Talk:Musculoskeletal System - Muscle Development - Revision history

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 {{Talk Page}}
 ==2018==
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 ==2015==
 ===Development of the ventral body wall in the human embryo===

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	{\| Epaxial Muscle Timeline		{\| Epaxial Muscle Timeline
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	! width=~~150px~~\|Carnegie Stage		! width=120px\|Carnegie Stage
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	! Carnegie Stage		! width=150px\|Carnegie Stage
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	\| myotome epaxial portion identifiable lateral to the developing vertebrae~~. At~~ \|-		\| myotome epaxial portion identifiable lateral to the developing vertebrae
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	\| {{CS16}}		\| {{CS16}}
	\| starting cranially portions fuse to form a longitudinal muscle column innervated by the dorsal branches of the spinal nerves.		\| starting cranially portions fuse to form a longitudinal muscle column innervated by the dorsal branches of the spinal nerves.

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 ===Muscle Development===
 <pubmed limit=5>Muscle Development</pubmed>
 ==2018==
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 PMID 27571325 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22775
 ==2015==

Z8600021 at 03:08, 10 September 2018

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	==2018==		==2018==

			===Muscle Stem Cell Immunostaining===

			{{#pmid:30106515}}

			Wang S1, Zhang B1, Addicks GC2, Zhang H3, J Menzies K2,4, Zhang H1.
			Author information
			Abstract
			Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for maintaining muscle homeostasis by providing progenitor cells for muscle regeneration after injury and in muscular diseases. MuSC properties dynamically change, reflecting physiology or pathological status. For instance, MuSCs are activated after muscle injury, but become exhausted in late stages of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) disease and senescent during aging. Therefore, characterization of MuSCs, including proliferation, activation, senescence, and apoptosis, etc., is very important in applying MuSC knowledge to regenerative medicine, such as in the treatment of DMD and to improve muscle function in aging. Here, we describe a detailed method for characterizing MuSCs in situ using immunostaining techniques in the mouse. This method can also be easily adapted to analyze other skeletal muscle properties.
			© 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
			KEYWORDS:
			immunostaining; muscle stem cell (MuSC); skeletal muscle
			PMID: 30106515 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.47

	===Hitherto unknown detailed muscle anatomy in an 8-week-old embryo===		===Hitherto unknown detailed muscle anatomy in an 8-week-old embryo===

Z8600021 at 03:00, 25 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-25T03:00:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:00, 25 Mayıs 2018
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	===Muscle Development===		===Muscle Development===
	<pubmed limit=5>Muscle Development</pubmed>		<pubmed limit=5>Muscle Development</pubmed>

			==2018==

			===Hitherto unknown detailed muscle anatomy in an 8-week-old embryo===
			J Anat. 2018 May 3. doi: 10.1111/joa.12819. [Epub ahead of print]

			Warmbrunn MV1, de Bakker BS1, Hagoort J1, Alefs-de Bakker PB2, Oostra RJ1.

			Abstract

			Congenital muscle diseases, such as myopathies or dystrophies, occur relatively frequently, with estimated incidences of up to 4.7 per 100 000 newborns. To diagnose congenital diseases in the early stages of pregnancy, and to interpret the results of increasingly advanced in utero imaging techniques, a profound knowledge of normal human morphological development of the locomotor system and the nervous system is necessary. Muscular development, however, is an often neglected topic or is only described in a general way in embryology textbooks and papers. To provide the required detailed and updated comprehensive picture of embryologic muscular anatomy, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions were created based on serial histological sections of a human embryo at Carnegie stage 23 (8 weeks of development, crown-rump length of 23.8 mm), using Amira reconstruction software. Reconstructed muscles, tendons, bones and nerves were exported in a 3D-PDF file to permit interactive viewing. Almost all adult skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs could be individually identified in their relative adult position. The pectoralis major muscle was divided in three separate muscle heads. The reconstructions showed remarkable highly developed extraocular, infrahyoid and suprahyoid muscles at this age but surprisingly also absence of the facial muscles that have been described to be present at this stage of development. The overall stage of muscle development suggests heterochrony of skeletal muscle development. Several individual muscle groups were found to be developed earlier and in more detail than described in current literature.
			KEYWORDS:
			3D-PDF; anatomy; embryology; morphogenesis; muscle development; ontogeny; three-dimensional reconstruction
			PMID: 29726018 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12819

Z8600021 at 03:45, 2 August 2017

2017-08-02T03:45:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 2 August 2017
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	===Muscle Development===		===Muscle Development===
	<pubmed limit=5>Muscle Development</pubmed>		<pubmed limit=5>Muscle Development</pubmed>


			==2017==

			===Making muscle: skeletal myogenesis in vivo and in vitro===
			Development. 2017 Jun 15;144(12):2104-2122. doi: 10.1242/dev.151035.

			Chal J1,2,3, Pourquié O4,2,3,5.

			Abstract

			Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body and loss of its function or its regenerative properties results in debilitating musculoskeletal disorders. Understanding the mechanisms that drive skeletal muscle formation will not only help to unravel the molecular basis of skeletal muscle diseases, but also provide a roadmap for recapitulating skeletal myogenesis in vitro from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). PSCs have become an important tool for probing developmental questions, while differentiated cell types allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of skeletal myogenesis from the earliest premyogenic progenitor stage to terminally differentiated myofibers, and discuss how this knowledge has been applied to differentiate PSCs into muscle fibers and their progenitors in vitro.
			© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

			KEYWORDS:
			Dermomyotome; Embryonic stem cells; Muscle differentiation; Muscular dystrophy; Paraxial mesoderm; Pluripotent stem cells; Skeletal myogenesis; Somite; iPS cells
			PMID 28634270 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151035

Z8600021 at 01:35, 24 Ocak 2017

2017-01-24T01:35:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:35, 24 Ocak 2017
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	===Muscle Development===		===Muscle Development===
	<pubmed limit=5>Muscle Development</pubmed>		<pubmed limit=5>Muscle Development</pubmed>


			==2016==

			===Development of the epaxial muscles in the human embryo===
			Clin Anat. 2016 Nov;29(8):1031-1045. doi: 10.1002/ca.22775. Epub 2016 Sep 28.

			Mekonen HK1, Hikspoors JP1, Mommen G1, Eleonore KÖhler S1, Lamers WH2,3.

			Abstract

			Although the intrinsic muscles of the back are defined by their embryological origin and innervation pattern, no detailed study on their development is available. Human embryos (5-10 weeks development) were studied, using Amira3D® reconstruction and Cinema4D® remodeling software for visualization. At Carnegie Stage (CS)15, the epaxial portions of the myotomes became identifiable laterally to the developing vertebrae. At CS16, these portions fused starting cranially to form a longitudinal muscle column, which became innervated by the dorsal branches of the spinal nerves. At CS17, the longitudinal muscle mass segregated into medial and lateral columns (completed at CS18). At CS18, the medial column segregated again into intermediate and medial columns (completed at CS20). The lateral and intermediate columns did not separate in the lower lumbar and sacral regions. Between CS20 and CS23, the cervical portions of the three columns segregated again from lateral to medial resulting ventrolaterally in rod-like continuations of the caudal portions of the columns and dorsomedially in spade-like portions. The observed topography identifies the iliocostalis and splenius as belonging to the lateral column, the longissimus to the intermediate column, and the (semi-)spinalis to the medial column. The medial (multifidus) group acquired its transversospinal course during closure of the vertebral arches in the early fetal period. Hence, the anatomical ontology of the epaxial muscles is determined by craniocaudal and lateromedial gradients in development. Three longitudinal muscle columns, commonly referred to as the erector spinae, form the basic architectural design of the intrinsic muscles of the back. Clin. Anat. 29:1031-1045, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
			© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

			KEYWORDS:
			craniocaudal and mediolateral developmental gradients; intrinsic back muscles; longitudinal muscle columns; neural arch closure
			PMID 27571325 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22775

Z8600021 at 03:24, 4 September 2016

2016-09-04T03:24:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:24, 4 September 2016
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	http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150824/ncomms9054/full/ncomms9054.html		http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150824/ncomms9054/full/ncomms9054.html

			===Prmt5 is a regulator of muscle stem cell expansion in adult mice===
			Nat Commun. 2015 Jun 1;6:7140. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8140.

			Zhang T1, Günther S1, Looso M1, Künne C1, Krüger M1, Kim J1, Zhou Y1, Braun T1.

			Abstract

			Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSC), also called satellite cells, are indispensable for maintenance and regeneration of adult skeletal muscles. Yet, a comprehensive picture of the regulatory events controlling the fate of MuSC is missing. Here, we determine the proteome of MuSC to design a loss-of-function screen, and identify 120 genes important for MuSC function including the arginine methyltransferase Prmt5. MuSC-specific inactivation of Prmt5 in adult mice prevents expansion of MuSC, abolishes long-term MuSC maintenance and abrogates skeletal muscle regeneration. Interestingly, Prmt5 is dispensable for proliferation and differentiation of Pax7(+) myogenic progenitor cells during mouse embryonic development, indicating significant differences between embryonic and adult myogenesis. Mechanistic studies reveal that Prmt5 controls proliferation of adult MuSC by direct epigenetic silencing of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. We reason that Prmt5 generates a poised state that keeps MuSC in a standby mode, thus allowing rapid MuSC amplification under disease conditions.

			PMID 26028225

	==2014==		==2014==