Talk:Neural System Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 03:48, 7 December 2020

2020-12-07T03:48:49Z

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	==2019==		==2019==

			{{#pmid:31495570}}

			During neural tube closure and spinal cord development, many cells die in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively). However, myeloid-derived professional phagocytes have not yet colonized the trunk region during early neurogenesis. How apoptotic cells are removed from this region during these stages remains largely unknown. Using live imaging in zebrafish, we demonstrate that neural crest cells (NCCs) respond rapidly to dying cells and phagocytose cellular debris around the neural tube. Additionally, NCCs have the ability to enter the CNS through motor exit point transition zones and clear debris in the spinal cord. Surprisingly, NCCs phagocytosis mechanistically resembles macrophage phagocytosis and their recruitment toward cellular debris is mediated by interleukin-1β. Taken together, our results reveal a role for NCCs in phagocytosis of debris in the developing nervous system before the presence of professional phagocytes.

	{{#pmid:31175213}}		{{#pmid:31175213}}
	{{neural}} {{fly}}		{{neural}} {{fly}}

Z8600021 at 00:06, 13 Mayıs 2020

2020-05-13T00:06:51Z

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	Neural Development Journal - https://neuraldevelopment.biomedcentral.com		Neural Development Journal - https://neuraldevelopment.biomedcentral.com

			Draft page - [[Neural System - Molecular]]

			==2020==
			{{#pmid:32375049}}

			'''Variation of Human Neural Stem Cells Generating Organizer States In Vitro before Committing to Cortical Excitatory or Inhibitory Neuronal Fates'''

			Better understanding of the progression of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing cerebral cortex is important for modeling neurogenesis and defining the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we use RNA sequencing, cell imaging, and lineage tracing of mouse and human in vitro NSCs and monkey brain sections to model the generation of cortical neuronal fates. We show that conserved signaling mechanisms regulate the acute transition from proliferative NSCs to committed glutamatergic excitatory neurons. As human telencephalic NSCs develop from pluripotency in vitro, they transition through organizer states that spatially pattern the cortex before generating glutamatergic precursor fates. NSCs derived from multiple human pluripotent lines vary in these early patterning states, leading differentially to dorsal or ventral telencephalic fates. This work furthers systematic analyses of the earliest patterning events that generate the major neuronal trajectories of the human telencephalon.
			Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
			KEYWORDS:
			BMP; EGFR; FGF2; brain organizer; glutamatergic neurons; human iPSC variation; inhibitory neurons; neural stem cell; neural transcriptional dynamics; neurogenesis; neuronal trajectory variation; patterning of the cortex
			PMID: 32375049 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107599

	~~Draft page - [[Neural System - Molecular]]~~

	===UNSW Embryology Links===		===UNSW Embryology Links===

Z8600021 at 22:09, 24 July 2019

2019-07-24T22:09:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:09, 25 July 2019
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	* Animal Neural Development - A number of different animal models of neural development, both normal and abnormal, have been established. [[Mouse_Development#Neural_Development\|Mouse]] \| [[Pig_Development#Neural_Development\|Pig]] \| [[Rabbit_Development#Neural_Development\|Rabbit]]		* Animal Neural Development - A number of different animal models of neural development, both normal and abnormal, have been established. [[Mouse_Development#Neural_Development\|Mouse]] \| [[Pig_Development#Neural_Development\|Pig]] \| [[Rabbit_Development#Neural_Development\|Rabbit]]

	~~PNS~~
	* Cranial Nerves
	* Spinal Nerves

	brain museum - histology images from different species http://www.brainmuseum.org/Specimens/index.html		brain museum - histology images from different species http://www.brainmuseum.org/Specimens/index.html
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	eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-0328-4 http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.1201/9781420003284		eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-0328-4 http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.1201/9781420003284

			==2019==
			{{#pmid:31175213}}
			{{neural}} {{fly}}
			* '''N-cadherin orchestrates self-organization of neurons within a columnar unit in the Drosophila medulla''' "The columnar structure is a basic unit of the brain, but its developmental mechanism remains unknown. The medulla, the largest ganglion of the fly visual center, provides a unique opportunity to reveal the mechanisms of three-dimensional organization of the columns. We reveal that column formation is initiated by three core neurons that establish distinct concentric domains within a column. We demonstrate the in vivo evidence of N-cadherin-dependent differential adhesion among the core columnar neurons within a column along a two-dimensional layer in the larval medulla. The two-dimensional larval columns evolve to form three distinct layers in the pupal medulla. We propose the presence of mutual interactions among the three layers during formation of the three-dimensional structures of the medulla columns." {{Neural}}
	==2018==		==2018==

Z8600021 at 11:24, 29 Ocak 2019

2019-01-29T11:24:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:24, 29 Ocak 2019
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	==2018==		==2018==

			===Caspases and matrix metalloproteases facilitate collective behavior of non-neural ectoderm after hindbrain neuropore closure===
			BMC Dev Biol. 2018 Jul 31;18(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s12861-018-0175-3.

			Shinotsuka N1, Yamaguchi Y2,3, Nakazato K4, Matsumoto Y1, Mochizuki A4,5, Miura M6.

			Abstract
			BACKGROUND:
			Mammalian brain is formed through neural tube closure (NTC), wherein both ridges of opposing neural folds are fused in the midline and remodeled in the roof plate of the neural tube and overlying non-neural ectodermal layer. Apoptosis is widely observed from the beginning of NTC at the neural ridges and is crucial for the proper progression of NTC, but its role after the closure remains less clear.

			RESULTS:
			Here, we conducted live-imaging analysis of the mid-hindbrain neuropore (MHNP) closure and revealed unexpected collective behavior of cells surrounding the MHNP. The cells first gathered to the closing point and subsequently relocated as if they were released from the point. Inhibition of caspases or matrix metalloproteases with chemical inhibitors impaired the cell relocation.

			CONCLUSIONS:
			These lines of evidence suggest that apoptosis-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix might facilitate the final process of neuropore closure.

			KEYWORDS:
			Apoptosis; Caspases; Live-imaging; Matrix metalloproteases; Neural tube closure
			PMID: 30064364 PMCID: PMC6069860 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-018-0175-3

	===Nervous System Regionalization Entails Axial Allocation before Neural Differentiation===		===Nervous System Regionalization Entails Axial Allocation before Neural Differentiation===

Z8600021 at 02:32, 26 October 2018

2018-10-26T02:32:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:32, 26 October 2018
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	Print ISBN: 978-0-8493-1424-7		Print ISBN: 978-0-8493-1424-7
	eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-0328-4 http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.1201/9781420003284		eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-0328-4 http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.1201/9781420003284

			==2018==

			===Nervous System Regionalization Entails Axial Allocation before Neural Differentiation===

			Cell. 2018 Oct 13. pii: S0092-8674(18)31252-2. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.040. [Epub ahead of print]

			Metzis V1, Steinhauser S1, Pakanavicius E1, Gouti M2, Stamataki D1, Ivanovitch K1, Watson T1, Rayon T1, Mousavy Gharavy SN1, Lovell-Badge R1, Luscombe NM3, Briscoe J4.
			Author information
			Abstract
			Neural induction in vertebrates generates a CNS that extends the rostral-caudal length of the body. The prevailing view is that neural cells are initially induced with anterior (forebrain) identity; caudalizing signals then convert a proportion to posterior fates (spinal cord). To test this model, we used chromatin accessibility to define how cells adopt region-specific neural fates. Together with genetic and biochemical perturbations, this identified a developmental time window in which genome-wide chromatin-remodeling events preconfigure epiblast cells for neural induction. Contrary to the established model, this revealed that cells commit to a regional identity before acquiring neural identity. This "primary regionalization" allocates cells to anterior or posterior regions of the nervous system, explaining how cranial and spinal neurons are generated at appropriate axial positions. These findings prompt a revision to models of neural induction and support the proposed dual evolutionary origin of the vertebrate CNS.
			KEYWORDS:
			ATAC-seq; CDX; WNT signaling; chromatin; computational genomics; embryonic development; gene regulation; neural induction; spinal cord; stem cells and development
			PMID: 30343898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.040

Z8600021 at 04:09, 26 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-26T04:09:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 26 Mayıs 2018
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	Print ISBN: 978-0-8493-1424-7		Print ISBN: 978-0-8493-1424-7
	eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-0328-4 http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.1201/9781420003284		eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-0328-4 http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.1201/9781420003284


	==2017==		==2017==

			===Molecular and cellular reorganization of neural circuits in the human lineage===
			Science. 2017 Nov 24;358(6366):1027-1032. doi: 10.1126/science.aan3456.

			Sousa AMM1, Zhu Y1, Raghanti MA2, Kitchen RR3,4, Onorati M1,5, Tebbenkamp ATN1, Stutz B6, Meyer KA1, Li M1, Kawasawa YI1,7, Liu F1, Perez RG8, Mele M8, Carvalho T8, Skarica M1, Gulden FO1, Pletikos M1, Shibata A1, Stephenson AR2, Edler MK2, Ely JJ9, Elsworth JD4, Horvath TL1,6, Hof PR10, Hyde TM11, Kleinman JE11, Weinberger DR11, Reimers M12, Lifton RP13,14,15, Mane SM16, Noonan JP13, State MW17, Lein ES18, Knowles JA19, Marques-Bonet T8,20,21, Sherwood CC22, Gerstein MB3, Sestan N23,4,6,13,24.


			Abstract
			To better understand the molecular and cellular differences in brain organization between human and nonhuman primates, we performed transcriptome sequencing of 16 regions of adult human, chimpanzee, and macaque brains. Integration with human single-cell transcriptomic data revealed global, regional, and cell-type-specific species expression differences in genes representing distinct functional categories. We validated and further characterized the human specificity of genes enriched in distinct cell types through histological and functional analyses, including rare subpallial-derived interneurons expressing dopamine biosynthesis genes enriched in the human striatum and absent in the nonhuman African ape neocortex. Our integrated analysis of the generated data revealed diverse molecular and cellular features of the phylogenetic reorganization of the human brain across multiple levels, with relevance for brain function and disease.
			PMID: 29170230

	===Mouse Fgf8-Cre-LacZ lineage analysis defines the territory of the postnatal mammalian isthmus===		===Mouse Fgf8-Cre-LacZ lineage analysis defines the territory of the postnatal mammalian isthmus===

Z8600021 at 08:07, 25 July 2017

2017-07-25T08:07:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:07, 25 July 2017
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	eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-0328-4 http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.1201/9781420003284		eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-0328-4 http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.1201/9781420003284

			==2017==

			===Mouse Fgf8-Cre-LacZ lineage analysis defines the territory of the postnatal mammalian isthmus===
			J Comp Neurol. 2017 Aug 15;525(12):2782-2799. doi: 10.1002/cne.24242. Epub 2017 May 30.

			Watson C1, Shimogori T2, Puelles L3.

			Abstract

			The isthmus is recognized as the most rostral segment of the hindbrain in non-mammalian vertebrates. In mammalian embryos, transient Fgf8 expression defines the developing isthmic region, lying between the midbrain and the first rhombomere, but there has been uncertainty about the existence of a distinct isthmic segment in postnatal mammals. We attempted to find if the region of early embryonic Fgf8 expression (which is considered to involve the entire extent of the prospective isthmus initially) might help to identify the boundaries of the isthmus in postnatal animals. By creating an Fgf8-Cre-LacZ lineage in mice, we were able to show that Fgf8-Cre reporter expression in postnatal mice is present in the same nuclei that characterize the isthmic region in birds. The 'signature' isthmic structures in birds include the trochlear nucleus, the dorsal raphe nucleus, the microcellular tegmental nuclei, the pedunculotegmental nucleus, the vermis of the cerebellum, rostral parts of the parabrachial complex and locus coeruleus, and the caudal parts of the substantia nigra and VTA. We found that all of these structures were labeled with the Fgf8-Cre reporter in the mouse brain, and we conclude that the isthmus is a distinct segment of the mammalian brain lying caudal to the midbrain and rostral to rhombomere 1 of the hindbrain.
			© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

			KEYWORDS:
			Fgf8; Isthmus; RRID:AB_2313764; cerebellum; midbrain; rhombomere
			PMID: 28510270 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24242

	==2015==		==2015==

Z8600021 at 22:50, 13 April 2017

2017-04-13T22:50:16Z

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	{{Talk Page}}		{{Talk Page}}
	Neural Development Journal - ~~http~~://~~www~~.~~neuraldevelopment~~.com~~/articles/browse.asp~~		Neural Development Journal - https://neuraldevelopment.biomedcentral.com

Z8600021 at 22:48, 13 April 2017

2017-04-13T22:48:04Z

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	===The longitudinal growth of the neuromeres and the resulting brain in the human embryo===		===The longitudinal growth of the neuromeres and the resulting brain in the human embryo===

			{{Ref-O'RahillyMüller2013 PMID23183269}}

	Cells Tissues Organs. 2013;197(3):178-95. doi: 10.1159/000343170. Epub 2012 Nov 24.		Cells Tissues Organs. 2013;197(3):178-95. doi: 10.1159/000343170. Epub 2012 Nov 24.

Z8600021 at 03:00, 21 Haziran 2016

2016-06-21T03:00:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:00, 21 Haziran 2016
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	==2015==		==2015==

			===First trimester size charts of embryonic brain structures===

			Hum Reprod. 2014 Feb;29(2):201-7. doi: 10.1093/humrep/det406. Epub 2013 Nov 28.

			Gijtenbeek M1, Bogers H, Groenenberg IA, Exalto N, Willemsen SP, Steegers EA, Eilers PH, Steegers-Theunissen RP.

			Abstract

			STUDY QUESTION:
			Can reliable size charts of human embryonic brain structures be created from three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) visualizations?
			SUMMARY ANSWER:
			Reliable size charts of human embryonic brain structures can be created from high-quality images.
			WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY:
			Previous studies on the visualization of both the cavities and the walls of the brain compartments were performed using 2D-US, 3D-US or invasive intrauterine sonography. However, the walls of the diencephalon, mesencephalon and telencephalon have not been measured non-invasively before. Last-decade improvements in transvaginal ultrasound techniques allow a better visualization and offer the tools to measure these human embryonic brain structures with precision.
			STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION:
			This study is embedded in a prospective periconceptional cohort study. A total of 141 pregnancies were included before the sixth week of gestation and were monitored until delivery to assess complications and adverse outcomes.
			PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS:
			For the analysis of embryonic growth, 596 3D-US scans encompassing the entire embryo were obtained from 106 singleton non-malformed live birth pregnancies between 7(+0) and 12(+6) weeks' gestational age (GA). Using 4D View (3D software) the measured embryonic brain structures comprised thickness of the diencephalon, mesencephalon and telencephalon, and the total diameter of the diencephalon and mesencephalon.
			MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE:
			Of 596 3D scans, 161 (27%) high-quality scans of 79 pregnancies were eligible for analysis. The reliability of all embryonic brain structure measurements, based on the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) (all above 0.98), was excellent. Bland-Altman plots showed moderate agreement for measurements of the telencephalon, but for all other measurements the agreement was good. Size charts were constructed according to crown-rump length (CRL).
			LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION:
			The percentage of high-quality scans suitable for analysis of these brain structures was low (27%).
			WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS:
			The size charts of human embryonic brain structures can be used to study normal and abnormal development of brain development in future. Also, the effects of periconceptional maternal exposures, such as folic acid supplement use and smoking, on human embryonic brain development can be a topic of future research.
			STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S):
			This study was supported by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Erasmus University Medical Center. M.G. was supported by an additional grant from the Sophia Foundation for Medical Research (SSWO grant number 644). No competing interests are declared.
			KEYWORDS:
			embryo development; embryology; pregnancy; prenatal diagnosis; ultrasound

			PMID 24287820

	===Cell cycle regulation of proliferation versus differentiation in the central nervous system===		===Cell cycle regulation of proliferation versus differentiation in the central nervous system===