Template:Endocrine embryo table - Revision history

Z8600021 at 01:20, 12 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-12T01:20:28Z

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	{\|		{\|
	\|-bgcolor="CEDFF2"		\|-bgcolor="CEDFF2"
	\|+ Human Embryonic Endocrine Timeline		\|+ '''Human Embryonic Endocrine Timeline'''
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Carnegie stage 13\|'''Stage 13''']] (week 4)		\| [[Carnegie stage 13\|'''Stage 13''']] (week 4)

Z8600021 at 01:17, 12 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-12T01:17:33Z

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	{\|		{\|
	\|-bgcolor="CEDFF2"		\|-bgcolor="CEDFF2"
	! Human Endocrine ~~- Embryonic~~ Timeline		\|+ Human Embryonic Endocrine Timeline
	\|-
	~~\| Data based on data from O'Rahilly (1983).<ref name=O'Rahilly1983a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1983a}}</ref>~~
	~~:::{{pineal}} (epiphysis cerebri) \| {{pituitary}} (hypophysis) \| {{thyroid}} \| {{parathyroid}} \| {{thymus‎}} \| {{pancreas‎}} \| {{adrenal‎}} (suprarenal)~~
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Carnegie stage 13\|'''Stage 13''']] (week 4)		\| [[Carnegie stage 13\|'''Stage 13''']] (week 4)
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	** Adrenal Medulla - Nerve fibres and neuroblasts are first seen in the body of the gland. The paragangtion (M3) cells are beginning to multiply rapidly and, from 30 mm (stage 23) until birth, some are differentiating into chromaffin cells.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref>		** Adrenal Medulla - Nerve fibres and neuroblasts are first seen in the body of the gland. The paragangtion (M3) cells are beginning to multiply rapidly and, from 30 mm (stage 23) until birth, some are differentiating into chromaffin cells.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
			\| Table Data<ref name=O'Rahilly1983a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1983a}}</ref>

			:Links: {{pineal}} (epiphysis cerebri) \| {{pituitary}} (hypophysis) \| {{thyroid}} \| {{parathyroid}} \| {{thymus‎}} \| {{pancreas‎}} \| {{adrenal‎}} (suprarenal)
	\| '''References'''		\| '''References'''
	<references/>		<references/>
	\|}<noinclude>[[Category:Endocrine]][[Category:Timeline]]</noinclude>		\|}<noinclude>[[Category:Endocrine]][[Category:Timeline]]</noinclude>

Z8600021 at 01:03, 12 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-12T01:03:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:03, 12 Mayıs 2018
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	\| Data based on data from O'Rahilly (1983).<ref name=O'Rahilly1983a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1983a}}</ref>		\| Data based on data from O'Rahilly (1983).<ref name=O'Rahilly1983a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1983a}}</ref>
	:::~~[[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]]~~ (~~Epiphysis~~) \| ~~[[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]]~~ (~~Hypophysis~~) \| ~~[[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]] \| [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development\|Parathyroid]] \| [[Endocrine - Thymus Development\|Thymus‎]]~~ \| ~~[[Endocrine - Pancreas Development~~\|~~Pancreas‎]]~~ \| ~~[[Endocrine - Adrenal Development~~\|~~Adrenal‎]]~~ (~~Suprarenal~~)		:::{{pineal}} (epiphysis cerebri) \| {{pituitary}} (hypophysis) \| {{thyroid}} \| {{parathyroid}} \| {{thymus‎}} \| {{pancreas‎}} \| {{adrenal‎}} (suprarenal)
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Carnegie stage 13\|'''Stage 13''']] (week 4)		\| [[Carnegie stage 13\|'''Stage 13''']] (week 4)

Z8600021 at 04:47, 1 November 2016

2016-11-01T04:47:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:47, 1 November 2016
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	** Adrenal Medulla - Nerve fibres and neuroblasts are first seen in the body of the gland. The paragangtion (M3) cells are beginning to multiply rapidly and, from 30 mm (stage 23) until birth, some are differentiating into chromaffin cells.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref>		** Adrenal Medulla - Nerve fibres and neuroblasts are first seen in the body of the gland. The paragangtion (M3) cells are beginning to multiply rapidly and, from 30 mm (stage 23) until birth, some are differentiating into chromaffin cells.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
			\| '''References'''
			<references/>
	\|}<noinclude>[[Category:Endocrine]][[Category:Timeline]]</noinclude>		\|}<noinclude>[[Category:Endocrine]][[Category:Timeline]]</noinclude>

Z8600021 at 04:43, 1 November 2016

2016-11-01T04:43:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:43, 1 November 2016
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	** Adrenal Medulla - Nerve fibres and neuroblasts are first seen in the body of the gland. The paragangtion (M3) cells are beginning to multiply rapidly and, from 30 mm (stage 23) until birth, some are differentiating into chromaffin cells.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref>		** Adrenal Medulla - Nerve fibres and neuroblasts are first seen in the body of the gland. The paragangtion (M3) cells are beginning to multiply rapidly and, from 30 mm (stage 23) until birth, some are differentiating into chromaffin cells.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	~~\| '''References'''~~		\|}<noinclude>[[Category:Endocrine]][[Category:Timeline]]</noinclude>
	~~<references/>~~
	\|}
	<noinclude>[[Category:Endocrine]][[Category:Timeline]]</noinclude>

Z8600021 at 04:40, 1 November 2016

2016-11-01T04:40:14Z

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	{\|		{\|
	\|-bgcolor="CEDFF2"		\|-bgcolor="CEDFF2"
	! Human Embryonic ~~Endocrine~~		! Human Endocrine - Embryonic Timeline
	\|-		\|-
	\| Data based on data from O'Rahilly (1983).<ref name=O'Rahilly1983a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1983a}}</ref>		\| Data based on data from O'Rahilly (1983).<ref name=O'Rahilly1983a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1983a}}</ref>

Z8600021 at 04:39, 1 November 2016

2016-11-01T04:39:45Z

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	<references/>		<references/>
	\|}		\|}
	[[Category:Endocrine]][[Category:Timeline]]		<noinclude>[[Category:Endocrine]][[Category:Timeline]]</noinclude>

Z8600021 at 04:37, 1 November 2016

2016-11-01T04:37:54Z

Z8600021 at 04:35, 1 November 2016

2016-11-01T04:35:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 1 November 2016
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	\| [[Carnegie stage 17\|'''Stage 17''']]		\| [[Carnegie stage 17\|'''Stage 17''']]
	* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - juxtacerebral wall of the craniopharyngeal pouch is the thicker. The lateral lobes (future infundibular, or tuberal, part) and the anterior chamber (Vorraum) are clearly visible.<ref name=O'Rahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>The infundibular recess displays a characteristically folded wall, namely the neurohypophysis.<ref name=O'Rahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - juxtacerebral wall of the craniopharyngeal pouch is the thicker. The lateral lobes (future infundibular, or tuberal, part) and the anterior chamber (Vorraum) are clearly visible.<ref name=O'Rahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>The infundibular recess displays a characteristically folded wall, namely the neurohypophysis.<ref name=O'Rahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>
	* Thymus - connection of the thymus with the pharynx has been severed ~~(Weller 1933)~~. The thymus is intimately approximated to the cervical duct (ibid.) According to Norris (1937), both third and fourth pouches make contact with the ectoderm, although only the third "receives an increment from the ectoderm".		* Thymus - connection of the thymus with the pharynx has been severed.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> The thymus is intimately approximated to the cervical duct (ibid.) According to Norris (1937), both third and fourth pouches make contact with the ectoderm, although only the third "receives an increment from the ectoderm".
	* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development\|Parathyroids]] -parathyroid 4 is attached to the lateral surface of what Weller (1933)<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> termed the "lateral thyroid component"		* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development\|Parathyroids]] -parathyroid 4 is attached to the lateral surface of what Weller (1933)<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> termed the "lateral thyroid component"
	* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]]. The lobes of the thyroid curve around the carotid arteries and are connected by a delicate isthmus. Lacunae "should not be confused with lumina of follicles".<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]]. The lobes of the thyroid curve around the carotid arteries and are connected by a delicate isthmus. Lacunae "should not be confused with lumina of follicles".<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref>
	* [[Endocrine - Adrenal Development\|Adrenal‎]]		* [[Endocrine - Adrenal Development\|Adrenal‎]]
	** Adrenal Cortex - dorsal part of the whole suprarenal primordium is disorganized by the invasion of sympathetic nerves and cells, while the band of C2 cells and the coelomic epithelium remain intact ~~(Crowder 1957)~~.		** Adrenal Cortex - dorsal part of the whole suprarenal primordium is disorganized by the invasion of sympathetic nerves and cells, while the band of C2 cells and the coelomic epithelium remain intact.<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref>
	** Adrenal Medulla - first neural migration is at its height. Growth of the para-aortic complex is extensive. The plexiform complex is derived from paravertebral sympathetic ganglia T6-12 and usually L 1. Included in it are the primordia of the suprarenal medulla and of the celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal plexuses. Nerve fibres and "paraganglion" (M3) cells enter.		** Adrenal Medulla - first neural migration is at its height. Growth of the para-aortic complex is extensive. The plexiform complex is derived from paravertebral sympathetic ganglia T6-12 and usually L 1. Included in it are the primordia of the suprarenal medulla and of the celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal plexuses. Nerve fibres and "paraganglion" (M3) cells enter.
	* Pancreas - ventral pancreas has now fused with dorsal.<ref name=Streeter1948>{{Ref-Streeter1948}}</ref> Perhaps the ventral and dorsal ducts have begun to blend ~~(Russu and Vaida 1959)~~.		* Pancreas - ventral pancreas has now fused with dorsal.<ref name=Streeter1948>{{Ref-Streeter1948}}</ref> Perhaps the ventral and dorsal ducts have begun to blend.<ref name=RussuVaida1959>{{Ref-RussuVaida1959}}</ref>
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\| [[Carnegie stage 18\|'''Stage 18''']] (week 7)		\| [[Carnegie stage 18\|'''Stage 18''']] (week 7)

Z8600021 at 04:30, 1 November 2016

2016-11-01T04:30:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 1 November 2016
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	\| [[Carnegie stage 13\|'''Stage 13''']] (week 4)		\| [[Carnegie stage 13\|'''Stage 13''']] (week 4)
	* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - basement membranes of the craniopharyngeal pouch and the brain are clearly in contact.<ref name=~~O'Rahilly1973~~>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - basement membranes of the craniopharyngeal pouch and the brain are clearly in contact.<ref name=ORahilly1973>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973}}</ref>
	* [[Endocrine - Thymus Development\|Thymus‎]] - Weller (1933)<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> recognized already a thymic primordium "of considerable size" on the ventral part of the third pharyngeal pouch, whereas Norris (1938)<ref name=Norris1938>{{Ref-Norris1938}}</ref> considered this stage to be "preprimordial"		* [[Endocrine - Thymus Development\|Thymus‎]] - Weller (1933)<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> recognized already a thymic primordium "of considerable size" on the ventral part of the third pharyngeal pouch, whereas Norris (1938)<ref name=Norris1938>{{Ref-Norris1938}}</ref> considered this stage to be "preprimordial"
	* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]] - median thyroid is now bilobed and is connected to the pharynx by a hollow pedicle.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> The telopharyngeal body has been regarded as a "lateral thyroid component" by some workers.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]] - median thyroid is now bilobed and is connected to the pharynx by a hollow pedicle.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> The telopharyngeal body has been regarded as a "lateral thyroid component" by some workers.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref>
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	\| [[Carnegie stage 14\|'''Stage 14''']] (week 5)		\| [[Carnegie stage 14\|'''Stage 14''']] (week 5)
	* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - a slight irregularity in the surface outline of the intact head corresponds to the future pineal body (O'Rahilly et al. 1982).		* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - a slight irregularity in the surface outline of the intact head corresponds to the future pineal body (O'Rahilly et al. 1982).
	* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - craniopharyngeal pouch is prominent<ref name=Streeter1945>{{Ref-Streeter1945}}</ref> and the notochord appears to be inserted into its dorsal wall. The craniopharyngeal pouch has become elongated and blood vessels are beginning to grow in between the basement membranes of the pouch and brain.<ref name=~~O'Rahilly1973a~~>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - craniopharyngeal pouch is prominent<ref name=Streeter1945>{{Ref-Streeter1945}}</ref> and the notochord appears to be inserted into its dorsal wall. The craniopharyngeal pouch has become elongated and blood vessels are beginning to grow in between the basement membranes of the pouch and brain.<ref name=ORahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>
	* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]] - thyroid pedicle shows further elongation but is still connected to the epithelium of the pharynx.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> Right and left lobes and an isthmus may perhaps be presaged (ibid.).		* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]] - thyroid pedicle shows further elongation but is still connected to the epithelium of the pharynx.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> Right and left lobes and an isthmus may perhaps be presaged (ibid.).
	* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development\|Parathyroids]] - "Parathyrogenic zones" <ref name=PolitzerHann1935>{{Ref-PolitzerHann1935}}</ref> are recognizable.<ref name=Streeter1945>{{Ref-Streeter1945}}</ref> The parathyroid 4 primordium has been illustrated at this stage by Weller (1933, Fig. 16).		* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development\|Parathyroids]] - "Parathyrogenic zones" <ref name=PolitzerHann1935>{{Ref-PolitzerHann1935}}</ref> are recognizable.<ref name=Streeter1945>{{Ref-Streeter1945}}</ref> The parathyroid 4 primordium has been illustrated at this stage by Weller (1933, Fig. 16).
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	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\| [[Carnegie stage 16\|'''Stage 16''']] (week 6)		\| [[Carnegie stage 16\|'''Stage 16''']] (week 6)
	* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - slight indication of the infundibular recess may be seen in some embryos.<ref name=~~O'Rahilly1973a~~>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - slight indication of the infundibular recess may be seen in some embryos.<ref name=ORahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>
	* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - cellular migration in an external direction occurs in the pineal body during stages 16 and 17 (Stadium 2 of Turkewitsch)<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref><ref name=O'Rahilly1968>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1968}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - cellular migration in an external direction occurs in the pineal body during stages 16 and 17 (Stadium 2 of Turkewitsch)<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref><ref name=O'Rahilly1968>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1968}}</ref>
	* Thymus - according to Norris (1938)<ref name=Norris1938>{{Ref-Norris1938}}</ref> , "not until the primordium of the parathyroid [3] has been outlined can the remaining portion of the third pouch be recognized, by exclusion, as the primordium of the endodermal thymus".		* Thymus - according to Norris (1938)<ref name=Norris1938>{{Ref-Norris1938}}</ref> , "not until the primordium of the parathyroid [3] has been outlined can the remaining portion of the third pouch be recognized, by exclusion, as the primordium of the endodermal thymus".
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	\| [[Carnegie stage 17\|'''Stage 17''']]		\| [[Carnegie stage 17\|'''Stage 17''']]
	* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - juxtacerebral wall of the craniopharyngeal pouch is the thicker. The lateral lobes (future infundibular, or tuberal, part) and the anterior chamber (Vorraum) are clearly visible.<ref name=~~O'Rahilly1973a~~>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>The infundibular recess displays a characteristically folded wall, namely the neurohypophysis.<ref name=~~O'Rahilly1973a~~>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - juxtacerebral wall of the craniopharyngeal pouch is the thicker. The lateral lobes (future infundibular, or tuberal, part) and the anterior chamber (Vorraum) are clearly visible.<ref name=ORahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>The infundibular recess displays a characteristically folded wall, namely the neurohypophysis.<ref name=ORahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>
	* Thymus - connection of the thymus with the pharynx has been severed.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> The thymus is intimately approximated to the cervical duct (ibid.) According to Norris (1937), both third and fourth pouches make contact with the ectoderm, although only the third "receives an increment from the ectoderm".		* Thymus - connection of the thymus with the pharynx has been severed.<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> The thymus is intimately approximated to the cervical duct (ibid.) According to Norris (1937), both third and fourth pouches make contact with the ectoderm, although only the third "receives an increment from the ectoderm".
	* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development\|Parathyroids]] -parathyroid 4 is attached to the lateral surface of what Weller (1933)<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> termed the "lateral thyroid component"		* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development\|Parathyroids]] -parathyroid 4 is attached to the lateral surface of what Weller (1933)<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> termed the "lateral thyroid component"
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	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\| [[Carnegie stage 18\|'''Stage 18''']] (week 7)		\| [[Carnegie stage 18\|'''Stage 18''']] (week 7)
	* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - cellular migration in the pineal body forms a distinct "anterior lobe" in which follicles appear (Stadium 3 of Turkewitsch)<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref>)<ref name=~~O'Rahilly1973a~~>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - cellular migration in the pineal body forms a distinct "anterior lobe" in which follicles appear (Stadium 3 of Turkewitsch)<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref>)<ref name=ORahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>
	* Thymus- thymus makes contact with the thyroid gland and contains a series of canals internally (Weller 1933).		* Thymus- thymus makes contact with the thyroid gland and contains a series of canals internally (Weller 1933).
	* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]] - median thyroid is in contact with "lateral thyroid components"<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref>but others have maintained that the telopharyngeal body should not be regarded as a thyroid component (Bejdl and Politzer 1953). The lobes of the thyroid are "composed of series of continuously communicating solid annectent bars" this is "the earliest stage of the definitive thyroid".<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> First differentiation occurs in Weller's (1933) "lateral thyroid component," which is beginning to "blend into uniformly constituted thyroid tissue". Weller (1933) illustrated (Fig. 11) a thyroid gland that still showed continuity between its pedicle and the epithelium of the pharynx.		* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]] - median thyroid is in contact with "lateral thyroid components"<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref>but others have maintained that the telopharyngeal body should not be regarded as a thyroid component (Bejdl and Politzer 1953). The lobes of the thyroid are "composed of series of continuously communicating solid annectent bars" this is "the earliest stage of the definitive thyroid".<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> First differentiation occurs in Weller's (1933) "lateral thyroid component," which is beginning to "blend into uniformly constituted thyroid tissue". Weller (1933) illustrated (Fig. 11) a thyroid gland that still showed continuity between its pedicle and the epithelium of the pharynx.
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	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\| [[Carnegie stage 20\|'''Stage 20''']] (week 8)		\| [[Carnegie stage 20\|'''Stage 20''']] (week 8)
	* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - the adenohypophysial epithelium adjacent to the neurohy- pophysis constitutes the beginning pars intermedia.<ref name=~~O'Rahilly1973a~~>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref> The walls of the craniopharyngeal pouch bud into the mesenchyme.<ref name=Andersen1971>{{Ref-Andersen1971}}</ref><ref name=Jirasek1980>{{Ref-Jirasek1980}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - the adenohypophysial epithelium adjacent to the neurohy- pophysis constitutes the beginning pars intermedia.<ref name=ORahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref> The walls of the craniopharyngeal pouch bud into the mesenchyme.<ref name=Andersen1971>{{Ref-Andersen1971}}</ref><ref name=Jirasek1980>{{Ref-Jirasek1980}}</ref>
	* Thymus - the right and left components are in contact with each other<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> but are "never completely fused"<ref name=Norris1938>{{Ref-Norris1938}}</ref> <ref name=Siegler1969>{{Ref-Siegler1969}}</ref>). Thymic cortex appears (in stages 20-22) as a result, according to Norris		* Thymus - the right and left components are in contact with each other<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> but are "never completely fused"<ref name=Norris1938>{{Ref-Norris1938}}</ref> <ref name=Siegler1969>{{Ref-Siegler1969}}</ref>). Thymic cortex appears (in stages 20-22) as a result, according to Norris
	(1938), of migration of and covering by "cells derived from the cervical sinus".		(1938), of migration of and covering by "cells derived from the cervical sinus".

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:30, 1 November 2016
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	\| [[Carnegie stage 15\|'''Stage 15''']]		\| [[Carnegie stage 15\|'''Stage 15''']]
	* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - pineal body is detectable in the roof of the diencephalon (Stadium I of Turkewitsch<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref><ref name=O'Rahilly1968>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1968}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - pineal body is detectable in the roof of the diencephalon (Stadium I of Turkewitsch)<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref><ref name=O'Rahilly1968>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1968}}</ref>
	* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]] - thyroid primordium may be detached from the pharyngeal epithelium in some instances. "At about the time" when the thyroglossal duct "becomes broken it loses its lumen".<ref name=Grosser1912>{{Ref-Grosser1912}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]] - thyroid primordium may be detached from the pharyngeal epithelium in some instances. "At about the time" when the thyroglossal duct "becomes broken it loses its lumen".<ref name=Grosser1912>{{Ref-Grosser1912}}</ref>
	* [[Endocrine - Adrenal Development\|Adrenal‎]]		* [[Endocrine - Adrenal Development\|Adrenal‎]]
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	\| [[Carnegie stage 16\|'''Stage 16''']] (week 6)		\| [[Carnegie stage 16\|'''Stage 16''']] (week 6)
	* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - slight indication of the infundibular recess may be seen in some embryos.<ref name=O'Rahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - slight indication of the infundibular recess may be seen in some embryos.<ref name=O'Rahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>
	* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - cellular migration in an external direction occurs in the pineal body during stages 16 and 17 (Stadium 2 of Turkewitsch<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref><ref name=O'Rahilly1968>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1968}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - cellular migration in an external direction occurs in the pineal body during stages 16 and 17 (Stadium 2 of Turkewitsch)<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref><ref name=O'Rahilly1968>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1968}}</ref>
	* Thymus - according to Norris (1938)<ref name=Norris1938>{{Ref-Norris1938}}</ref> , "not until the primordium of the parathyroid [3] has been outlined can the remaining portion of the third pouch be recognized, by exclusion, as the primordium of the endodermal thymus".		* Thymus - according to Norris (1938)<ref name=Norris1938>{{Ref-Norris1938}}</ref> , "not until the primordium of the parathyroid [3] has been outlined can the remaining portion of the third pouch be recognized, by exclusion, as the primordium of the endodermal thymus".
	* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development\|Parathyroids]] - parathyrogenic zones are closely related to the third and fourth aortic arches at 9 mm unstaged embryo). <ref name=PolitzerHann1935>{{Ref-PolitzerHann1935}}</ref> Parathyroid 3 is identifiable on the anterior wall of the third pharyngeal pouch (Weller 1933, Fig. 17) and "does not arise from a dorsal lobule" of the pouch.<ref name=Norris1937>{{Ref-Norris1937}}</ref> The "sudden appearance of well-differentiated clear chief cells in the early primordia of the parathyroids" at 9 mm was emphasized by Norris (1937).<ref name=Norris1937>{{Ref-Norris1937}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development\|Parathyroids]] - parathyrogenic zones are closely related to the third and fourth aortic arches at 9 mm unstaged embryo). <ref name=PolitzerHann1935>{{Ref-PolitzerHann1935}}</ref> Parathyroid 3 is identifiable on the anterior wall of the third pharyngeal pouch (Weller 1933, Fig. 17) and "does not arise from a dorsal lobule" of the pouch.<ref name=Norris1937>{{Ref-Norris1937}}</ref> The "sudden appearance of well-differentiated clear chief cells in the early primordia of the parathyroids" at 9 mm was emphasized by Norris (1937).<ref name=Norris1937>{{Ref-Norris1937}}</ref>
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	\| [[Carnegie stage 18\|'''Stage 18''']] (week 7)		\| [[Carnegie stage 18\|'''Stage 18''']] (week 7)
	* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - cellular migration in the pineal body forms a distinct "anterior lobe" in which follicles appear (Stadium 3 of Turkewitsch<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref>)<ref name=O'Rahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Pineal]] - cellular migration in the pineal body forms a distinct "anterior lobe" in which follicles appear (Stadium 3 of Turkewitsch)<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref>)<ref name=O'Rahilly1973a>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1973a}}</ref>
	* Thymus- thymus makes contact with the thyroid gland and contains a series of canals internally (Weller 1933).		* Thymus- thymus makes contact with the thyroid gland and contains a series of canals internally (Weller 1933).
	* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]] - median thyroid is in contact with "lateral thyroid components"<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref>but others have maintained that the telopharyngeal body should not be regarded as a thyroid component (Bejdl and Politzer 1953). The lobes of the thyroid are "composed of series of continuously communicating solid annectent bars" this is "the earliest stage of the definitive thyroid".<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> First differentiation occurs in Weller's (1933) "lateral thyroid component," which is beginning to "blend into uniformly constituted thyroid tissue". Weller (1933) illustrated (Fig. 11) a thyroid gland that still showed continuity between its pedicle and the epithelium of the pharynx.		* [[Endocrine - Thyroid Development‎\|Thyroid]] - median thyroid is in contact with "lateral thyroid components"<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref>but others have maintained that the telopharyngeal body should not be regarded as a thyroid component (Bejdl and Politzer 1953). The lobes of the thyroid are "composed of series of continuously communicating solid annectent bars" this is "the earliest stage of the definitive thyroid".<ref name=Weller1933>{{Ref-Weller1933}}</ref> First differentiation occurs in Weller's (1933) "lateral thyroid component," which is beginning to "blend into uniformly constituted thyroid tissue". Weller (1933) illustrated (Fig. 11) a thyroid gland that still showed continuity between its pedicle and the epithelium of the pharynx.
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	\| [[Carnegie stage 19\|'''Stage 19''']]		\| [[Carnegie stage 19\|'''Stage 19''']]
	* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - the caudal part of the craniopharyngeal pouch is reduced to a closed epithelial stem.<ref name=Andersen1971>{{Ref-Andersen1971}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pituitary Development‎\|Pituitary]] - the caudal part of the craniopharyngeal pouch is reduced to a closed epithelial stem.<ref name=Andersen1971>{{Ref-Andersen1971}}</ref>
	* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Epiphysis]] - the "anterior lobe" of the pineal body shows a characteristic step and wedge appearance (Stadium 4 of Turkewitsch<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref>)<ref name=O'Rahilly1968>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1968}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Pineal Development‎\|Epiphysis]] - the "anterior lobe" of the pineal body shows a characteristic step and wedge appearance (Stadium 4 of Turkewitsch)<ref name=Turkewitsch1933>{{Ref-Turkewitsch1933}}</ref>)<ref name=O'Rahilly1968>{{Ref-O'Rahilly1968}}</ref>
	* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development\|Parathyroids]] - 3 become detached from the pharyngeal endoderm.<ref name=Jirasek1980>{{Ref-Jirasek1980}}</ref>		* [[Endocrine - Parathyroid Development\|Parathyroids]] - 3 become detached from the pharyngeal endoderm.<ref name=Jirasek1980>{{Ref-Jirasek1980}}</ref>
	* Adrenal Cortex - C2 cells lie on the surface of the gland and form a "capsule".<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref>		* Adrenal Cortex - C2 cells lie on the surface of the gland and form a "capsule".<ref name=Crowder1957>{{Ref-Crowder1957}}</ref>