Text-Book of Embryology 2-8 (1919) - Revision history

Z8600021: /* Chapter VIII Modifications of the Envelopes and other Adaptive Modifications Occurring During the Early Development of the Amphibia */

2018-06-16T01:13:27Z

Chapter VIII Modifications of the Envelopes and other Adaptive Modifications Occurring During the Early Development of the Amphibia

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	(1) the mere retention of the egg within the uterus, the shell still remaining and no intimate relations being developed between foetal and maternal tissues (Angwis, Vipera, Uoronella),		(1) the mere retention of the egg within the uterus, the shell still remaining and no intimate relations being developed between foetal and maternal tissues (Angwis, Vipera, Uoronella),

	(2) the rupture at an early stage and eventual disappearance of the shell, and the coming into intimate relations of foetal and maternal tissues, both becoming highly vascular and there being an attempt at the formation of a yolk-sac placenta (C'halc7Ides ocellatus),		(2) the rupture at an early stage and eventual disappearance of the shell, and the coming into intimate relations of foetal and maternal tissues, both becoming highly vascular and there being an attempt at the formation of a yolk-sac placenta (C'halc7Ides ocellatus), and (3) the development of an allantoic placenta (0. tridactylus).

	~~and (3) the development of an allantoic placenta (0. tridactylus).~~		==Literature==

	~~LITERATURE~~

	Agar. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1909.		Agar. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1909.

Z8600021: /* Chapter VIII Modifications of the Envelopes and other Adaptive Modifications Occurring During the Early Development of the Amphibia */

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Chapter VIII Modifications of the Envelopes and other Adaptive Modifications Occurring During the Early Development of the Amphibia

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	Wood-Mason and Alcock. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., xlix, 1891.		Wood-Mason and Alcock. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., xlix, 1891.

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Z8600021: /* Chapter IX Some of the General Considerations Relating to the Embryology of the Vertebrata */

2018-06-15T23:52:32Z

Chapter IX Some of the General Considerations Relating to the Embryology of the Vertebrata

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	Wood-Mason and Alcock. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., xlix, 1891.		Wood-Mason and Alcock. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., xlix, 1891.
	~~CHAPTER IX~~

	~~SOME OF THE GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS RELATING~~		==Chapter IX Some of the General Considerations Relating to the Embryology of the Vertebrata==
	~~TO THE EMBRYOLOGY OF THE VERTEBRATA~~

	IN the course of the preceding chapters many of the general principles		IN the course of the preceding chapters many of the general principles

Z8600021: /* Chapter X The Practical Study of the Embryology Of The Common Fowl */

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Chapter X The Practical Study of the Embryology Of The Common Fowl

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	Sedgwick. Quzwt. Jmxrn. Micr. Sci., xxxvii and xxxviii, 1895 and 1896.		Sedgwick. Quzwt. Jmxrn. Micr. Sci., xxxvii and xxxviii, 1895 and 1896.

	Wolff. Nov. Conmwnt. Acad. Sci. St-I’éte1'sl>~~o1u~~'g. ~~xii~~, 1768.		Wolff. Nov. Conmwnt. Acad. Sci. St-I’éte1'Sl>O1U'g. Xii, 1768.
	~~CHAPTER X~~

	~~THE PRACTICAL STUDY OF THE EMBRYOLOGY OF~~
	~~THE COMMON FOWL~~		==Chapter X The Practical Study of the Embryology Of The Common Fowl==

	FOR gaining practical experience in the study of embryology there		FOR gaining practical experience in the study of embryology there

Z8600021: /* Chapter VIII Modifications of the Envelopes and Other Adaptive Modifications Occurring During the Early Development of the Amphibia */

2018-06-15T23:45:50Z

Chapter VIII Modifications of the Envelopes and Other Adaptive Modifications Occurring During the Early Development of the Amphibia

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	==Chapter VIII Modifications of the Envelopes and ~~Other~~ Adaptive Modifications Occurring During the Early Development of the Amphibia==		==Chapter VIII Modifications of the Envelopes and other Adaptive Modifications Occurring During the Early Development of the Amphibia==


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	their development,the eggs being laid in water and the young animal		their development,the eggs being laid in water and the young animal
	passing its larval existence in the water.		passing its larval existence in the water.


	In a number of cases, particularly in Anura inhabiting tropical		In a number of cases, particularly in Anura inhabiting tropical
	regions with a well-marked dry season, very interesting adaptations		regions with a well-marked dry season, very interesting adaptations
	are found whereby the young animal is enabled to pass a more or		are found whereby the young animal is enabled to pass a more or
	less prolonged period out of the water. In the ﬁrst type of these		less prolonged period out of the water. In the ﬁrst type of these adaptations we ﬁnd special modiﬁcations of the tertiary envelope
	~~V [II DEVELOPMENTAL ADAPTATION S 459~~

	adaptations we ﬁnd special modiﬁcations of the tertiary envelope
	which is normally a simple mass of jelly deposited round the egg.		which is normally a simple mass of jelly deposited round the egg.

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	bend the margins of a leaf together so as to form a funnel into which		bend the margins of a leaf together so as to form a funnel into which
	the eggs are poured together with the fertilizing sperm. The eggs		the eggs are poured together with the fertilizing sperm. The eggs
	are enclosed in a mass of ﬁrm adhesive jelly which causes the leaf to		are enclosed in a mass of ﬁrm adhesive jelly which causes the leaf to retain its funnel shape. The eggs develop within the jelly up till


	1 It is probable that. such ferments play an important part in softening the eggcnvclopes preparatory to hatching in various animals. Thus in Lcpidosircn the		* 1 It is probable that. such ferments play an important part in softening the eggcnvclopes preparatory to hatching in various animals. Thus in Lcpidosircn the
	process of hatching is rendered possible by the softening of the egg-shell brought		process of hatching is rendered possible by the softening of the egg-shell brought
	about apparently by digestive ferment secreted by the ectoderm covering the body		about apparently by digestive ferment secreted by the ectoderm covering the body
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	gland.” It seems not improbable that the formation of such hatching ferments will		gland.” It seems not improbable that the formation of such hatching ferments will
	be found to occur very generally in aquatic Vertebrates.		be found to occur very generally in aquatic Vertebrates.
	~~460 EMBRYOLOGY OF THE LOWER VERTEBRATES CH.~~

	~~retain its funnel shape. The eggs develop within the jelly up till~~

	Flu. ‘Z08. _I’/1,:/llunuv/ustt		Flu. ‘Z08. _I’/1,:/llunuv/ustt
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	If, as sometimes happens, the margin		If, as sometimes happens, the margin
	~~vm DEVELOPMENTAL ADAPTA'J.‘IONS 461~~

	I medusa vllterringvli (von Ihering, 1886), H3/la nebulosa (Goeldi, 1895),		I medusa vllterringvli (von Ihering, 1886), H3/la nebulosa (Goeldi, 1895),
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	the eggs and grows up into a slight ledge surrounding them (Fig.		the eggs and grows up into a slight ledge surrounding them (Fig.
	211, B). In Pipe amcricana (Bartlett, 1896) the cloaca of the		211, B). In Pipe amcricana (Bartlett, 1896) the cloaca of the
	female is protruded at the time of oviposition as a large spout-~~lilce~~		female is protruded at the time of oviposition as a large spout-like
	~~462 EMBRYOLOGY OF THE LOWER VERTEBRATES CH.~~

	structure which projects forwards between the dorsal surface of the		structure which projects forwards between the dorsal surface of the
	female and the ventral surface of the male. The eggs pass out one		female and the ventral surface of the male. The eggs pass out one
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	external gills. These organs are present upon branchial arches I and		external gills. These organs are present upon branchial arches I and
	II, each consisting of a long slender stalk, which passes at its outer		II, each consisting of a long slender stalk, which passes at its outer
	end into a thin highly vascular membrane formed by the fused and		end into a thin highly vascular membrane formed by the fused and expanded outer ends of the two external gills. The two membranes
	~~VIII DEVELOPMENTAL ADAPTATIONS 463~~

	expanded outer ends of the two external gills. The two membranes
	so formed, one on each side of the body, are closely applied to the		so formed, one on each side of the body, are closely applied to the
	inner surface of the thin egg-envelope. The outer surface of the		inner surface of the thin egg-envelope. The outer surface of the