Template:Renal terms - Revision history

Z8600021 at 22:53, 23 Ocak 2020

2020-01-23T22:53:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:53, 24 Ocak 2020
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	* '''capillary loop''' - (C stage) The third stage in nephron development between 25-29 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)		* '''capillary loop''' - (C stage) The third stage in nephron development between 25-29 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

	* '''Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome''' - ~~(CNS,~~ Nephrotic syndrome) rare kidney disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and edema starting soon after birth. Most cases are caused by genetic abnormalities in the components of the glomerular filtration barrier, especially nephrin and podocin. (More? {{renal abnormalities}})		* '''Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome''' - see {{Nephrotic syndrome}}. (More? {{renal abnormalities}})

	* '''diabetes insipidus''' - The disorder is related to the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin) its synthesis, secretion, receptors and signaling pathway. In diabetes insipidus there is an excretion of large amounts (up to 30 litres/day) of a watery urine and an unremitting thirst.		* '''diabetes insipidus''' - The disorder is related to the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin) its synthesis, secretion, receptors and signaling pathway. In diabetes insipidus there is an excretion of large amounts (up to 30 litres/day) of a watery urine and an unremitting thirst.
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	* '''nephros''' - (Greek, ''nephros'' = kidney) Term used to describe features associated with the kidney. (pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros, nephric, nephron, nephroblastoma).		* '''nephros''' - (Greek, ''nephros'' = kidney) Term used to describe features associated with the kidney. (pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros, nephric, nephron, nephroblastoma).

			* '''{{Nephrotic syndrome}}''' - (CNS, Nephrotic syndrome) rare kidney disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and edema starting soon after birth. Most cases are caused by genetic abnormalities in the components of the glomerular filtration barrier, especially nephrin and podocin. (More? {{renal abnormalities}})

	* '''parietal layer''' - Cells of the outer of Bowman's capsule that form a simple squamous epithelium. The inner layer is the visceral layer.		* '''parietal layer''' - Cells of the outer of Bowman's capsule that form a simple squamous epithelium. The inner layer is the visceral layer.

Z8600021 at 22:43, 23 Ocak 2020

2020-01-23T22:43:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:43, 24 Ocak 2020
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	* '''capillary loop''' - (C stage) The third stage in nephron development between 25-29 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)		* '''capillary loop''' - (C stage) The third stage in nephron development between 25-29 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

	* '''Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome''' - (CNS) rare kidney disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and edema starting soon after birth. Most cases are caused by genetic abnormalities in the components of the glomerular filtration barrier, especially nephrin and podocin. (More? {{renal abnormalities}})		* '''Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome''' - (CNS, Nephrotic syndrome) rare kidney disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and edema starting soon after birth. Most cases are caused by genetic abnormalities in the components of the glomerular filtration barrier, especially nephrin and podocin. (More? {{renal abnormalities}})

	* '''diabetes insipidus''' - The disorder is related to the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin) its synthesis, secretion, receptors and signaling pathway. In diabetes insipidus there is an excretion of large amounts (up to 30 litres/day) of a watery urine and an unremitting thirst.		* '''diabetes insipidus''' - The disorder is related to the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin) its synthesis, secretion, receptors and signaling pathway. In diabetes insipidus there is an excretion of large amounts (up to 30 litres/day) of a watery urine and an unremitting thirst.
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	* '''neoplastic rest''' - In kidney development, a neoplastic rest can develop under either genetic or epigenetic influence from a hyperplastic rest, originating from an embryonic blastema cell. Normally the majority of nephrogenic rests either regress or become dormant.		* '''neoplastic rest''' - In kidney development, a neoplastic rest can develop under either genetic or epigenetic influence from a hyperplastic rest, originating from an embryonic blastema cell. Normally the majority of nephrogenic rests either regress or become dormant.

	* '''nephrin''' - protein of the slit diaphragm of renal filtration barrier, located at the cell surface in the area between two podocytes. NPHS1 gene location {{Chr19}}q13.12, mutations in this gene are associated with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome. (More? {{renal abnormalities}})		* '''nephrin''' - protein of the slit diaphragm of renal filtration barrier, located at the cell surface in the area between two podocytes. NPHS1 gene location {{Chr19}}q13.12, mutations in this gene are associated with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrotic syndrome). (More? {{renal abnormalities}})

	* '''nephrogenic rest''' - Used to describe the embryonic blastema cells which persist and under either genetic or epigenetic can change to become a neoplastic rest. These neoplastic rests can develop postnatally as a benign form (adenomatous rest) or a malignant Wilm's tumour form. The rests are further characterised by the time of generation leading to different anatomical kidney locations: early intralobar nephrogenic rests (within the renal lobe) and late pelilobar nephrogenic rests (periphery of the renal lobe)		* '''nephrogenic rest''' - Used to describe the embryonic blastema cells which persist and under either genetic or epigenetic can change to become a neoplastic rest. These neoplastic rests can develop postnatally as a benign form (adenomatous rest) or a malignant Wilm's tumour form. The rests are further characterised by the time of generation leading to different anatomical kidney locations: early intralobar nephrogenic rests (within the renal lobe) and late pelilobar nephrogenic rests (periphery of the renal lobe)
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	* '''parietal layer''' - Cells of the outer of Bowman's capsule that form a simple squamous epithelium. The inner layer is the visceral layer.		* '''parietal layer''' - Cells of the outer of Bowman's capsule that form a simple squamous epithelium. The inner layer is the visceral layer.

	* '''podocin''' - protein of the slit diaphragm of renal filtration barrier, located at the cell surface in the area between two podocytes. NPHS2 gene location {{Chr1}}q25.2, mutations in this gene are associated with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome. (More? {{renal abnormalities}})		* '''podocin''' - protein of the slit diaphragm of renal filtration barrier, located at the cell surface in the area between two podocytes. NPHS2 gene location {{Chr1}}q25.2, mutations in this gene are associated with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome (Nephrotic syndrome). (More? {{renal abnormalities}})

	* '''podocyte''' - (visceral epithelial cell) kidney glomerulus cell forming the main component of the glomerular filtration barrier. (glomerular podocyte) Kidney epithelial cell type in the nephron (kidney functional unit) located in the glomerulus. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule and are at the filtration barrier between capillary blood and the nephron tubular system and function to ultrafiltrate blood, and support glomerular capillary pressures. The differentiation of podocytes involves the formation of cellular foot processes and then the slit membrane. (More? [[:File:Nephron_histology_02.jpg\|image]])		* '''podocyte''' - (visceral epithelial cell) kidney glomerulus cell forming the main component of the glomerular filtration barrier. (glomerular podocyte) Kidney epithelial cell type in the nephron (kidney functional unit) located in the glomerulus. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule and are at the filtration barrier between capillary blood and the nephron tubular system and function to ultrafiltrate blood, and support glomerular capillary pressures. The differentiation of podocytes involves the formation of cellular foot processes and then the slit membrane. (More? [[:File:Nephron_histology_02.jpg\|image]])

Z8600021 at 22:41, 23 Ocak 2020

2020-01-23T22:41:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:41, 24 Ocak 2020
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	* '''capillary loop''' - (C stage) The third stage in nephron development between 25-29 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)		* '''capillary loop''' - (C stage) The third stage in nephron development between 25-29 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

			* '''Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome''' - (CNS) rare kidney disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and edema starting soon after birth. Most cases are caused by genetic abnormalities in the components of the glomerular filtration barrier, especially nephrin and podocin. (More? {{renal abnormalities}})

	* '''diabetes insipidus''' - The disorder is related to the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin) its synthesis, secretion, receptors and signaling pathway. In diabetes insipidus there is an excretion of large amounts (up to 30 litres/day) of a watery urine and an unremitting thirst.		* '''diabetes insipidus''' - The disorder is related to the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin) its synthesis, secretion, receptors and signaling pathway. In diabetes insipidus there is an excretion of large amounts (up to 30 litres/day) of a watery urine and an unremitting thirst.
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	* '''neoplastic rest''' - In kidney development, a neoplastic rest can develop under either genetic or epigenetic influence from a hyperplastic rest, originating from an embryonic blastema cell. Normally the majority of nephrogenic rests either regress or become dormant.		* '''neoplastic rest''' - In kidney development, a neoplastic rest can develop under either genetic or epigenetic influence from a hyperplastic rest, originating from an embryonic blastema cell. Normally the majority of nephrogenic rests either regress or become dormant.

			* '''nephrin''' - protein of the slit diaphragm of renal filtration barrier, located at the cell surface in the area between two podocytes. NPHS1 gene location {{Chr19}}q13.12, mutations in this gene are associated with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome. (More? {{renal abnormalities}})

	* '''nephrogenic rest''' - Used to describe the embryonic blastema cells which persist and under either genetic or epigenetic can change to become a neoplastic rest. These neoplastic rests can develop postnatally as a benign form (adenomatous rest) or a malignant Wilm's tumour form. The rests are further characterised by the time of generation leading to different anatomical kidney locations: early intralobar nephrogenic rests (within the renal lobe) and late pelilobar nephrogenic rests (periphery of the renal lobe)		* '''nephrogenic rest''' - Used to describe the embryonic blastema cells which persist and under either genetic or epigenetic can change to become a neoplastic rest. These neoplastic rests can develop postnatally as a benign form (adenomatous rest) or a malignant Wilm's tumour form. The rests are further characterised by the time of generation leading to different anatomical kidney locations: early intralobar nephrogenic rests (within the renal lobe) and late pelilobar nephrogenic rests (periphery of the renal lobe)
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	* '''parietal layer''' - Cells of the outer of Bowman's capsule that form a simple squamous epithelium. The inner layer is the visceral layer.		* '''parietal layer''' - Cells of the outer of Bowman's capsule that form a simple squamous epithelium. The inner layer is the visceral layer.

			* '''podocin''' - protein of the slit diaphragm of renal filtration barrier, located at the cell surface in the area between two podocytes. NPHS2 gene location {{Chr1}}q25.2, mutations in this gene are associated with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome. (More? {{renal abnormalities}})

	* '''podocyte''' - (visceral epithelial cell) kidney glomerulus cell forming the main component of the glomerular filtration barrier. (glomerular podocyte) Kidney epithelial cell type in the nephron (kidney functional unit) located in the glomerulus. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule and are at the filtration barrier between capillary blood and the nephron tubular system and function to ultrafiltrate blood, and support glomerular capillary pressures. The differentiation of podocytes involves the formation of cellular foot processes and then the slit membrane. (More? [[:File:Nephron_histology_02.jpg\|image]])		* '''podocyte''' - (visceral epithelial cell) kidney glomerulus cell forming the main component of the glomerular filtration barrier. (glomerular podocyte) Kidney epithelial cell type in the nephron (kidney functional unit) located in the glomerulus. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule and are at the filtration barrier between capillary blood and the nephron tubular system and function to ultrafiltrate blood, and support glomerular capillary pressures. The differentiation of podocytes involves the formation of cellular foot processes and then the slit membrane. (More? [[:File:Nephron_histology_02.jpg\|image]])

Z8600021 at 22:47, 15 November 2017

2017-11-15T22:47:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:47, 16 November 2017
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	* '''Bowman's capsule''' - (capsula glomeruli, glomerular capsule) Surrounds the glomerulus within the nephron with a vascular and urinary pole and is the beginning of the tubular component. Named in 1842 after Sir William Bowman (1816 – 1892) an English surgeon and anatomist.		* '''Bowman's capsule''' - (capsula glomeruli, glomerular capsule) Surrounds the glomerulus within the nephron with a vascular and urinary pole and is the beginning of the tubular component. Named in 1842 after Sir William Bowman (1816 – 1892) an English surgeon and anatomist.

	* '''Brenner hypothesis''' - a clinical hypothesis that states, individuals with a congenital reduction in nephron number have a much greater likelihood of developing adult hypertension and subsequent renal failure. Developed in the 1980's by [https://nephrology.ucsf.edu/about/hist-brenner.html Barry Brenner] at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, this also fits with the [Abnormal Development - Developmental Origins of Health and Disease\|DOHAD hypothesis]. (More? [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3063284 PubMed 3063284] \| [https://nephrology.ucsf.edu/about/hist-brenner.html Barry Brenner])		* '''Brenner hypothesis''' - a clinical hypothesis that states, individuals with a congenital reduction in nephron number have a much greater likelihood of developing adult hypertension and subsequent renal failure. Developed in the 1980's by [https://nephrology.ucsf.edu/about/hist-brenner.html Barry Brenner] at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, this also fits with the [[Abnormal Development - Developmental Origins of Health and Disease\|DOHAD hypothesis]]. (More? [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3063284 PubMed 3063284] \| [https://nephrology.ucsf.edu/about/hist-brenner.html Barry Brenner])

	* '''capillary loop''' - (C stage) The third stage in nephron development between 25-29 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)		* '''capillary loop''' - (C stage) The third stage in nephron development between 25-29 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

Z8600021 at 22:39, 15 November 2017

2017-11-15T22:39:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:39, 16 November 2017
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	* '''blastema''' - Term used to describe a mass of undifferentiated cells. (More? [[W#Wilms_tumour\|Wilm's tumour]])		* '''blastema''' - Term used to describe a mass of undifferentiated cells. (More? [[W#Wilms_tumour\|Wilm's tumour]])

	* '''Bowman's capsule''' - (capsula glomeruli, glomerular capsule) Surrounds the glomerulus within the nephron with a vascular and urinary pole and is the beginning of the tubular component. Named in 1842 after Sir William Bowman (1816 – 1892) an English surgeon and anatomist.		* '''Bowman's capsule''' - (capsula glomeruli, glomerular capsule) Surrounds the glomerulus within the nephron with a vascular and urinary pole and is the beginning of the tubular component. Named in 1842 after Sir William Bowman (1816 – 1892) an English surgeon and anatomist.

			* '''Brenner hypothesis''' - a clinical hypothesis that states, individuals with a congenital reduction in nephron number have a much greater likelihood of developing adult hypertension and subsequent renal failure. Developed in the 1980's by [https://nephrology.ucsf.edu/about/hist-brenner.html Barry Brenner] at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, this also fits with the [Abnormal Development - Developmental Origins of Health and Disease\|DOHAD hypothesis]. (More? [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3063284 PubMed 3063284] \| [https://nephrology.ucsf.edu/about/hist-brenner.html Barry Brenner])

	* '''capillary loop''' - (C stage) The third stage in nephron development between 25-29 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)		* '''capillary loop''' - (C stage) The third stage in nephron development between 25-29 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

Z8600021 at 06:42, 20 September 2017

2017-09-20T06:42:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:42, 20 September 2017
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	* '''loop of Henle''' - Nephron region spanning from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Named after Named after Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (1809–1885) a German anatomist.		* '''loop of Henle''' - Nephron region spanning from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Named after Named after Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (1809–1885) a German anatomist.

	* '''macula densa''' - Columnar cell cluster appearing as a dense row of cell nuclei where the straight portion of the distal tubule contacts the glomerulus. Region also in close contact with the efferent and afferent arterioles of the glomerulus and involved in sodium chloride regulation. {More? [[:File:Nephron_histology_01.jpg\|image]])		* '''macula densa''' - Columnar cell cluster appearing as a dense row of cell nuclei where the straight portion of the distal tubule contacts the glomerulus. Region also in close contact with the efferent and afferent arterioles of the glomerulus and involved in sodium chloride regulation. (More? [[:File:Nephron_histology_01.jpg\|image]])

	* '''maturation stage''' - (M stage) The forth stage in nephron development in infants aged 1-6 months. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)		* '''maturation stage''' - (M stage) The forth stage in nephron development in infants aged 1-6 months. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)
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	* '''parietal layer''' - Cells of the outer of Bowman's capsule that form a simple squamous epithelium. The inner layer is the visceral layer.		* '''parietal layer''' - Cells of the outer of Bowman's capsule that form a simple squamous epithelium. The inner layer is the visceral layer.

	* '''podocyte''' - (visceral epithelial cell) kidney glomerulus cell forming the main component of the glomerular filtration barrier. (glomerular podocyte) Kidney epithelial cell type in the nephron (kidney functional unit) located in the glomerulus. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule and are at the filtration barrier between capillary blood and the nephron tubular system and function to ultrafiltrate blood, and support glomerular capillary pressures. The differentiation of podocytes involves the formation of cellular foot processes and then the slit membrane.		* '''podocyte''' - (visceral epithelial cell) kidney glomerulus cell forming the main component of the glomerular filtration barrier. (glomerular podocyte) Kidney epithelial cell type in the nephron (kidney functional unit) located in the glomerulus. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule and are at the filtration barrier between capillary blood and the nephron tubular system and function to ultrafiltrate blood, and support glomerular capillary pressures. The differentiation of podocytes involves the formation of cellular foot processes and then the slit membrane. (More? [[:File:Nephron_histology_02.jpg\|image]])

	* '''podocyte specific proteins''' - podocalyxin, glomerular epithelial protein-1, podocin, nephrin, synaptopodin, and alpha-actinin-4), podocyte synthesized proteins (vascular endothelial growth factor and novH), transcription factors (WT1 and PAX2).		* '''podocyte specific proteins''' - podocalyxin, glomerular epithelial protein-1, podocin, nephrin, synaptopodin, and alpha-actinin-4), podocyte synthesized proteins (vascular endothelial growth factor and novH), transcription factors (WT1 and PAX2).
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	* '''proteinuria''' - The abnormal presence of protein in the urine and an indicator of diesease including diabetic kidney disease (DKD, diabetic nephropathy).		* '''proteinuria''' - The abnormal presence of protein in the urine and an indicator of diesease including diabetic kidney disease (DKD, diabetic nephropathy).

	* '''proximal tubule''' -		* '''proximal tubule''' - Portion of the nephron duct between Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle, divided into the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the proximal straight tubule (PST).

	* '''renal''' - (Latin, ''renes'' = kidney) Term used in relation to the kidney and associated structures (renal pelvis, renal artery)		* '''renal''' - (Latin, ''renes'' = kidney) Term used in relation to the kidney and associated structures (renal pelvis, renal artery)

Z8600021 at 06:38, 20 September 2017

2017-09-20T06:38:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:38, 20 September 2017
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	* '''loop of Henle''' - Nephron region spanning from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Named after Named after Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (1809–1885) a German anatomist.		* '''loop of Henle''' - Nephron region spanning from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Named after Named after Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (1809–1885) a German anatomist.

	* '''macula densa''' - Columnar cell cluster appearing as a dense row of cell nuclei where the straight portion of the distal tubule contacts the glomerulus. Region also in close contact with the efferent and afferent arterioles of the glomerulus and involved in sodium chloride regulation.		* '''macula densa''' - Columnar cell cluster appearing as a dense row of cell nuclei where the straight portion of the distal tubule contacts the glomerulus. Region also in close contact with the efferent and afferent arterioles of the glomerulus and involved in sodium chloride regulation. {More? [[:File:Nephron_histology_01.jpg\|image]])

	* '''maturation stage''' - (M stage) The forth stage in nephron development in infants aged 1-6 months. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)		* '''maturation stage''' - (M stage) The forth stage in nephron development in infants aged 1-6 months. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

Z8600021 at 06:37, 20 September 2017

2017-09-20T06:37:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:37, 20 September 2017
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	* '''loop of Henle''' - Nephron region spanning from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Named after Named after Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (1809–1885) a German anatomist.		* '''loop of Henle''' - Nephron region spanning from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Named after Named after Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (1809–1885) a German anatomist.

	* '''macula densa''' - Columnar cell cluster ~~located in~~ the ~~wall~~ of the ~~ascending limb at the transition to~~ distal ~~convoluted~~ tubule in the ~~nephron. Involved~~ in sodium chloride regulation.		* '''macula densa''' - Columnar cell cluster appearing as a dense row of cell nuclei where the straight portion of the distal tubule contacts the glomerulus. Region also in close contact with the efferent and afferent arterioles of the glomerulus and involved in sodium chloride regulation.

	* '''maturation stage''' - (M stage) The forth stage in nephron development in infants aged 1-6 months. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)		* '''maturation stage''' - (M stage) The forth stage in nephron development in infants aged 1-6 months. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

Z8600021 at 06:33, 20 September 2017

2017-09-20T06:33:04Z

Z8600021 at 06:26, 20 September 2017

2017-09-20T06:26:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 20 September 2017
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	* '''Bowman's capsule''' - (capsula glomeruli, glomerular capsule) Surrounds the glomerulus within the nephron with a vascular and urinary pole and is the beginning of the tubular component. Named in 1842 after Sir William Bowman (1816 – 1892) an English surgeon and anatomist.		* '''Bowman's capsule''' - (capsula glomeruli, glomerular capsule) Surrounds the glomerulus within the nephron with a vascular and urinary pole and is the beginning of the tubular component. Named in 1842 after Sir William Bowman (1816 – 1892) an English surgeon and anatomist.

			* '''capillary loop''' - (C stage) The third stage in nephron development between 25-29 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

	* '''diabetes insipidus''' - The disorder is related to the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin) its synthesis, secretion, receptors and signaling pathway. In diabetes insipidus there is an excretion of large amounts (up to 30 litres/day) of a watery urine and an unremitting thirst.		* '''diabetes insipidus''' - The disorder is related to the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called vasopressin) its synthesis, secretion, receptors and signaling pathway. In diabetes insipidus there is an excretion of large amounts (up to 30 litres/day) of a watery urine and an unremitting thirst.
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	* '''macula densa''' - Columnar cell cluster located in the wall of the ascending limb at the transition to distal convoluted tubule in the nephron. Involved in sodium chloride regulation.		* '''macula densa''' - Columnar cell cluster located in the wall of the ascending limb at the transition to distal convoluted tubule in the nephron. Involved in sodium chloride regulation.

			* '''maturation stage''' - (M stage) The forth stage in nephron development in infants aged 1-6 months. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

	* '''mesangial cells''' - Cells in the nephron glomerulus that form the connective tissue giving structural support to podocytes and vessels.		* '''mesangial cells''' - Cells in the nephron glomerulus that form the connective tissue giving structural support to podocytes and vessels.
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	* '''renal''' - (Latin, ''renes'' = kidney) Term used in relation to the kidney and associated structures (renal pelvis, renal artery)		* '''renal''' - (Latin, ''renes'' = kidney) Term used in relation to the kidney and associated structures (renal pelvis, renal artery)

			* '''S-shaped body''' - (S stage) The second stage in nephron development between 20-24 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

	* '''transitional epithelium''' - (urothelium)		* '''transitional epithelium''' - (urothelium)
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	* '''visceral layer''' - Cells (podocytes) of the inner of Bowman's capsule that form extremely complex shapes. Cytoplasm form a fenestrated epithelium around the fenestrated capillaries of the glomerulus. The outer layer is the parietal layer.		* '''visceral layer''' - Cells (podocytes) of the inner of Bowman's capsule that form extremely complex shapes. Cytoplasm form a fenestrated epithelium around the fenestrated capillaries of the glomerulus. The outer layer is the parietal layer.

			* '''vesicle stage ''' - (V stage) The first stage in nephron development between 13-19 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

	* '''urinary''' - Term used to describe all components of the kidney system including the bladder, ureters and urethra.		* '''urinary''' - Term used to describe all components of the kidney system including the bladder, ureters and urethra.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:33, 20 September 2017
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	* '''metanephros''' - The adult kidney, third stage of mammalian kidney (pro-, meso-, '''meta-''') development within the intermediate mesoderm.		* '''metanephros''' - The adult kidney, third stage of mammalian kidney (pro-, meso-, '''meta-''') development within the intermediate mesoderm.

	* '''metanephric cap''' - ~~In kidney development, the~~ intermediate mesoderm which surrounds the ureteric bud and will ~~develop into nephrons~~.		* '''metanephric cap''' - (metanephric blastema) The intermediate mesoderm which surrounds the ureteric bud and will contribute most of the adult nephron.

	* '''~~Multicystic Kidney~~''' - There is no functional kidney tissue present in the kidney and it is replaced by a multilocular cyst. This is non-familial and is produced by atresia of a ureter and is always unilateral.		* '''multicystic kidney''' - There is no functional kidney tissue present in the kidney and it is replaced by a multilocular cyst. This is non-familial and is produced by atresia of a ureter and is always unilateral.

	* '''neoplastic rest''' - In kidney development, a neoplastic rest can develop under either genetic or epigenetic influence from a hyperplastic rest, originating from an embryonic blastema cell. Normally the majority of nephrogenic rests either regress or become dormant.		* '''neoplastic rest''' - In kidney development, a neoplastic rest can develop under either genetic or epigenetic influence from a hyperplastic rest, originating from an embryonic blastema cell. Normally the majority of nephrogenic rests either regress or become dormant.

	* '''nephrogenic rest''' - ~~A kidney term used~~ to describe the embryonic blastema cells which persist and under either genetic or epigenetic can change to become a neoplastic rest. These neoplastic rests can develop postnatally as a benign form (adenomatous rest) or a malignant ~~[[W#Wilms_tumour\|~~Wilm's tumour]] form. The rests are further characterised by the time of generation leading to different anatomical kidney locations: early intralobar nephrogenic rests (within the renal lobe) and late pelilobar nephrogenic rests (periphery of the renal lobe)		* '''nephrogenic rest''' - Used to describe the embryonic blastema cells which persist and under either genetic or epigenetic can change to become a neoplastic rest. These neoplastic rests can develop postnatally as a benign form (adenomatous rest) or a malignant Wilm's tumour form. The rests are further characterised by the time of generation leading to different anatomical kidney locations: early intralobar nephrogenic rests (within the renal lobe) and late pelilobar nephrogenic rests (periphery of the renal lobe)
	* '''nephron''' - (Greek, ''nephros'' = kidney) The functional unit of the kidney.
			* '''nephron''' - (Greek, ''nephros'' = kidney) The functional unit of the adult kidney.

	* '''nephros''' - (Greek, ''nephros'' = kidney) Term used to describe features associated with the kidney. (pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros, nephric, nephron, nephroblastoma).		* '''nephros''' - (Greek, ''nephros'' = kidney) Term used to describe features associated with the kidney. (pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros, nephric, nephron, nephroblastoma).
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	* '''parietal layer''' - Cells of the outer of Bowman's capsule that form a simple squamous epithelium. The inner layer is the visceral layer.		* '''parietal layer''' - Cells of the outer of Bowman's capsule that form a simple squamous epithelium. The inner layer is the visceral layer.

	* '''podocyte''' - (visceral epithelial cell) kidney glomerulus cell forming the main component of the glomerular filtration barrier. (glomerular podocyte) Kidney epithelial cell type in the ~~[[N#~~nephron~~\|nephron]]~~ (kidney functional unit) located in the ~~[[G#~~glomerulus~~\|glomerulus]]~~. Podocytes form the visceral layer of ~~[[B#Bowman's capsule\|~~Bowman's capsule]] and are at the filtration barrier between capillary blood and the nephron tubular system and function to ultrafiltrate blood, and support glomerular capillary pressures. The differentiation of podocytes involves the formation of cellular foot processes and then the slit membrane.		* '''podocyte''' - (visceral epithelial cell) kidney glomerulus cell forming the main component of the glomerular filtration barrier. (glomerular podocyte) Kidney epithelial cell type in the nephron (kidney functional unit) located in the glomerulus. Podocytes form the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule and are at the filtration barrier between capillary blood and the nephron tubular system and function to ultrafiltrate blood, and support glomerular capillary pressures. The differentiation of podocytes involves the formation of cellular foot processes and then the slit membrane.

	* '''podocyte specific proteins''' - podocalyxin, glomerular epithelial protein-1, podocin, nephrin, synaptopodin, and alpha-actinin-4), podocyte synthesized proteins (vascular endothelial growth factor and novH), transcription factors (WT1 and PAX2).		* '''podocyte specific proteins''' - podocalyxin, glomerular epithelial protein-1, podocin, nephrin, synaptopodin, and alpha-actinin-4), podocyte synthesized proteins (vascular endothelial growth factor and novH), transcription factors (WT1 and PAX2).
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	* '''S-shaped body''' - (S stage) The second stage in nephron development between 20-24 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)		* '''S-shaped body''' - (S stage) The second stage in nephron development between 20-24 weeks. (stage sequence: V - S - C - M)

	* '''transitional epithelium''' - (urothelium)		* '''transitional epithelium''' - (urothelium) Histological term to describe the epithelium lining the ureters and urinary bladder. (More? [[:File:Ureter histology 002.jpg\|image]])

	* '''trigone''' - refers to the urinary bladder triangular region formed by the two ureters and the urethra.		* '''trigone''' - refers to the urinary bladder triangular region formed by the two ureters and the urethra.