User:Z3331951 - Revision history

Z8600021: /* Lab 7 Assessment */

2012-11-11T02:31:48Z

Lab 7 Assessment

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:31, 11 November 2012
Line 73:		Line 73:

	Mark Hill - 10/10		Mark Hill - 10/10


	==Lab 8 Assessment==		==Lab 8 Assessment==

Z8600021 at 02:07, 11 November 2012

2012-11-11T02:07:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:07, 11 November 2012
Line 72:		Line 72:


	Mark Hill -		Mark Hill - 10/10


Line 117:		Line 117:

	This is some discontinuity between the sections regarding how your present and list your information. This is probably just a by product of teamwork that can be ironed out easily.		This is some discontinuity between the sections regarding how your present and list your information. This is probably just a by product of teamwork that can be ironed out easily.


			Mark Hill - Some useful observations in your assessments, though very brief and some not meeting (2-3 paragraph), you should have also considered applying the project assessment criteria in your comments. 10/10

	==Lab 9 Assessment==		==Lab 9 Assessment==
Line 128:		Line 131:

	2. The contributing layers are the ectoderm, mesenchyme and neural crest cells. The only contribution he ectoderm makes however, is the enamel. Thickenings of the oral epithelium, dubbed dental laminae, develop in the sixth week of embryonic development. These laminae are then populated by mesenchyme, which provides the internal part of the tooth and also the dental sac. More specifically, the mesenchyme contributes the dental papilla and later on the odontoblasts. The dental sac contributes to the connective tissue and vascular elements that link the tooth to the alveolar bone.		2. The contributing layers are the ectoderm, mesenchyme and neural crest cells. The only contribution he ectoderm makes however, is the enamel. Thickenings of the oral epithelium, dubbed dental laminae, develop in the sixth week of embryonic development. These laminae are then populated by mesenchyme, which provides the internal part of the tooth and also the dental sac. More specifically, the mesenchyme contributes the dental papilla and later on the odontoblasts. The dental sac contributes to the connective tissue and vascular elements that link the tooth to the alveolar bone.


			Mark Hill - These answers are fine, Q2 is the better answer of the 2. You should have explained what GATA4/6 is an acronym for and still not using [[Help:Reference_Tutorial\|PubMed citation technique]] correctly. 10/10


	==Lab 11 Assessment==		==Lab 11 Assessment==
Line 134:		Line 141:

	The primary concern of the paper however is to develop a way to isolate cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPC) from the pool of iPSCs. CPCs are known to express Nkx2.5 and Isl1, with Isl1 being particularly important in the generation of the second heart field which will give rise to the right ventricle, atria and the outflow tracts. The team identified further CPC markers, Flt1 and Flt4. The cells expressing all these markers where grown feeder free in culture with the help of a beta-catenin inhibitor and some other modulatory molecules. Once grown and transplanted, the team showed that the cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes and grow. The finding of Flt1 and Flt4 as definitive surface markers for CPCs is extremely important, allowing purification of a pool of stem cells that can be used therapeutically.		The primary concern of the paper however is to develop a way to isolate cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPC) from the pool of iPSCs. CPCs are known to express Nkx2.5 and Isl1, with Isl1 being particularly important in the generation of the second heart field which will give rise to the right ventricle, atria and the outflow tracts. The team identified further CPC markers, Flt1 and Flt4. The cells expressing all these markers where grown feeder free in culture with the help of a beta-catenin inhibitor and some other modulatory molecules. Once grown and transplanted, the team showed that the cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes and grow. The finding of Flt1 and Flt4 as definitive surface markers for CPCs is extremely important, allowing purification of a pool of stem cells that can be used therapeutically.


			Mark Hill - A good ref for iPS, still not using [[Help:Reference_Tutorial\|PubMed citation technique]] correctly as required by this assessment item. 9/10

Z8600021 at 01:16, 11 November 2012

2012-11-11T01:16:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:16, 11 November 2012
Line 30:		Line 30:

	An interesting article regarding fertilisation was authored by Eisenberg ''et al'' and published in July 2012, titled [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842703/ '''Sperm counts and sperm sex ratio in male infertility patients''']. The paper attempts to partially account for the recent decline in male births in some industrialised societies. In order to do this, they have collected sperm samples from both fertile and infertile men. The proportion of X and Y chromosome carrying sperm was them investigated for each of the samples. This is relevant as it is the sperm that determine the sex of the zygote. Eisenberg and his team found that motile and fertile sperm actually have a predisposition to carrying the Y chromosome, indicating that the higher a mans reproductive potential, the greater his chances of having a male child.		An interesting article regarding fertilisation was authored by Eisenberg ''et al'' and published in July 2012, titled [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842703/ '''Sperm counts and sperm sex ratio in male infertility patients''']. The paper attempts to partially account for the recent decline in male births in some industrialised societies. In order to do this, they have collected sperm samples from both fertile and infertile men. The proportion of X and Y chromosome carrying sperm was them investigated for each of the samples. This is relevant as it is the sperm that determine the sex of the zygote. Eisenberg and his team found that motile and fertile sperm actually have a predisposition to carrying the Y chromosome, indicating that the higher a mans reproductive potential, the greater his chances of having a male child.

			Mark Hill - both questions have been answered. I will be showing you in future classes how to make the PubMed link PMID 22842703 9/10

	==Lab 2 Assessment==		==Lab 2 Assessment==
Line 38:		Line 40:
	===Implantation===		===Implantation===
	The endometrial glands secrete fibronectin. This extracellular matrix protein interacts with integrin receptor proteins on trophoblast cells to form a bond. This is one of the initial bonds between the blastocyst and the uterine wall		The endometrial glands secrete fibronectin. This extracellular matrix protein interacts with integrin receptor proteins on trophoblast cells to form a bond. This is one of the initial bonds between the blastocyst and the uterine wall

			Mark Hill - Q1 Image has been uploaded correctly with all required information attached to the file. Q2 fibronectin does have a role, but this has not been clearly defined and where is the reference used for your answer? 9/10


			Mark Hill - Lab 3 Assessment 1. Identify the difference between "gestational age" and "post-fertilisation age" and explain why clinically "gestational age" is used in describing human development. 2. Identify using histological descriptions at least 3 different types of tissues formed from somites.

			0/10

	==Lab 3 Assessment==		==Lab 3 Assessment==
			Mark Hill - This is lab 4 assessment you have missed the previous assessment item.

	Amniocentesis is an invasive procedure where a needle is passed into the amniotic cavity of the foetus and a collection of the amniotic fluid is taken. Out of this fluid, foetal cells can be isolated and grown for testing. Occurs between 14 and 20 weeks gestation. Chromosomal analysis of the cells can identify the trisomy 18 (Edwards’s syndrome) defect, along with other chromosomal defects.		Amniocentesis is an invasive procedure where a needle is passed into the amniotic cavity of the foetus and a collection of the amniotic fluid is taken. Out of this fluid, foetal cells can be isolated and grown for testing. Occurs between 14 and 20 weeks gestation. Chromosomal analysis of the cells can identify the trisomy 18 (Edwards’s syndrome) defect, along with other chromosomal defects.
Line 50:		Line 60:

	Nude mice were given gastric cancer as a live model to test the efficacy of the stem cell treatment. LIGHT was shown to convey a strong antitumour effect, primarily through the induction of apoptosis. The development of techniques like this is novel and exciting, allowing a tailored and specific route of treatment for many hard to treat diseases, like gastric cancer. However, the acquisition of the UCB-MSC’s may be a restraining factor.		Nude mice were given gastric cancer as a live model to test the efficacy of the stem cell treatment. LIGHT was shown to convey a strong antitumour effect, primarily through the induction of apoptosis. The development of techniques like this is novel and exciting, allowing a tailored and specific route of treatment for many hard to treat diseases, like gastric cancer. However, the acquisition of the UCB-MSC’s may be a restraining factor.

			Mark Hill - Both questions answered in sufficient detail. Q2 mesenchymal stem cells is quite a novel application of this technology. 10/10

	==Lab 7 Assessment==		==Lab 7 Assessment==
Line 58:		Line 70:

	2. Following a spinal cord injury, the affected skeletal muscle is under no stress. Consequently, it enters a period of catabolism and atrophy. This atrophy occurs at the same rate in all muscle fibre types. 6 weeks following a spinal cord injury, muscles are 45% smaller. Interestingly however, the muscles usually convert from slower, fatigue resistant muscle types to fast, fatigable muscle types.		2. Following a spinal cord injury, the affected skeletal muscle is under no stress. Consequently, it enters a period of catabolism and atrophy. This atrophy occurs at the same rate in all muscle fibre types. 6 weeks following a spinal cord injury, muscles are 45% smaller. Interestingly however, the muscles usually convert from slower, fatigue resistant muscle types to fast, fatigable muscle types.


			Mark Hill -


	==Lab 8 Assessment==		==Lab 8 Assessment==

Z8600021: /* Lab Attendence */

2012-10-19T20:51:39Z

Lab Attendence

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:51, 20 October 2012
Line 21:		Line 21:

	Lab 12 --[[User:Z3331951\|Z3331951]] 10:05, 17 October 2012 (EST)		Lab 12 --[[User:Z3331951\|Z3331951]] 10:05, 17 October 2012 (EST)


			Full lab attendance logged --Mark Hill 07:27, 18 October 2012 (EST)

	==Lab 1 Assessment==		==Lab 1 Assessment==

Z3331951: /* Lab Attendence */

2012-10-16T23:05:13Z

Lab Attendence

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:05, 17 October 2012
Line 19:		Line 19:

	Lab 11 --[[User:Z3331951\|Z3331951]] 11:29, 10 October 2012 (EST)		Lab 11 --[[User:Z3331951\|Z3331951]] 11:29, 10 October 2012 (EST)

			Lab 12 --[[User:Z3331951\|Z3331951]] 10:05, 17 October 2012 (EST)

	==Lab 1 Assessment==		==Lab 1 Assessment==

Z3331951: /* Lab 11 Assessment */

2012-10-16T11:04:29Z

Lab 11 Assessment

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:04, 16 October 2012
Line 112:		Line 112:
	October 2012 saw the publication of an interesting article by Nsair et al entitled ‘[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23056209 ''' Characterization and therapeutic potential of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells ''']’. The research in the paper concerns the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This is important as currently, there is very limited treatment for damaged myocardium and the fact that adult myocytes cannot divide. iPSCs are also exciting as historically it has been hard to use adult stem cells therapeutically for a long lasting benefit. Nsair et al put forward that using IPS cells that have differentiated sufficiently to commit themselves to a myocyte lineage before injection, by act as an autologous transplant and grow into the damaged tissue. By differentiating, it is hoped that some of the oncogenic risks of iPSC’s will be sidestepped.		October 2012 saw the publication of an interesting article by Nsair et al entitled ‘[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23056209 ''' Characterization and therapeutic potential of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells ''']’. The research in the paper concerns the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This is important as currently, there is very limited treatment for damaged myocardium and the fact that adult myocytes cannot divide. iPSCs are also exciting as historically it has been hard to use adult stem cells therapeutically for a long lasting benefit. Nsair et al put forward that using IPS cells that have differentiated sufficiently to commit themselves to a myocyte lineage before injection, by act as an autologous transplant and grow into the damaged tissue. By differentiating, it is hoped that some of the oncogenic risks of iPSC’s will be sidestepped.

	The primary concern of the paper however is to develop a way to isolate cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPC) from the pool of iPSCs. CPCs are known to express Nkx2.5 and Isl1, with Isl1 being particularly important in the generation of the second heart field which will give rise to the right ventricle, atria and the outflow tracts. The team identified further CPC markers, Flt1 and Flt4. The cells expressing all these markers where grown feeder free in culture with the help of a beta-catenin inhibitor and some other modulatory molecules. Once grown and transplanted, the team showed that the cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes and grow. The finding of Flt1 and Flt4 as definitive surface markers for CPCs is extremely important, allowing purification of a pool of stem cells that can be used therapeutically.		The primary concern of the paper however is to develop a way to isolate cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPC) from the pool of iPSCs. CPCs are known to express Nkx2.5 and Isl1, with Isl1 being particularly important in the generation of the second heart field which will give rise to the right ventricle, atria and the outflow tracts. The team identified further CPC markers, Flt1 and Flt4. The cells expressing all these markers where grown feeder free in culture with the help of a beta-catenin inhibitor and some other modulatory molecules. Once grown and transplanted, the team showed that the cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes and grow. The finding of Flt1 and Flt4 as definitive surface markers for CPCs is extremely important, allowing purification of a pool of stem cells that can be used therapeutically.

	~~<ref name="pmid23056209">{{Cite pmid\|23056209}}</ref>~~

	~~<references/>~~

Z3331951: /* Lab 11 Assessment */

2012-10-16T11:03:57Z

Lab 11 Assessment

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:03, 16 October 2012
Line 116:		Line 116:
	<ref name="pmid23056209">{{Cite pmid\|23056209}}</ref>		<ref name="pmid23056209">{{Cite pmid\|23056209}}</ref>

	~~{{reflist}}~~		<references/>

Z3331951 at 11:02, 16 October 2012

2012-10-16T11:02:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:02, 16 October 2012
Line 107:		Line 107:

	2. The contributing layers are the ectoderm, mesenchyme and neural crest cells. The only contribution he ectoderm makes however, is the enamel. Thickenings of the oral epithelium, dubbed dental laminae, develop in the sixth week of embryonic development. These laminae are then populated by mesenchyme, which provides the internal part of the tooth and also the dental sac. More specifically, the mesenchyme contributes the dental papilla and later on the odontoblasts. The dental sac contributes to the connective tissue and vascular elements that link the tooth to the alveolar bone.		2. The contributing layers are the ectoderm, mesenchyme and neural crest cells. The only contribution he ectoderm makes however, is the enamel. Thickenings of the oral epithelium, dubbed dental laminae, develop in the sixth week of embryonic development. These laminae are then populated by mesenchyme, which provides the internal part of the tooth and also the dental sac. More specifically, the mesenchyme contributes the dental papilla and later on the odontoblasts. The dental sac contributes to the connective tissue and vascular elements that link the tooth to the alveolar bone.

			==Lab 11 Assessment==

			October 2012 saw the publication of an interesting article by Nsair et al entitled ‘[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23056209 ''' Characterization and therapeutic potential of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells ''']’. The research in the paper concerns the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This is important as currently, there is very limited treatment for damaged myocardium and the fact that adult myocytes cannot divide. iPSCs are also exciting as historically it has been hard to use adult stem cells therapeutically for a long lasting benefit. Nsair et al put forward that using IPS cells that have differentiated sufficiently to commit themselves to a myocyte lineage before injection, by act as an autologous transplant and grow into the damaged tissue. By differentiating, it is hoped that some of the oncogenic risks of iPSC’s will be sidestepped.

			The primary concern of the paper however is to develop a way to isolate cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPC) from the pool of iPSCs. CPCs are known to express Nkx2.5 and Isl1, with Isl1 being particularly important in the generation of the second heart field which will give rise to the right ventricle, atria and the outflow tracts. The team identified further CPC markers, Flt1 and Flt4. The cells expressing all these markers where grown feeder free in culture with the help of a beta-catenin inhibitor and some other modulatory molecules. Once grown and transplanted, the team showed that the cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes and grow. The finding of Flt1 and Flt4 as definitive surface markers for CPCs is extremely important, allowing purification of a pool of stem cells that can be used therapeutically.

			<ref name="pmid23056209">{{Cite pmid\|23056209}}</ref>

			{{reflist}}

Z3331951: /* Lab Attendence */

2012-10-10T00:29:30Z

Lab Attendence

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:29, 10 October 2012
Line 17:		Line 17:

	Lab 10 --[[User:Z3331951\|Z3331951]] 10:18, 3 October 2012 (EST)		Lab 10 --[[User:Z3331951\|Z3331951]] 10:18, 3 October 2012 (EST)

			Lab 11 --[[User:Z3331951\|Z3331951]] 11:29, 10 October 2012 (EST)

	==Lab 1 Assessment==		==Lab 1 Assessment==

Z3331951: /* Lab Attendence */

2012-10-03T00:18:50Z

Lab Attendence

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:18, 3 October 2012
Line 15:		Line 15:

	Lab 8 --[[User:Z3331951\|Z3331951]] 10:46, 19 September 2012 (EST)		Lab 8 --[[User:Z3331951\|Z3331951]] 10:46, 19 September 2012 (EST)

			Lab 10 --[[User:Z3331951\|Z3331951]] 10:18, 3 October 2012 (EST)

	==Lab 1 Assessment==		==Lab 1 Assessment==