User talk:Z3289738 - Revision history

Z3289738: /* Lab 7 */

2012-09-12T01:14:42Z

Lab 7

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:14, 12 September 2012
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	===Lab 7===		===Lab 7===
			See tutorial ppt.

Z3289738: /* Lab Notes */

2012-09-12T00:28:30Z

Lab Notes

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:28, 12 September 2012
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	** Surface ectoderm has thickened in these areas due to transformation of epithelium.		** Surface ectoderm has thickened in these areas due to transformation of epithelium.
	** Loss of surface Otic placode; pinched off and lost its connection with the surface. Now called an '''otic vesicle''' or '''oto cyst'''.		** Loss of surface Otic placode; pinched off and lost its connection with the surface. Now called an '''otic vesicle''' or '''oto cyst'''.

			===Lab 7===

Z3289738: /* Lab 6 */

2012-08-29T01:57:50Z

Lab 6

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 29 August 2012
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	* Upper and lower jaws are fused, however inside the foetus the nasal and oral cavity have not been separated yet. (Palate not developed yet) (Neo-natal face)		* Upper and lower jaws are fused, however inside the foetus the nasal and oral cavity have not been separated yet. (Palate not developed yet) (Neo-natal face)
	* Post-natal process = ossification of the suture regions		* Post-natal process = ossification of the suture regions

			* 8 weeks of embryonic development

			*

Z3289738: /* Lab 6 */

2012-08-29T00:47:30Z

Lab 6

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:47, 29 August 2012
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	'''Early Embryo'''		'''Early Embryo'''
	* Stage 11, day 25~~(?)~~, early in development - development of placodes		* Stage 11, day 25, early in development - development of placodes
	** Dorsal side of the embryo, are circular patches of surface ectoderm called 'placodes' - Otic placodes.		** Dorsal side of the embryo, are circular patches of surface ectoderm called 'placodes' - Otic placodes.
	** Otic = hearing, optic = vision. Don't mix them up!!		** Otic = hearing, optic = vision. Don't mix them up!!

Z3289738: /* Lab 6 */

2012-08-29T00:46:59Z

Lab 6

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:46, 29 August 2012
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	===Lab 6===		===Lab 6===
	5 elements:		'''5 elements:'''
	* 1x FNP (white purple and green bits in picture)		* 1x FNP (white purple and green bits in picture)
	* 2x Maxillary prominences (1st and second arches are the most prominent)		* 2x Maxillary prominences (1st and second arches are the most prominent)
	* 2x Mandibular prominences		* 2x Mandibular prominences

	Head development (first movie thing), Good summary:
			'''Head development (first movie thing), Good summary:'''
	* Lying between the maxillary arches is the stomedium (indentation on the anterior surface of the head). At its floow is the buccopharyngeal membrane, breaking down in the 4th week of development. Then amniotic fluid can enter the foregut region of the head.		* Lying between the maxillary arches is the stomedium (indentation on the anterior surface of the head). At its floow is the buccopharyngeal membrane, breaking down in the 4th week of development. Then amniotic fluid can enter the foregut region of the head.
	* The lower jaw is formed by the fusion of the two lateral mandibular processes. It is rare to find an abnormality in the fusion of the mandible.		* The lower jaw is formed by the fusion of the two lateral mandibular processes. It is rare to find an abnormality in the fusion of the mandible.
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	* Post-natal process = ossification of the suture regions		* Post-natal process = ossification of the suture regions

	Trilamina Embryo: Wk 3 Gastrolation key features
			'''Trilamina Embryo: Wk 3 Gastrolation key features'''
	* Presence of Buccopharyngeral membrane (BPM) at the top of the embryonic disk = marker for folding events in development of the head. The top end folds over, bringing the BPM to the anterior area of the face.		* Presence of Buccopharyngeral membrane (BPM) at the top of the embryonic disk = marker for folding events in development of the head. The top end folds over, bringing the BPM to the anterior area of the face.
	* As it continues to fold, formation of GI tract establishes the pharynx.		* As it continues to fold, formation of GI tract establishes the pharynx.
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	Early Embryo		'''Early Embryo'''
	* Stage 11, day 25(?), early in development - development of placodes		* Stage 11, day 25(?), early in development - development of placodes
	** Dorsal side of the embryo, are circular patches of surface ectoderm called 'placodes' - Otic placodes.		** Dorsal side of the embryo, are circular patches of surface ectoderm called 'placodes' - Otic placodes.

Z3289738: /* Lab 6 */

2012-08-29T00:46:20Z

Lab 6

@@ Line 211: / Line 211: @@
 * 2x Mandibular prominences
-Head development (first movie thing):
+Head development (first movie thing), Good summary:
 * Lying between the maxillary arches is the stomedium (indentation on the anterior surface of the head). At its floow is the buccopharyngeal membrane, breaking down in the 4th week of development. Then amniotic fluid can enter the foregut region of the head.
 * The lower jaw is formed by the fusion of the two lateral mandibular processes. It is rare to find an abnormality in the fusion of the mandible.
@@ Line 222: / Line 222: @@
 * Upper and lower jaws are fused, however inside the foetus the nasal and oral cavity have not been separated yet. (Palate not developed yet) (Neo-natal face)
 * Post-natal process = ossification of the suture regions

Z3289738: /* Lab 5 */

2012-08-29T00:20:31Z

Lab 5

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 29 August 2012
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	* Respiratory development:		* Respiratory development:
	** 5 structures that contributed to the development of the diaphragm (use the images in his theory questions)		** 5 structures that contributed to the development of the diaphragm (use the images in his theory questions)


			===Lab 6===
			5 elements:
			* 1x FNP (white purple and green bits in picture)
			* 2x Maxillary prominences (1st and second arches are the most prominent)
			* 2x Mandibular prominences

			Head development (first movie thing):
			* Lying between the maxillary arches is the stomedium (indentation on the anterior surface of the head). At its floow is the buccopharyngeal membrane, breaking down in the 4th week of development. Then amniotic fluid can enter the foregut region of the head.
			* The lower jaw is formed by the fusion of the two lateral mandibular processes. It is rare to find an abnormality in the fusion of the mandible.
			* The smaller maxillary prominences never fuse in the midline (anterior surface of the head). It fuses to the FNP to form the upper jaw. Therefore the epithelium that forms these structure has to transform to mesenchymal. Wk 5.
			* On going growth of underlying NT (brain is expanding - increasing size of the cranial area). No skull yet, just a bit in ectoderm (?). Develpment of bony plates occurs much later.
			* Nasal epithelium began on the surface as placodal patches on the side of the head. As the FNP grows this area becomes internalised. (Not like otic placode, which get pinched off the surface).
			* Growth of the eyes laterally; located on the lateral surfaces of the developing head. Growth of the head brings it around anteriorly.
			* Substantial growth of the cranial vault.
			* Eyes are held anteriorly via ligamentous attachment.
			* Upper and lower jaws are fused, however inside the foetus the nasal and oral cavity have not been separated yet. (Palate not developed yet) (Neo-natal face)
			* Post-natal process = ossification of the suture regions

Z3289738 at 01:39, 22 August 2012

2012-08-22T01:39:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 22 August 2012
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	* From week 4 onwards the oral cavity is open - can swallow amniotic fluid		* From week 4 onwards the oral cavity is open - can swallow amniotic fluid
	* Stomach in the foregut is the most rapidly forming structure		* Stomach in the foregut is the most rapidly forming structure

			What to know:
			* Respiratory development:
			** 5 structures that contributed to the development of the diaphragm (use the images in his theory questions)

Z3289738: /* Lab Notes */

2012-08-22T00:28:30Z

Lab Notes

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:28, 22 August 2012
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	* Features in an anchoring villi: extra-embryonic mesoderm (in the core of the villi); cytotrophoblasts cells on the outer surface(single layer of cells; trophoblastic column (outside the extra-embryonic mesoderm; maternal blood-filled space (surrounding the villi - diffusion/exchange of nutrients); clusters of syncytiotrophoblasts outside the cytotrophoblasts.		* Features in an anchoring villi: extra-embryonic mesoderm (in the core of the villi); cytotrophoblasts cells on the outer surface(single layer of cells; trophoblastic column (outside the extra-embryonic mesoderm; maternal blood-filled space (surrounding the villi - diffusion/exchange of nutrients); clusters of syncytiotrophoblasts outside the cytotrophoblasts.
	* '''Hofbauer cells''': remodel mesoderm continuously as well as gobble up RBC nuclei		* '''Hofbauer cells''': remodel mesoderm continuously as well as gobble up RBC nuclei


			===Lab 5===
			* missed the beginning...
			* respiratory & GI have common endodermal origin
			* allantois is endodermal and extends into the connecting stalk. It represents the upper end of the developing bladder eventually
			* Hindgut: will ofrm more than just the GI tract. In wk4 it forms the trachea.
			* From week 4 onwards the oral cavity is open - can swallow amniotic fluid
			* Stomach in the foregut is the most rapidly forming structure

Z3289738: /* Lab 4 */

2012-08-15T01:01:58Z

Lab 4

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:01, 15 August 2012
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	===Lab 4===		===Lab 4===
	* Wk 2: large ~~corionoic~~ space (smaller yolk sac and amnionic space) allows development of the embryonic disk without any attachments		* Wk 2: large chorionoic space (smaller yolk sac and amnionic space) allows development of the embryonic disk without any attachments
	* ~~amnionic~~ space expands and the chorionic space is eventually lost		* Amniotic space expands and the chorionic space is eventually lost
	* ~~villi~~ are always called "chorionic villi" because they extend from the chorionic layer.		* Villi are always called "chorionic villi" because they extend from the chorionic layer.
	* ~~cynsidiotrophoblasts relsease~~ '''~~hcg~~''' as they proliferate and extend into the maternal ~~disidua~~. As they do so the interaction with the stromal cells cause the stroma cells to transform = '''~~disiduation~~'''		* Syncytiotrophoblasts release '''HCG''' as they proliferate and extend into the maternal dicidua. As they do so the interaction with the stromal cells cause the stroma cells to transform = '''deciduation'''
	* 2 folds of 2 layers - '''cytotrophoblasts''' and '''~~cynsidiotrophoblasts~~'''		* 2 folds of 2 layers - '''cytotrophoblasts''' and '''syncytiotrophoblasts'''
	* '''''~~extraembryonic~~'' mesoderm''' thought to arise ~~gastrolation~~. Forms distinct layers; over yolk sac, over amnion, over stalk. Will eventually form the '''placental cord'''.		* '''''extra-embryonic'' mesoderm''' thought to arise gastrulation. Forms distinct layers; over yolk sac, over amnion, over stalk. Will eventually form the '''placental cord'''.
	* '''placental half''' vs '''chorion levea'''		* '''placental half''' vs '''chorion levea'''
	* Placental half: lots of uterine glands. Wk 3 = ''passive diffusion'' of nutrients from the blood filled spaces, through the mesoderm and into the embryo. Never physical contact between foetal and maternal blood (mother may develop antibodies against it, prevent further pregnancies).		* Placental half: lots of uterine glands. Wk 3 = ''passive diffusion'' of nutrients from the blood filled spaces, through the mesoderm and into the embryo. Never physical contact between foetal and maternal blood (mother may develop antibodies against it, prevent further pregnancies).
	* '''Primary villi''' = 1st villi that form		* '''Primary villi''' = 1st villi that form
	* As the mesoderm folds into these extending fingers, they become '''secondary villi'''		* As the mesoderm folds into these extending fingers, they become '''secondary villi'''
	* ''' primordia of the foetal placenta''' is on the '''~~disidua~~ vasalis''' on the maternal side		* '''primordia of the foetal placenta''' is on the '''decidua vasalis''' on the maternal side
	* ~~other~~ side facing away from uterus = ''' ~~disidua~~ capsularis'''		* Other side facing away from uterus = ''' decidua capsularis'''
	* '''~~disidua~~ vasalis''' = everything else in the uterus(?)		* '''decidua vasalis''' = everything else in the uterus(?)
	* ~~umbilicus~~ contains blood vessels and _		* Umbilicus contains blood vessels and _
	* Yolk sac lies ''adjacent'' to the umbilicus		* Yolk sac lies ''adjacent'' to the umbilicus
	* Fusion of ~~amnionic~~ membrane with the chorionic membrane. Now called the '''chorionic plate''' = continuous structure. Within the chorionic plate at the site of ~~disidua versalis~~ = '''large blood vessels''' (arteries and veins that have left the cord and spread out into the villi)		* Fusion of amniotic membrane with the chorionic membrane. Now called the '''chorionic plate''' = continuous structure. Within the chorionic plate at the site of decidua vasalis = '''large blood vessels''' (arteries and veins that have left the cord and spread out into the villi)
	* 3 main classifications: primary (trophoblasts), secondary (+ mesoderm), ~~teritary~~ (blood vessels)		* 3 main villi classifications: primary (trophoblasts), secondary (+ mesoderm), tertiary (blood vessels)
	* Tertiary: blood islands fuse to form vessels.		* Tertiary: blood islands fuse to form vessels.
	*		* Role of syncytiotrophoblasts: '''implantation''' and '''endocrine role''' (secrete '''HCG''')
			* Cytotrophoblasts - single cell and single cytoplasm. Form cyto.. column of the anchoring villi.
			* CT surrounding blood vessels
			* Features in an anchoring villi: extra-embryonic mesoderm (in the core of the villi); cytotrophoblasts cells on the outer surface(single layer of cells; trophoblastic column (outside the extra-embryonic mesoderm; maternal blood-filled space (surrounding the villi - diffusion/exchange of nutrients); clusters of syncytiotrophoblasts outside the cytotrophoblasts.
			* '''Hofbauer cells''': remodel mesoderm continuously as well as gobble up RBC nuclei