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	{{Week 1 Links}}		{{Week 1 Links}}
			==Carnegie Stages==
	{{Carnegie_stage_table_1}}		{{Carnegie_stage_table_1}}
			<br>
			Historic [[Carnegie Stages]] 1 to 4.
			<br>
			{{Carnegie stage 1 links}}
			<br>
			{{Carnegie stage 2 links}}
			<br>
			{{Carnegie stage 3 links}}
			<br>
			{{Carnegie stage 4 links}}

	{\| class="prettytable"		{\| class="prettytable"

Z8600021 at 19:40, 1 Ocak 2020

2020-01-01T19:40:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:40, 2 Ocak 2020
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	<references/>		<references/>


			{{#pmid:23261930}}

Z8600021 at 01:58, 6 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-06T01:58:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:58, 6 Mayıs 2018
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	The first week of human development begins with fertilization of the egg by sperm forming the first cell, the ~~[[#Zygote\|~~zygote]]. Cell division leads to a ball of cells, the ~~[[#Morula\|~~morula]]. Further cell division and the formation of a cavity in the ball of cells forms the ~~[[#Blastocyst\|~~blastocyst]]. These notes also cover events before fertilization formation of both the egg and sperm, gametogenesis.		The first week of human development begins with fertilization of the egg by sperm forming the first cell, the {{zygote}}. Cell division leads to a ball of cells, the {{morula}}. Further cell division and the formation of a cavity in the ball of cells forms the {{blastocyst}}. These notes also cover events before fertilization formation of both the egg and sperm, gametogenesis.

Z8600021 at 03:24, 19 March 2018

2018-03-19T03:24:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:24, 19 March 2018
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	:'''Links:''' [[Zygote]] \| [[Cell Division - Mitosis]] \| [[~~Quicktime Movie_-_Embryo_Mitosis\|Movie - Early Cell Division]] \| [[Quicktime~~ Development_Animation_-_Week_1\|Movie - Week 1 Cell Cleavage]] \| [[Carnegie stage 1]]		:'''Links:''' [[Zygote]] \| [[Cell Division - Mitosis]] \| [[Development_Animation_-_Week_1\|Movie - Week 1 Cell Cleavage]] \| [[Carnegie stage 1]]

	== Morula ==		== Morula ==

Z8600021 at 22:56, 7 March 2018

2018-03-07T22:56:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:56, 8 March 2018
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	<references/>		<references/>


	~~----~~

Z8600021 at 22:56, 7 March 2018

2018-03-07T22:56:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:56, 8 March 2018
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	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|
	* '''Different regulatory mechanisms between mouse and human embryo pre-implantation development'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~20459759~~</pubmed>\| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2876170 PMC2876170]~~ \| ~~[http://www.rbej.com/content/8/1/41 Reprod Biol Endocrinol.]</ref>~~ "There were differences between mouse and human pre-implantation development both in the global gene expression pattern and in the expression changes of individual genes at each stage, including different major transient waves of transcription profiles and some stage-specific genes and significantly related pathways. There also appeared to be different functional changes from one stage to another between mouse and human."		* '''Different regulatory mechanisms between mouse and human embryo pre-implantation development'''{{#pmid:20459759\|PMID20459759}} "There were differences between mouse and human pre-implantation development both in the global gene expression pattern and in the expression changes of individual genes at each stage, including different major transient waves of transcription profiles and some stage-specific genes and significantly related pathways. There also appeared to be different functional changes from one stage to another between mouse and human."
	\|}		\|}

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	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Human zygote pronuclei'''		\| '''Human zygote pronuclei'''
	\| '''Mouse zygote pronuclei'''~~<ref name=PMID21321204><pubmed>~~21321204~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2132672 PMC2132672] \| [http://www.pnas.org/content/108/9/3642.abstract PNAS]</ref>~~		\| '''Mouse zygote pronuclei'''{{#pmid:21321204\|PMID21321204}}
	\|}		\|}

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	[[File:Zygote_pronuclei_stages_01.jpg\|600px\|alt=Zygote pronuclei stages]]		[[File:Zygote_pronuclei_stages_01.jpg\|600px\|alt=Zygote pronuclei stages]]

	Within the early zygote, at the 2 pronuclei stage, the male pronucleus is "reprogrammed" by the demethylation of the paternal genome. Image sequence shows the mouse zygote at pronuclear stages~~<ref name=PMID21321204><pubmed>~~21321204~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2132672 PMC2132672] \| [http://www.pnas.org/content/108/9/3642.abstract PNAS]</ref>~~, where the male pronucleus initially contains methylcytosine (5mC, red) oxidises to form hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC, green).		Within the early zygote, at the 2 pronuclei stage, the male pronucleus is "reprogrammed" by the demethylation of the paternal genome. Image sequence shows the mouse zygote at pronuclear stages{{#pmid:21321204\|PMID21321204}}, where the male pronucleus initially contains methylcytosine (5mC, red) oxidises to form hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC, green).

	* PN1/PN2 (Early)		* PN1/PN2 (Early)
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	==Cleavage of Zygote==		==Cleavage of Zygote==
	'''Mouse zygote mitosis'''~~<ref name=PMID21321204><pubmed>~~21321204~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2132672 PMC2132672] \| [http://www.pnas.org/content/108/9/3642.abstract PNAS]</ref>~~		'''Mouse zygote mitosis'''{{#pmid:21321204\|PMID21321204}}
	{\|		{\|
	\| [[File:Mouse_zygote_mitosis_metaphase.jpg\|300px\|alt=Mouse zygote mitosis metaphase]]		\| [[File:Mouse_zygote_mitosis_metaphase.jpg\|300px\|alt=Mouse zygote mitosis metaphase]]
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	== Morula ==		== Morula ==
	[[File:Human embryo day 2.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|alt=Human morula day 2\|Human morula (day 2)~~<ref name="PMID19924284"><pubmed>~~19924284~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2773928 PMC2773928] \| [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007844 PLoS One]</ref>~~]]		[[File:Human embryo day 2.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|alt=Human morula day 2\|Human morula (day 2){{#pmid:19924284\|PMID19924284}}]]
	[[Carnegie stage 2]]		[[Carnegie stage 2]]

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	===Genome Expression===		===Genome Expression===
	The following figure is from a recent study~~<ref name="PMID20890283"><pubmed>~~20890283~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nbt.1686.html Nat Biotechnol.]</ref>~~ using video and genetic analysis of ''in vitro'' human development during week 1 following fertilization.		The following figure is from a recent study{{#pmid:20890283\|PMID20890283}} using video and genetic analysis of ''in vitro'' human development during week 1 following fertilization.

	[[File:Model human blastocyst development.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:Model human blastocyst development.jpg\|600px]]
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	===Telomere Length===		===Telomere Length===
	A recent paper has measured telomere length in human oocyte (GV, germinal vesicle), morula and blastocyst and found changes in this length in preimplantation embryos.~~<ref name="PMID20573647"><pubmed>~~20573647~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2930518 PMC2930518] \| [http://molehr.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/9/685.long Mol Hum Reprod.]</ref>~~ Telomeres are the regions found at the ends of each chromosome and involved in cellular ageing and the capacity for division. The regions consist of repeated sequences protecting the ends of chromosomes and harbour DNA repair proteins. In the absence of the enzyme telomerase, these regions shorten during each cell division and becoming critically short, cell senescence occurs.		A recent paper has measured telomere length in human oocyte (GV, germinal vesicle), morula and blastocyst and found changes in this length in preimplantation embryos.{{#pmid:20573647\|PMID20573647}} Telomeres are the regions found at the ends of each chromosome and involved in cellular ageing and the capacity for division. The regions consist of repeated sequences protecting the ends of chromosomes and harbour DNA repair proteins. In the absence of the enzyme telomerase, these regions shorten during each cell division and becoming critically short, cell senescence occurs.
	{\|		{\|
	\| [[File:Early_human_telomeres.jpg\|400px]]		\| [[File:Early_human_telomeres.jpg\|400px]]
	\| [[File:Early_human_telomere_length.jpg\|400px]]		\| [[File:Early_human_telomere_length.jpg\|400px]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| Early human telomeres~~<ref name="~~PMID20573647~~" />~~		\| Early human telomeres{{#pmid:20573647\|PMID20573647}}
	\| Early human telomere length~~<ref name="~~PMID20573647~~" />~~		\| Early human telomere length{{#pmid:20573647\|PMID20573647}}
	\|}		\|}

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	\|}		\|}

	Table based upon: Twinning. Hall JG. ~~<ref><pubmed>~~12957099~~</pubmed></ref>~~		Table based upon: Twinning. Hall JG. {{#pmid:12957099\|PMID12957099}}

	==References==		==References==

Z8600021 at 02:13, 9 Haziran 2016

2016-06-09T02:13:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:13, 9 Haziran 2016
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	{{Week 1 Links}}		{{Week 1 Links}}

			{{Carnegie_stage_table_1}}
	{{~~Week~~}}

	~~:[[Carnegie_stage_table\|'''Carnegie Stages''']]: [[Carnegie_stage_1\|1]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_2\|2]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_3\|3]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_4\|4]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_5\|5]]~~

	{\| class="prettytable"		{\| class="prettytable"

Z8600021 at 01:23, 9 Haziran 2016

2016-06-09T01:23:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 9 Haziran 2016
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	:{{Week}}		{{Week}}

	:[[Carnegie_stage_table\|'''Carnegie Stages''']]: [[Carnegie_stage_1\|1]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_2\|2]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_3\|3]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_4\|4]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_5\|5]]		:[[Carnegie_stage_table\|'''Carnegie Stages''']]: [[Carnegie_stage_1\|1]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_2\|2]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_3\|3]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_4\|4]] \| [[Carnegie_stage_5\|5]]

Z8600021 at 22:23, 8 July 2014

2014-07-08T22:23:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:23, 9 July 2014
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	[[File:Week1 summary.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Week 1 and 2 development cartoon\|300px\|Week 1 and 2 development]]		[[File:Week1 summary.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Week 1 and 2 development cartoon\|300px\|Week 1 and 2 development]]
	Key Events of Human Development during the first week ([[Category:Week 1\|week 1]]) following fertilization or clinical [[Gestational Age\|gestational age]] {{GA}} '''week 3''', based upon the last menstrual period.		Key Events of Human Development during the first week ([[:Category:Week 1\|week 1]]) following fertilization or clinical [[Gestational Age\|gestational age]] {{GA}} '''week 3''', based upon the last menstrual period.

Z8600021 at 22:23, 8 July 2014

2014-07-08T22:23:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:23, 9 July 2014
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	[[File:Week1 summary.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Week 1 and 2 development cartoon\|300px\|Week 1 and 2 development]]		[[File:Week1 summary.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Week 1 and 2 development cartoon\|300px\|Week 1 and 2 development]]
	Key Events of Human Development during the first week (~~'''~~week 1~~'''~~) following fertilization or clinical [[Gestational Age\|gestational age]] {{GA}} '''week 3''', based upon the last menstrual period.		Key Events of Human Development during the first week ([[Category:Week 1\|week 1]]) following fertilization or clinical [[Gestational Age\|gestational age]] {{GA}} '''week 3''', based upon the last menstrual period.