Uterus Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 07:50, 5 April 2020

2020-04-05T07:50:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:50, 5 April 2020
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			* '''Review - Müllerian duct anomalies coincident with endometriosis'''{{#pmid:32179978\|PMID32179978}} "The association between obstructed müllerian duct anomalies and endometriosis has been well established and the pathogenesis is attributed to the theory of retrograde menstruation. However, this relationship with endometriosis is less clear in women with unobstructed müllerian duct anomalies and in those with rudimentary uterine structures that lack functioning endometrial tissue. This article reviews the embryology, genetics, pathophysiology, and American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification for müllerian duct anomalies together with the genetics and pathophysiology of endometriosis to provide a framework for understanding the complex relationship between these two entities. Available published data examining the coexistence of endometriosis in relationship to müllerian duct anomalies, including studies that stratify this relationship according to specific classes of anomalies, are reviewed and organized. Awareness of the increased prevalence of endometriosis among patients with uterine anomalies, particularly those with outflow obstruction, may facilitate early diagnosis of endometriosis and subsequent intervention, with the potential to reverse disease symptoms and arrest disease progression."

	* '''The histone methyltransferase [https://www.omim.org/entry/601573 EZH2] is required for normal uterine development and function in mice'''{{#pmid:31201420\|PMID31201420}} "Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 ([https://www.omim.org/entry/601573 EZH2]) is a rate-limiting catalytic subunit of a histone methyltransferase, polycomb repressive complex, which silences gene activity through the repressive histone mark H3K27me3. EZH2 is critical for epigenetic effects of early estrogen treatment, and may be involved in uterine development and pathologies. We investigated EZH2 expression, regulation and its role in uterine development/function. Uterine epithelial EZH2 expression was associated with proliferation and was high neonatally then declined by weaning. ...In summary, uterine EZH2 expression is developmentally and hormonally regulated, and its loss causes aberrant uterine epithelial proliferation, uterine hypertrophy and cystic endometrial hyperplasia, indicating a critical role in uterine development and function."		* '''The histone methyltransferase [https://www.omim.org/entry/601573 EZH2] is required for normal uterine development and function in mice'''{{#pmid:31201420\|PMID31201420}} "Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 ([https://www.omim.org/entry/601573 EZH2]) is a rate-limiting catalytic subunit of a histone methyltransferase, polycomb repressive complex, which silences gene activity through the repressive histone mark H3K27me3. EZH2 is critical for epigenetic effects of early estrogen treatment, and may be involved in uterine development and pathologies. We investigated EZH2 expression, regulation and its role in uterine development/function. Uterine epithelial EZH2 expression was associated with proliferation and was high neonatally then declined by weaning. ...In summary, uterine EZH2 expression is developmentally and hormonally regulated, and its loss causes aberrant uterine epithelial proliferation, uterine hypertrophy and cystic endometrial hyperplasia, indicating a critical role in uterine development and function."

Z8600021 at 05:50, 9 March 2020

2020-03-09T05:50:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 9 March 2020
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	===Reviews===		===Reviews===
			{{#pmid:32127135}}

	{{#pmid:16208476}}		{{#pmid:16208476}}

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	* '''cervical cerclage''' - A clinical birth procedure involving circumferential banding or suture of the cervix early (between 12 -14 weeks) or when required to prevent or treat passive dilation prior to completion of pregnancy (37 weeks), described as [[C#cervical insufficiency\|cervical insufficiency]].		* '''cervical cerclage''' - A clinical birth procedure involving circumferential banding or suture of the cervix early (between 12 -14 weeks) or when required to prevent or treat passive dilation prior to completion of pregnancy (37 weeks), described as [[C#cervical insufficiency\|cervical insufficiency]].

	* '''cervical insufficiency''' - (CI) A clinical term describing a painless and progressive dilatation and effacement of the [[C#cervix\|cervix]] that may lead to second trimester abortions or preterm delivery. It has also been described as inability of the uterine [[C#cervix\|cervix]] to retain a pregnancy in the absence of uterine contractions. The condition may in some instances treated clinically by [[C#cervical cerclage\|cervical cerclage]]. The biological basis is currently undetermined with some evidence showing a genetic relationship.		* '''cervical insufficiency''' - (CI) A clinical term describing a painless and progressive dilatation and effacement of the [[C#cervix\|cervix]] that may lead to second trimester abortions or preterm delivery. It has also been described as inability of the uterine [[C#cervix\|cervix]] to retain a pregnancy in the absence of uterine contractions. The condition may in some instances treated clinically by [[C#cervical cerclage\|cervical cerclage]]. The biological basis is currently undetermined with some evidence showing a genetic relationship.

	* '''cervical length''' - There is some data that shows the risk of spontaneous preterm labour and delivery increases in women who have a short cervix PMID 8569824.		* '''cervical length''' - There is some data that shows the risk of spontaneous preterm labour and delivery increases in women who have a short cervix PMID 8569824.

	* '''cervical mucus plug''' - (CMP) During early pregnancy, maternal glands located at the cervical junction between vagina and [[U#uterus\|uterus]] secrete mucus that forms a plug or barrier between these two structures.		* '''cervical mucus plug''' - (CMP) During early pregnancy, maternal glands located at the cervical junction between vagina and [[U#uterus\|uterus]] secrete mucus that forms a plug or barrier between these two structures.
	* '''cervical pregnancy''' - A rare type of ~~[[E#~~ectopic pregnancy~~\|ectopic pregnancy]]~~ with implantation at the cervical canal, occurring with an incidence ranging between 1:1,000 and 1:18,000 pregnancies. Clinically, when an associated haemorrhage occurs a hysterectomy is usually performed.
			* '''cervical pregnancy''' - A rare type of {{ectopic pregnancy}} with implantation at the cervical canal, occurring with an incidence ranging between 1:1,000 and 1:18,000 pregnancies. Clinically, when an associated haemorrhage occurs a hysterectomy is usually performed.

	* '''cervical ripening''' - Clinical birth term describing the hormonal softening of the [[C#cervix\|cervix]] to allow expansion in preparation for birth.		* '''cervical ripening''' - Clinical birth term describing the hormonal softening of the [[C#cervix\|cervix]] to allow expansion in preparation for birth.
	* '''cervix''' - (Latin, ''cervix'' = neck) The female anatomical region of the [[U#uterus\|uterus]] forming a canal that opens and connects to the ~~[[V#~~vagina~~\|vagina]]~~.
			* '''cervix''' - (Latin, ''cervix'' = neck) The female anatomical region of the [[U#uterus\|uterus]] forming a canal that opens and connects to the {{vagina}}.

	* '''fallopian tube obstruction''' - (tubal occlusion) A blockage of the uterine tube that can affect fertility due to a pathologic occlusion, spasm or plugging and also be either unilateral (single tube) or bilateral (both tubes). Described anatomically as in the proximal, the mid or the distal part of the tube.		* '''fallopian tube obstruction''' - (tubal occlusion) A blockage of the uterine tube that can affect fertility due to a pathologic occlusion, spasm or plugging and also be either unilateral (single tube) or bilateral (both tubes). Described anatomically as in the proximal, the mid or the distal part of the tube.

	* '''fundus''' - (Latin, ''fundus'' = "bottom") Top part of the uterus body lying between the two uterine tubes and a common implantation site.		* '''fundus''' - (Latin, ''fundus'' = "bottom") Top part of the uterus body lying between the two uterine tubes and a common implantation site.

	* '''hysterosalpingography''' - A clinical diagnostic technique used to visualise the uterine cavity by X-ray.		* '''hysterosalpingography''' - A clinical diagnostic technique used to visualise the uterine cavity by X-ray.

	* '''hysteroscopy''' - A clinical diagnostic technique used to visualise the uterine cavity by a camera or video.		* '''hysteroscopy''' - A clinical diagnostic technique used to visualise the uterine cavity by a camera or video.

	* '''peg-cell''' - (resting secretory cell) A histological term for the non-ciliated secretory epithelial cells located within the uterus.		* '''peg-cell''' - (resting secretory cell) A histological term for the non-ciliated secretory epithelial cells located within the uterus.

	* '''Pouch of Douglas''' - (rectouterine pouch or rectovaginal) Anatomical description of the female peritoneal cavity lying between the back wall of the uterus and rectum.		* '''Pouch of Douglas''' - (rectouterine pouch or rectovaginal) Anatomical description of the female peritoneal cavity lying between the back wall of the uterus and rectum.

	* '''rectouterine pouch''' - (Pouch of Douglas or rectovaginal) Anatomical description of the female peritoneal cavity lying between the back wall of the uterus and rectum.		* '''rectouterine pouch''' - (Pouch of Douglas or rectovaginal) Anatomical description of the female peritoneal cavity lying between the back wall of the uterus and rectum.
	* '''sonohysterography''' - A clinical diagnostic technique used to visualise the uterine cavity by ultrasound. Firstly, fluid is injected through the cervix into the uterus, then ultrasound is carried out to image the uterine cavity.
			* '''sonohysterography''' - A clinical diagnostic technique used to visualise the uterine cavity by {{ultrasound}}. Firstly, fluid is injected through the cervix into the uterus, then ultrasound is carried out to image the uterine cavity.

Z8600021 at 01:17, 21 Haziran 2019

2019-06-21T01:17:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:17, 21 Haziran 2019
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	{{Genital Links}}		{{Genital Links}}
	~~<br>~~
	{{Menstrual Links}}		{{Menstrual Links}}
	~~<br>~~
	[[:Category:Uterus\|Category:Uterus]]		[[:Category:Uterus\|Category:Uterus]]
	==Some Recent Findings==		==Some Recent Findings==

Z8600021 at 01:06, 21 Haziran 2019

2019-06-21T01:06:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 21 Haziran 2019
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			* '''The histone methyltransferase [https://www.omim.org/entry/601573 EZH2] is required for normal uterine development and function in mice'''{{#pmid:31201420\|PMID31201420}} "Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 ([https://www.omim.org/entry/601573 EZH2]) is a rate-limiting catalytic subunit of a histone methyltransferase, polycomb repressive complex, which silences gene activity through the repressive histone mark H3K27me3. EZH2 is critical for epigenetic effects of early estrogen treatment, and may be involved in uterine development and pathologies. We investigated EZH2 expression, regulation and its role in uterine development/function. Uterine epithelial EZH2 expression was associated with proliferation and was high neonatally then declined by weaning. ...In summary, uterine EZH2 expression is developmentally and hormonally regulated, and its loss causes aberrant uterine epithelial proliferation, uterine hypertrophy and cystic endometrial hyperplasia, indicating a critical role in uterine development and function."

	* '''Livebirth after uterus transplantation from a deceased donor in a recipient with uterine infertility'''{{#pmid:3052785\|PMID3052785}} "Uterus transplantation from live donors became a reality to treat infertility following a successful Swedish 2014 series, inspiring uterus transplantation centres and programmes worldwide. However, no case of livebirth via deceased donor uterus has, to our knowledge, been successfully achieved, raising doubts about its feasibility and viability, including whether the womb remains viable after prolonged ischaemia. ...We describe, to our knowledge, the first case worldwide of livebirth following uterine transplantation from a deceased donor in a patient with congenital uterine absence (Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser [MRKH] syndrome). The results establish proof-of-concept for treating uterine infertility by transplantation from a deceased donor, opening a path to healthy pregnancy for all women with uterine factor infertility, without need of living donors or live donor surgery."		* '''Livebirth after uterus transplantation from a deceased donor in a recipient with uterine infertility'''{{#pmid:3052785\|PMID3052785}} "Uterus transplantation from live donors became a reality to treat infertility following a successful Swedish 2014 series, inspiring uterus transplantation centres and programmes worldwide. However, no case of livebirth via deceased donor uterus has, to our knowledge, been successfully achieved, raising doubts about its feasibility and viability, including whether the womb remains viable after prolonged ischaemia. ...We describe, to our knowledge, the first case worldwide of livebirth following uterine transplantation from a deceased donor in a patient with congenital uterine absence (Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser [MRKH] syndrome). The results establish proof-of-concept for treating uterine infertility by transplantation from a deceased donor, opening a path to healthy pregnancy for all women with uterine factor infertility, without need of living donors or live donor surgery."

Z8600021 at 00:59, 16 Haziran 2019

2019-06-16T00:59:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:59, 16 Haziran 2019
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			{{Uterus Vignette}}
	{\|
	~~\|-bgcolor="FAF5FF"~~
	~~\| width=82px\|[[File:Johannes Muller.jpg\|80px]]~~
	~~\| ''Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858) in 1830 was the first to describe the female duct historically named after him, the "Müllerian duct". The current terminology is the "~~{~~{paramesonephric duct}~~}~~".''~~
	\|}

	{{Genital Links}}		{{Genital Links}}

Z8600021 at 01:12, 21 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-21T01:12:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 21 Mayıs 2019
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	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
	[[File:Fetal_uterus_growth.jpg\|thumb\|Human fetal uterus growth]]		[[File:Fetal_uterus_growth.jpg\|thumb\|Human fetal uterus growth]]
	This page introduces the uterus as part of the internal female reproductive tract development. Two paramesonephric ducts form from coelomic epithelium extending beside the mesonephric ducts. In the absence of Mullerian Inhibitory Factor these ducts proliferate and grow extending from the vaginal plate on the wall of the urogenital sinus to lie beside the developing ovary. The paired ducts begin to fuse from the vaginal plate end, forming the primordial body of the uterus and the unfused lateral arms form the uterine ~~tubes~~. Recent research points to the paramesonephric ducts also being the entire embryonic origin of the vagina.		This page introduces the uterus as part of the internal female reproductive tract development. Two paramesonephric ducts form from coelomic epithelium extending beside the mesonephric ducts. In the absence of Mullerian Inhibitory Factor these ducts proliferate and grow extending from the vaginal plate on the wall of the urogenital sinus to lie beside the developing ovary. The paired ducts begin to fuse from the vaginal plate end, forming the primordial body of the uterus and the unfused lateral arms form the {{uterine tube}}s. Recent research points to the paramesonephric ducts also being the entire embryonic origin of the {{vagina}}. For the pregnant uterus see {{Implantation}} and {{Maternal decidua}}.



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	\| ''Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858) in 1830 was the first to describe the female duct historically named after him, the "Müllerian duct". The current terminology is the "{{paramesonephric duct}}".''		\| ''Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858) in 1830 was the first to describe the female duct historically named after him, the "Müllerian duct". The current terminology is the "{{paramesonephric duct}}".''
	\|}		\|}

	~~For the pregnant uterus see {{Implantation}} and {{Maternal decidua}}.~~

	{{Genital Links}}		{{Genital Links}}

Z8600021 at 01:11, 21 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-21T01:11:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:11, 21 Mayıs 2019
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	{\|		{\|
	\|-bgcolor="FAF5FF"		\|-bgcolor="FAF5FF"
	\| [[File:Johannes Muller.jpg\|80px]]		\| width=82px\|[[File:Johannes Muller.jpg\|80px]]
	~~Johannes Müller~~
	\| ''Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858) in 1830 was the first to describe the female duct historically named after him, the "Müllerian duct". The current terminology is the "{{paramesonephric duct}}".''		\| ''Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858) in 1830 was the first to describe the female duct historically named after him, the "Müllerian duct". The current terminology is the "{{paramesonephric duct}}".''
	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 01:10, 21 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-21T01:10:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:10, 21 Mayıs 2019
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	{\|		{\|
	\|-bgcolor="FAF5FF"		\|-bgcolor="FAF5FF"
	\| [[File:Johannes Muller.jpg\|~~100px~~]]		\| [[File:Johannes Muller.jpg\|80px]]
			Johannes Müller
	Johannes Müller ~~(1801 - 1858)~~
	\| ''Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858) in 1830 was the first to describe the female duct historically named after him, the "Müllerian duct". The current terminology is the "{{paramesonephric duct}}".''		\| ''Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858) in 1830 was the first to describe the female duct historically named after him, the "Müllerian duct". The current terminology is the "{{paramesonephric duct}}".''
	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 01:09, 21 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-21T01:09:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:09, 21 Mayıs 2019
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	{\|		{\|
	\| [[File:Johannes Muller.jpg\|~~150px~~]]		\|-bgcolor="FAF5FF"
			\| [[File:Johannes Muller.jpg\|100px]]

	Johannes Müller (1801 - 1858)		Johannes Müller (1801 - 1858)
	\| ''Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858) in 1830 was the first to describe the duct historically named after him, the "Müllerian duct". The current terminology is the "paramesonephric duct".''		\| ''Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858) in 1830 was the first to describe the female duct historically named after him, the "Müllerian duct". The current terminology is the "{{paramesonephric duct}}".''
	\|}		\|}

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	{{Genital Links}}		{{Genital Links}}
			<br>

	{{Menstrual Links}}		{{Menstrual Links}}
			<br>
	[[:Category:Uterus\|Category:Uterus]]		[[:Category:Uterus\|Category:Uterus]]

	==Some Recent Findings==		==Some Recent Findings==
	{\|		{\|

Z8600021 at 01:06, 21 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-21T01:06:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 21 Mayıs 2019
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	{{Header}}[[File:Paramesonephric ducts.jpg\|right]]		{{Header}}[[File:Paramesonephric ducts.jpg\|right]]
	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
	~~[[File:Johannes Muller.jpg\|thumb\|Johannes Müller (1801 - 1858)]]~~
	[[File:Fetal_uterus_growth.jpg\|thumb\|Human fetal uterus growth]]		[[File:Fetal_uterus_growth.jpg\|thumb\|Human fetal uterus growth]]
	This page introduces the uterus as part of the internal female reproductive tract development. Two paramesonephric ducts form from coelomic epithelium extending beside the mesonephric ducts. In the absence of Mullerian Inhibitory Factor these ducts proliferate and grow extending from the vaginal plate on the wall of the urogenital sinus to lie beside the developing ovary. The paired ducts begin to fuse from the vaginal plate end, forming the primordial body of the uterus and the unfused lateral arms form the uterine tubes. Recent research points to the paramesonephric ducts also being the entire embryonic origin of the vagina.		This page introduces the uterus as part of the internal female reproductive tract development. Two paramesonephric ducts form from coelomic epithelium extending beside the mesonephric ducts. In the absence of Mullerian Inhibitory Factor these ducts proliferate and grow extending from the vaginal plate on the wall of the urogenital sinus to lie beside the developing ovary. The paired ducts begin to fuse from the vaginal plate end, forming the primordial body of the uterus and the unfused lateral arms form the uterine tubes. Recent research points to the paramesonephric ducts also being the entire embryonic origin of the vagina.


	:''Johannes ~~Peter Müller (1801 - 1858) in 1830 was the first to describe the duct historically named after him, the "Müllerian duct"~~. ~~The current terminology is the "paramesonephric duct".''~~		{\|
			\| [[File:Johannes Muller.jpg\|150px]]

			Johannes Müller (1801 - 1858)
			\| ''Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858) in 1830 was the first to describe the duct historically named after him, the "Müllerian duct". The current terminology is the "paramesonephric duct".''
			\|}

	For the pregnant uterus see {{Implantation}} and {{Maternal decidua}}.		For the pregnant uterus see {{Implantation}} and {{Maternal decidua}}.