Talk:Renal System Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 13:24, 24 August 2020

2020-08-24T13:24:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:24, 24 August 2020
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	==2020==		==2020==
			{{#pmid:32645357}}

			'''Foxa1 and Foxa2 orchestrate development of the urethral tube and division of the embryonic cloaca through an autoregulatory loop with Shh'''

			Congenital anomalies of external genitalia affect approximately 1 in 125 live male births. Development of the genital tubercle, the precursor of the penis and clitoris, is regulated by the urethral plate epithelium, an endodermal signaling center. Signaling activity of the urethral plate is mediated by Sonic hedgehog (SHH), which coordinates outgrowth and patterning of the genital tubercle by controlling cell cycle kinetics and expression of downstream genes. The mechanisms that govern Shh transcription in urethral plate cells are largely unknown. Here we show that deletion of Foxa1 and Foxa2 results in persistent cloaca, an incomplete separation of urinary, genital, and anorectal tracts, and severe hypospadias, a failure of urethral tubulogenesis. Loss of Foxa2 and only one copy of Foxa1 results in urethral fistula, an additional opening of the penile urethra. Foxa1/a2 participate in an autoregulatory feedback loop with Shh, in which FOXA1 and FOXA2 positively regulate transcription of Shh in the urethra, and SHH feeds back to negatively regulate Foxa1 and Foxa2 expression. These findings reveal novel roles for Foxa genes in development of the urethral tube and in division of the embryonic cloaca.


	{{#pmid:31960613}}		{{#pmid:31960613}}

Z8600021 at 22:22, 23 Ocak 2020

2020-01-23T22:22:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:22, 24 Ocak 2020
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	{{Talk Page}}		{{Talk Page}}

			==2020==

			{{#pmid:31960613}}

			A practical guide to the stereological assessment of glomerular number, size, and cellular composition.

			Abstract
			The evaluation of a range of measures in the kidneys, such as developmental stage, rate and success, injury, and disease processes, relies on obtaining information on the three-dimensional structure of the renal corpuscles, and in particular the glomerular capillary tufts. To do this in the most accurate, comprehensive, and unbiased manner depends on a knowledge of stereological methods. In this article, we provide a practical guide for researchers on how to quantitate a number of structures in the kidneys, including the estimation of total glomerular number, glomerular capillary length and filtration surface area, and the cellular composition of individual glomeruli. Guidance is also provided on how to apply these methods to kidneys at different sizes and levels of maturity.
			© 2020 American Association for Anatomy.
			KEYWORDS:
			glomerulus; kidney development; nephron number; podocyte; stereology
			PMID: 31960613 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24361

	==2019==		==2019==

Z8600021 at 13:25, 19 Haziran 2019

2019-06-19T13:25:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:25, 19 Haziran 2019
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	{\|		{\|
	\| '''Paper''' \|\|width=100px\| Nyengaard 1992\|\|width=100px\| Bendtsen 1992\|\|width=100px\| Keller 2003 \|\|width=100px\| McNamara 2008\|\|width=100px\| McNamara 2009\|\|width=100px\| Zimanyi 2009 \|\|width=100px\| Cumulative \|\|width=100px\| Cumulative<br>(18-60)		\| '''Paper''' \|\|width=100px\| Nyengaard 1992\|\|width=100px\| Bendtsen 1992\|\|width=100px\| Keller<br>2003 \|\|width=100px\| McNamara 2008\|\|width=100px\| McNamara 2009\|\|width=100px\| Zimanyi 2009 \|\|width=100px\| Cumulative \|\|width=100px\| Cumulative<br>(18-60)
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Nephron <br> number''' (1,000)\|\| 638.6 \|\| 612.5 \|\| 1,074.4 \|\| 925.5 \|\| 1,053.4 \|\| 895.3 \|\| 803.7 \|\| 921.5		\| '''Nephron <br> number''' (1,000)\|\| 638.6 \|\| 612.5 \|\| 1,074.4 \|\| 925.5 \|\| 1,053.4 \|\| 895.3 \|\| 803.7 \|\| 921.5

Z8600021 at 13:23, 19 Haziran 2019

2019-06-19T13:23:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:23, 19 Haziran 2019
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	http://www.jurology.com/article/S0022-5347(09)02320-9/abstract		http://www.jurology.com/article/S0022-5347(09)02320-9/abstract

			==Abnormal==

			===Human embryo (12 mm) with mesohydronephrosis and ureterohydronephrosis===
			{{#pmid:1189894}}

			Abstract
			This report describes a human embryo with a length of 12 mm (horizon XVII Streeterm 35 +/- 1 day old), in which the following malformations appear: Dilation on both sides of the Wolffian ducts, and the more caudal mesonephritic glomerules (mesohydronephrosis). Dilatation of both ureters and renal pelvis (uretero-hydronephrosis). These malformations are the result of the accumulation of liquid secreted by the mesonephros in a cloaca which is dilated, unwalled and blocked by an epithelial plug which is continuous with the cloacal membrane.


	[[Category:References]]		[[Category:References]]

Z8600021 at 13:41, 23 Ocak 2019

2019-01-23T13:41:19Z

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 PMID: 16723986 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000397
 ===Hypertension, glomerular number, and birth weight in African Americans and white subjects in the southeastern United States===
 Kidney Int. 2006 Feb;69(4):671-8.
 Hughson MD, Douglas-Denton R, Bertram JF, Hoy WE.

Z8600021 at 13:31, 23 Ocak 2019

2019-01-23T13:31:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:31, 23 Ocak 2019
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	{{#pmid:1546799}}		{{#pmid:1546799}}

			Kidney Int. 2006 Jul;70(1):104-10. Epub 2006 May 24.
			===Reduced nephron number and glomerulomegaly in Australian Aborigines: a group at high risk for renal disease and hypertension===

			'''Australian study'''

			Hoy WE1, Hughson MD, Singh GR, Douglas-Denton R, Bertram JF.
			Author information
			Abstract
			Aborigines in remote areas of Australia have much higher rates of renal disease, as well as hypertension and cardiovascular disease, than non-Aboriginal Australians. We compared kidney findings in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in one remote region. Glomerular number and mean glomerular volume were estimated with the disector/fractionator combination in the right kidney of 19 Aborigines and 24 non-Aboriginal people undergoing forensic autopsy for sudden or unexpected death in the Top End of the Northern Territory. Aborigines had 30% fewer glomeruli than non-Aborigines--202,000 fewer glomeruli per kidney, or an estimated 404,000 fewer per person (P=0.036). Their mean glomerular volume was 27% larger (P=0.016). Glomerular number was significantly correlated with adult height, inferring a relationship with birthweight, which, on average, is much lower in Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal people. Aboriginal people with a history of hypertension had 30% fewer glomeruli than those without--250,000 fewer per kidney (P=0.03), or 500,000 fewer per person, and their mean glomerular volume was about 25% larger. The lower nephron number in Aboriginal people is compatible with their susceptibility to renal failure. The additional nephron deficit associated with hypertension is compatible with other reports. Lower nephron numbers are probably due in part to reduced nephron endowment, which is related to a suboptimal intrauterine environment. Compensatory glomerular hypertrophy in people with fewer nephrons, while minimizing loss of total filtering surface area, might be exacerbating nephron loss. Optimization of fetal growth should ultimately reduce the florid epidemic of renal disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
			PMID: 16723986 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000397



	===Hypertension, glomerular number, and birth weight in African Americans and white subjects in the southeastern United States===		===Hypertension, glomerular number, and birth weight in African Americans and white subjects in the southeastern United States===

Z8600021 at 13:05, 23 Ocak 2019

2019-01-23T13:05:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:05, 23 Ocak 2019
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	{\|		{\|
	\| '''Paper''' \|\| Nyengaard 1992\|\| Bendtsen 1992\|\| Keller 2003 \|\| McNamara 2008\|\| McNamara 2009\|\| Zimanyi 2009 \|\| Cumulative \|\| Cumulative<br>(18-60)		\| '''Paper''' \|\|width=100px\| Nyengaard 1992\|\|width=100px\| Bendtsen 1992\|\|width=100px\| Keller 2003 \|\|width=100px\| McNamara 2008\|\|width=100px\| McNamara 2009\|\|width=100px\| Zimanyi 2009 \|\|width=100px\| Cumulative \|\|width=100px\| Cumulative<br>(18-60)
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Nephron <br> number''' (1,000)\|\| 638.6 \|\| 612.5 \|\| 1,074.4 \|\| 925.5 \|\| 1,053.4 \|\| 895.3 \|\| 803.7 \|\| 921.5		\| '''Nephron <br> number''' (1,000)\|\| 638.6 \|\| 612.5 \|\| 1,074.4 \|\| 925.5 \|\| 1,053.4 \|\| 895.3 \|\| 803.7 \|\| 921.5

Z8600021 at 13:04, 23 Ocak 2019

2019-01-23T13:04:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:04, 23 Ocak 2019
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	\| '''Paper''' \|\| Nyengaard 1992\|\| Bendtsen 1992\|\| Keller 2003 \|\| McNamara 2008\|\| McNamara 2009\|\| Zimanyi 2009 \|\| Cumulative \|\| Cumulative<br>(18-60)		\| '''Paper''' \|\| Nyengaard 1992\|\| Bendtsen 1992\|\| Keller 2003 \|\| McNamara 2008\|\| McNamara 2009\|\| Zimanyi 2009 \|\| Cumulative \|\| Cumulative<br>(18-60)
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Nephron number'''~~<br>~~(1,000)\|\| 638.6 \|\| 612.5 \|\| 1,074.4 \|\| 925.5 \|\| 1,053.4 \|\| 895.3 \|\| 803.7 \|\| 921.5		\| '''Nephron <br> number''' (1,000)\|\| 638.6 \|\| 612.5 \|\| 1,074.4 \|\| 925.5 \|\| 1,053.4 \|\| 895.3 \|\| 803.7 \|\| 921.5
	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 13:04, 23 Ocak 2019

2019-01-23T13:04:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:04, 23 Ocak 2019
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	\| '''Paper''' \|\| Nyengaard 1992\|\| Bendtsen 1992\|\| Keller 2003 \|\| McNamara 2008\|\| McNamara 2009\|\| Zimanyi 2009 \|\| Cumulative \|\| Cumulative<br>(18-60)		\| '''Paper''' \|\| Nyengaard 1992\|\| Bendtsen 1992\|\| Keller 2003 \|\| McNamara 2008\|\| McNamara 2009\|\| Zimanyi 2009 \|\| Cumulative \|\| Cumulative<br>(18-60)
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Nephron number''' (1,000)\|\| 638.6 \|\| 612.5 \|\| 1,074.4 \|\| 925.5 \|\| 1,053.4 \|\| 895.3 \|\| 803.7 \|\| 921.5		\| '''Nephron number'''<br>(1,000)\|\| 638.6 \|\| 612.5 \|\| 1,074.4 \|\| 925.5 \|\| 1,053.4 \|\| 895.3 \|\| 803.7 \|\| 921.5
	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 13:03, 23 Ocak 2019

2019-01-23T13:03:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:03, 23 Ocak 2019
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	{\|		{\|
	\| '''Paper''' \|\| Nyengaard 1992\|\| Bendtsen 1992\|\| Keller 2003 \|\| McNamara 2008\|\| McNamara 2009\|\| Zimanyi 2009 \|\| Cumulative \|\| Cumulative (18-60)		\| '''Paper''' \|\| Nyengaard 1992\|\| Bendtsen 1992\|\| Keller 2003 \|\| McNamara 2008\|\| McNamara 2009\|\| Zimanyi 2009 \|\| Cumulative \|\| Cumulative<br>(18-60)
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Nephron number''' (1,000)\|\| 638.6 \|\| 612.5 \|\| 1,074.4 \|\| 925.5 \|\| 1,053.4 \|\| 895.3 \|\| 803.7 \|\| 921.5		\| '''Nephron number''' (1,000)\|\| 638.6 \|\| 612.5 \|\| 1,074.4 \|\| 925.5 \|\| 1,053.4 \|\| 895.3 \|\| 803.7 \|\| 921.5