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2016-07-20T04:47:27Z

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	==Course Introduction==		==Course Introduction==
	{\|		[[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|150px\|Dr Mark Hill]]
	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|150px\|Dr Mark Hill]]

	Course coordinator		Course coordinator
	\| This first lecture will be a general introduction to the course and the subject of Embryology.		This first lecture will be a general introduction to the course and the subject of Embryology.


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	[[Media:2016ANAT2341 Lecture 1 - Course Introduction.pdf\|Lecture - Print PDF]]		[[Media:2016ANAT2341 Lecture 1 - Course Introduction.pdf\|Lecture - Print PDF]]

	~~\| valign=top\|'''Want to start our learning interaction?'''~~

	~~# [[Special:UserLogin\|Log-In]]~~
	~~# Create your own student page. (Note - Use only your student ID on this and all site pages). List of current students - [[ANAT2341 2015 Students]]~~
	~~# Click "save page". You now have your own course page to submit individual assessment items. Any problems, look at the [[Help:Editing_Basics\|Help page]].~~
	\|}

	==Lecture Objectives==		==Lecture Objectives==

Z8600021: Created page with "==Course Introduction== {| | Dr Mark Hill Course coordinator | This first lecture will be a general introduction to the course and the subject o..."

2016-07-20T04:46:25Z

Created page with "==Course Introduction== {| | 150px|Dr Mark Hill Course coordinator | This first lecture will be a general introduction to the course and the subject o..."

New page

==Course Introduction==
{|
| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|150px|Dr Mark Hill]]

Course coordinator
| This first lecture will be a general introduction to the course and the subject of Embryology.

:'''Firstly''', an introduction to the course, its content, method of presentation, assessment and an opportunity to ask questions.

:'''Secondly''', some historic background to the subject and related current Australian trends. I do not expect you to remember specific historic dates or statistical data, this is provided as an introduction to the topic.

I like my lectures to be interactive, so ask me questions and I will also be asking you questions!

[[Media:2016-ANAT2341-course-outline.pdf|2016 Course Outline]]

[[Media:2016ANAT2341 Lecture 1 - Course Introduction.pdf|Lecture - Print PDF]]

| valign=top|'''Want to start our learning interaction?'''

# [[Special:UserLogin|Log-In]]
# Create your own student page. (Note - Use only your student ID on this and all site pages). List of current students - [[ANAT2341 2015 Students]]
# Click "save page". You now have your own course page to submit individual assessment items. Any problems, look at the [[Help:Editing_Basics|Help page]].
|}

==Lecture Objectives==
[[File:Early zygote labelled.jpg|thumb|Early Human Zygote]]
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! Introduction Movies
|-
| valign="bottom"|{{Human fertilization movie 1}}
| valign="bottom"|{{Embryo stage movie 1}}
| valign="bottom"|{{Birth MRI movie 1}}
|-
| [[Fertilization]]
| [[Embryonic Development]] (week 1 - 8)
| [[Birth]] (week 37)
|}

{|
| width=380px|<html5media height="384" width="352">File:Human development 001.mp4</html5media>

[[Media:Human development 001.mp4|'''Click Here''' to play on mobile device]]
| valign=top|
# Understand the course objectives and assessment.
# Brief understanding of the historic background of embryology.
# Brief understanding of Australian data.
# Broad overview of human development.

[[File:ECHO360_icon.gif|right|link=https://lectures.unsw.edu.au/ess/portal/section/5157_00900]]

{{Human development movie 1}}
|}

== ANAT2341 Course Outline==
[[File:Human_Carnegie_stage_1-23.jpg|thumb|250px|alt=Human embryonic development week 1 to 8|Human embryonic development (week 1 to 8)]]
I will spend the first half going through the current course design, online support and assessment criteria. This is an opportunity to ask the coordinator questions about the course.

[[Media:ANAT2341 course outline 2015.pdf|2015 Course Outline PDF]]

Audio from this lecture is available from [https://lectures.unsw.edu.au/ess/portal/section/5157_00900 ECHO360] or by the link within [http://moodle.telt.unsw.edu.au/course/view.php?id=15814 Moodle].

'''Course Links:''' [[ANAT2341_Embryology_2015|Homepage]] | [[Media:ANAT2341 course outline 2015.pdf|Overview]] | [[ANAT2341_Course_Timetable_2015|Timetable]] | [http://moodle.telt.unsw.edu.au/course/view.php?id=15814 Moodle] | [[Media:ANAT2341 Lecture 1 - 2015 Course Introduction.pdf|Lecture 1 PDF]]

Lecture Archive: [[Lecture_-_2014_Course_Introduction|2014]] | [[Lecture_-_2013_Course_Introduction|2013]] | [[Lecture_-_2012_Course_Introduction|2012]] | [[Lecture_-_2011_Course_Introduction|2011]]

[Mailto:m.hill@unsw.edu.au Email me] for any additional information or to make an appointment.
== Textbooks ==
[[File:The Developing Human, 10th edn.jpg|thumb|200px|The Developing Human, 10th edn]]
* The textbooks listed below is recommended for this course and page references are given in each lecture.
* The UNSW Library is currently updating subscription to the new textbook10th edition for 2015. When available I will update the links shown here.
* Textbook available at campus bookshop and online to [[Embryology_Textbooks_-_UNSW|UNSW students]].
* There are [[Embryology Textbooks|additional embryology textbooks]] that can also be used, consult course organizer.

{{UNSW textbook - The Developing Human}}

{| border='0px'

|-
| [[File:Larsen's human embryology 5th ed.jpg|120px]]
| {{SBBF2015APAcitation}}

UNSW students have full access to this textbook edition through [http://er.library.unsw.edu.au/er/cgi-bin/eraccess.cgi?url=http://www.unsw.eblib.com.wwwproxy0.library.unsw.edu.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=2074524 UNSW Library subscription] (with student Zpass log-in).

|}

==History==
[[History - Embryologists]] | [[Embryology History]] | [[Human Embryo Collections]]

[[File:BrauneB1.jpg|400px|alt=The Position of the Uterus and Fetus at Term (1872)]]

[[Embryology_History_-_17th_and_18th_Century_Anatomies|17-18C]] Braune - The Position of the Uterus and Fetus at Term (1872)

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! colspan="3"| [[Human Embryo Collections]] 
|-
| [[File:Wilhelm_His.jpg|link=Embryology History - Wilhelm His|200px]]

[[Embryology History - Wilhelm His|Wilhelm His]] (1831-1904)

His's Normentafel (Normal Table)

[[Book - Anatomy Of Human Embryos|Anatomie menschlicher Embryonen]] (1882)
| [[File:Keibel_Mall_034a.jpg|200px]]
| [[File:Keibel_Mall_034b.jpg|300px]]
|-
| [[File:Franz Keibel.jpg|link=Embryology History - Franz Keibel|150px]]

[[Embryology History - Franz Keibel|Franz Keibel]] (1861 - 1929)

Franz Keibel and Curt Elze (1908) Normal Plates of the Development of the Human Embryo
| [[File:Keibel1908_plate01.jpg|200px]]
| [[File:Keibel1908_plate02.jpg|200px]]
|-
| [[File:Franklin Mall 03.jpg|150px]]

[[Embryology History - Franklin Mall|Franklin Mall]] (1862-1917)

[[Carnegie Collection]]

| colspan=2|[[File:Human Carnegie stage 10-23.jpg|400px]]
|-
| Begun by [[:File:Hideo Nishimura.jpg|Dr. Hideo Nishimura]] (1912–1995)

[[File:Hideo Nishimura.jpg|150px]]

Developed by Kohei Shiota and currently curated by Shigehito Yamada.

[[File:Shiota_Hill_Yamada.jpg|200px]]

[[Kyoto Collection]]
| colspan=2|[[File:Human_Carnegie_stage_1-23.jpg|400px]]
|}

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! col span=2|[[Animal_Development|Animal Models]] 
|-
| [[File:Frog-icon.png|right|80px|link=Frog Development]]
| {{Frog links}}

* The frog was used by many of the early embryology investigators and currently there are many different molecular mechanisms concerning development of the frog.
* The eggs develop independently, in relative synchrony and are relatively see-through making staging and observation fairly easy.
* The frog was a key model for the study of the process of gastrulation.
|-
| [[File:Chick icon.jpg|80px|link=Chicken Development]]
|
{{Chicken}}

* The chicken embryo develops and hatches in 20-21 days and historically these were one of the first embryos to be studied. Cutting a window in the egg shell allows direct observation of the embryo. The Hamburger & Hamilton chicken development staging allowed researchers to develop this model as a key embryological tool.
* Key research involved the transplanting of quail cells into chick embryos, to later identify their contribution to different embryonic structures, particularly for somite, neural tube and neural crest development.
|-
| [[File:Mouse.jpg|right|80px|link=Mouse Development]]
| {{Mouse}}

* The mouse has always been a good embryological model, easy to generate (litters 8-20) and quick (21d).
* Mouse embryology really expanded when molecular biologists used mice for gene knockouts.
|-
| [[File:Fly-icon.png|right|80px|link=Fly Development]]
| [[Fly Development|Fly Development]] - The fruitfly (drosophila) was and is the traditional geneticist's tool. It has been transformed to an magnificent embryologist's tool, with developmental mechanisms being uncovered in this system combined with homolgy gene searches in other species. The fly genome was one of the first to be been completely sequenced. In early development nurse cells ''sacrifice'' their cytoplasmic contents to allow egg growth and early pattern formation is through the localization of maternal messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
|-
| | [[File:C elegans.jpg|right|80px|link=Worm Development]]
| [[Worm Development|Worm Development]] - Early embryological studies of the worm ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' (C.Elegans, so called because of its "elegant" curving movement) characterized the fate of each and every cell in the worm through all stages of development. This worm has recently had its entire genome sequenced.
|-
| [[File:Zebrafish-icon.png|right|80px|link=Zebrafish Development]]
| [[Zebrafish Development|Zebrafish Development]] - Zebrafish are seen as the latest and greatest "model' for embryological development studies. They can be easily genetically altered and develop as practically "see through" embryos, all internal development can be clearly observed from the outside in the living embryo.
|}
{|
|-
| [[Assisted_Reproductive_Technology|In Vitro Fertilization]] (1978)
| [[Stem Cells]] (1981)
| [[Embryology History - Shinya Yamanaka|Induced Stem Cells]] (2006)
| [[Molecular Development]]
|-
| [[File:Intracytoplasmic_sperm_insemination.jpg|200px]]
| [[File:Hematopoietic_and_stromal_cell_differentiation.jpg|200px]]
| [[File:Mouse- embryonic stem cell signaling regulation.jpg|200px]]
| [[File:Hedgehog signaling pathway.jpg|200px]]
|}
==Australian Data==
1 August 2014 at 03:53:30 PM (Canberra time), the resident population of Australia is projected to be: 23,550,233.

[[File:Australian-births_2011.jpg|600px]]

{|
! [[Australian Statistics]]
|-
| width=250px|[[File:Australia_mothers_and_babies_2011.jpg|link=Australia’s_mothers_and_babies_2011|200px]]
| width=250px|[[File:Assisted reproductive technology in Australia and New Zealand 2010.jpg|200px]]
|-
| Australia’s mothers and babies (2011)
| Assisted reproductive technology in Australia and New Zealand (2010)
|-
| Average maternal age in 2011 was [[Genetic_risk_maternal_age|'''30.0''']] years, the same as 2009 but still more than the earlier years (2000, 29.0 years; 2002, 29.4 years).
| [[Assisted Reproductive Technology]] (ART) was used by '''3.8%''' (2009, 3.6%) of women who gave birth.
|}

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! Victoria - 10 most reported birth anomalies 
|-
| Based upon statistics from the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection Unit in Victoria between 2003-2004.
|-
|
{|
|-
| width=120px| [[File:Hypospadia_classifications.jpg|100px|Hypospadia]]
| '''Hypospadias''' (More? [[Development Animation - Genital Male External]] | [[Genital_System_-_Abnormalities#Hypospadia|Genital Abnormalities - Hypospadia]])
|-
| [[File:Hydronephrosis.jpg|100px|Obstructive Defect of the Renal Pelvis]]
| '''Obstructive Defects of the Renal Pelvis''' (obstructive defects of the renal pelvis, uteropelvic junction obstruction, pelvo-uterero junction obstruction) Term describing a developmental renal abnormality due to partial or complete blockage of the drainage of the kidney pelvis requiring surgical correction. The blockage can also have several causes including: unusual [[U#ureter|ureter]] twisting or bending, [[U#ureter|ureter]] compression by a blood vessel, malformations of the muscular wall. The blockage leads to an accumulation of urine in the affected region, with several potential effects: [[N#nephron|nephron]] damage from compression (hydronephrosis); decreased urine output leading to lack of amniotic fluid ([[O#oligohydramnios|oligohydramnios]]); respiratory development effects due to the lack of [[A#amniotic fluid|amniotic fluid]].

* The most common type of obstruction is at the uteropelvic junction (UPJ), between the junction of the ureter and the kidney.
* Blockage lower as the ureter enters the bladder, the ureterovesicular junction (UVJ), usually involves only one kidney and the back flow enlarges the affected ureter ([[M#megaureter|megaureter]]).

(More? [[Renal System - Abnormalities]] | [[Renal System Development]])

|-
| [[File:Ventricular_Septal_Defect.jpg|100px|Ventricular Septal Defect]]
| '''Ventricular Septal Defect''' (More? [[Cardiovascular_System_-_Abnormalities#Ventricular_Septal_Defect|Cardiovascular Abnormalities - Ventricular Septal Defect]])

[[File:Basic_Heart_Development_Timeline.jpg|600px]]

Heart Development Timeline (see [[Basic Cardiac Embryology]])
|-
| [[File:Congenital_dislocation_hip.jpg|100px|Congenital dislocation hip]]
| '''Congenital Dislocated Hip''' (More? [[Musculoskeletal_System_-_Abnormalities#Developmental_Dysplasia_of_the_Hip|Musculoskelal Abnormalities - Congenital Dislocation of the Hip (CDH)]])
(DHH, [[C#congenital dislocated hip|congenital dislocated hip]], congenital hip dislocation, congenital hip dysplasia) Term describes a spectrum of musculoskeletal disorders of hip instability due either to the femoral head being able to move outside the acetabulum (luxation or dislocation), or abnormally within the acetabulum (subluxation or partial dislocation). This includes presentation following a normal examination of the hips in the newborn period ([[O#Ortolani test|Ortolani]] and [[B#Barlow test|Barlow]] tests). When detected can be managed with splinting (Denis-Browne splint) allows the hip joint to develop normally and does not require surgery. If undetected and left untreated, the hip joint develops abnormally and surgical reduction is required. (More? [[Musculoskeletal System Development]])
|-
| [[File:Chromosome-_trisomy.jpg|100px|Trisomy 21 male]]
| '''Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome''' - (More? [[Trisomy 21]])

|-
| [[File:Hydrocephalus.jpg|100px|Hydrocephalus]]
| '''Hydrocephalus''' (More? [[Neural_System_-_Abnormalities#Hydrocephalus|Neural Abnormalities - Hydrocephalus]] | [http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/hydrocephalus/detail_hydrocephalus.htm NINDS - Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet] | [http://www.hydrocephalus.org.au Hydrocephalus Support Association] | [http://nhfonline.org/treatment.php USA National Hydrocephalus Foundation])
|-
| [[File:cleft_palate.jpg|100px|Cleft palate]]
| '''Cleft Palate''' (More? [[Development Animation - Palate 1]] | [[Development Animation - Palate 2]] | [[Head_Development_-_Abnormalities#Cleft_Palate|Cleft Palate]])
|-
| [[File:Chromosome-_trisomy 18.jpg|100px|Trisomy 18 male]]
| '''Trisomy 18 or Edward Syndrome''' - multiple abnormalities of the heart, diaphragm, lungs, kidneys, ureters and palate 86% discontinued (More? [[Trisomy 18]])
|-
|
| '''Renal Agenesis/Dysgenesis '''- reduction in neonatal death and stillbirth since 1993 may be due to the more severe cases being identified in utero and being represented amongst the increased proportion of terminations (approximately 31%). (More? [[Renal_System_-_Abnormalities#Renal_Agenesis.2FDysgenesis|Renal Abnormalities - Renal Agenesis]])

|-
| [[File:Bilateral_cleft_palate.jpg|100px|Bilateral cleft palate]]
| '''Cleft Lip and Palate''' - occur with another defect in 33.7% of cases. (More? [[Head_Development_-_Abnormalities#Cleft_Lip|Cleft Lip]])
|}
|}
==Human Development==

[[File:Human development timeline graph 02.jpg|800px]]

{{2016ANAT2341 footer}}

Talk:Lecture - 2016 Course Introduction - Revision history

Z8600021 at 04:47, 20 July 2016

Z8600021: Created page with "==Course Introduction== {| | Dr Mark Hill Course coordinator | This first lecture will be a general introduction to the course and the subject o..."