Talk:Head Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 02:31, 8 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-08T02:31:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 8 Mayıs 2018
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	==2018==		==2018==

			===Craniofacial development: discoveries made in the chicken embryo===

			Int J Dev Biol. 2018;62(1-2-3):97-107. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.170321ja.

			Abramyan J1, Richman JM.

			Abstract

			The aim of this review is to highlight some of the key contributions to our understanding of craniofacial research from work carried out with the chicken and other avian embryos. From the very first observations of neural crest cell migration to the fusion of the primary palate, the chicken has proven indispensable in facilitating craniofacial research. In this review we will look back to the premolecular studies where "cut and paste" grafting experiments mapped the fate of cranial neural crest cells, the role of different tissue layers in patterning the face, and more recently the contribution of neural crest cells to jaw size and identity. In the late 80's the focus shifted to the molecular underpinnings of facial development and, in addition to grafting experiments, various chemicals and growth factors were being applied to the face. The chicken is above all else an experimental model, inviting hands-on manipulations. We describe the elegant discoveries made by directly controlling signaling either in the brain, in the pharyngeal arches or in the face itself. We cover how sonic hedgehog (Shh) signals to the face and how various growth factors regulate facial prominence identity, growth and fusion. We also review abnormal craniofacial development and how several type of spontaneous chicken mutants shed new light on diseases affecting the primary cilium in humans. Finally, we bring out the very important role that the bird beak has played in understanding amniote evolution. The chicken, duck and quail have been and will continue to be used as experimental models to explore the evolution of jaw diversity and the morphological constraints of the vertebrate face.
			PMID: 29616744 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.170321ja

	===MR Imaging of the Fetal Face: Comprehensive Review===		===MR Imaging of the Fetal Face: Comprehensive Review===

Z8600021 at 00:58, 15 April 2018

2018-04-15T00:58:24Z

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 ==2016==

Z8600021 at 02:35, 29 Ocak 2017

2017-01-29T02:35:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:35, 29 Ocak 2017
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	==2016==		==2016==

			===Clarifying the anatomy of the fifth arch artery===
			Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2016 Jan-Apr;9(1):62-7. doi: 10.4103/0974-2069.171392.

			Gupta SK1, Gulati GS2, Anderson RH3.

			Abstract

			The artery allegedly forming in the fifth pharyngeal arch has increasingly been implicated as responsible for various vascular malformations in patients with congenitally malformed hearts. Observations from studies on developing embryos, however, have failed to provide support to substantiate several of these inferences such that the very existence of the fifth arch artery remains debatable. To the best of our knowledge, in only a solitary human embryo has a vascular channel been found that truly resembled the artery of the fifth arch. Despite the meager evidence to support its existence, the fifth arch artery has been invoked to explain the morphogenesis of double-barreled aorta, some unusual forms of aortopulmonary communications, and abnormalities of the brachiocephalic arteries. In most of these instances, the interpretations have proved fallible when examined in the light of existing knowledge of cardiac development. In our opinion, there are more plausible alternative explanations for the majority of these descriptions. Double-barreled aorta is more likely to result from retention of the recently identified dorsal collateral channels while abnormalities of brachiocephalic arteries are better explained on the basis of extensive remodeling of aortic arches during fetal development. Some examples of aortopulmonary communications, nonetheless, may well represent persistence of the developing artery of the fifth pharyngeal arch. We here present one such case - a patient with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia, in whom the fifth arch artery provided a necessary communication between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary arteries. In this light, we discuss the features we consider to be essential before attaching the tag of "fifth arch artery" to a candidate vascular channel.
			KEYWORDS:
			Bovine arch; cardiac development; double-barreled aorta; fifth arch artery

			PMID 27011696 PMCID: PMC4782472 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2069.171392

	==The Nervous System Orchestrates and Integrates Craniofacial Development: A Review==		==The Nervous System Orchestrates and Integrates Craniofacial Development: A Review==

Z8600021 at 06:02, 25 Mayıs 2016

2016-05-25T06:02:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:02, 25 Mayıs 2016
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	\|}		\|}

			==2016==

			==The Nervous System Orchestrates and Integrates Craniofacial Development: A Review==
			Front Physiol. 2016 Feb 19;7:49. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00049. eCollection 2016.

			Adameyko I1, Fried K2.

			Abstract

			Development of a head is a dazzlingly complex process: a number of distinct cellular sources including cranial ecto- and endoderm, mesoderm and neural crest contribute to facial and other structures. In the head, an extremely fine-tuned developmental coordination of CNS, peripheral neural components, sensory organs and a musculo-skeletal apparatus occurs, which provides protection and functional integration. The face can to a large extent be considered as an assembly of sensory systems encased and functionally fused with appendages represented by jaws. Here we review how the developing brain, neurogenic placodes and peripheral nerves influence the morphogenesis of surrounding tissues as a part of various general integrative processes in the head. The mechanisms of this impact, as we understand it now, span from the targeted release of the morphogens necessary for shaping to providing a niche for cellular sources required in later development. In this review we also discuss the most recent findings and ideas related to how peripheral nerves and nerve-associated cells contribute to craniofacial development, including teeth, during the post- neural crest period and potentially in regeneration.
			KEYWORDS:
			craniofacial; development; glia; nervous system; stem cell; tooth
			PMID 26924989

	==2015==		==2015==

Z8600021 at 12:12, 6 September 2015

2015-09-06T12:12:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:12, 6 September 2015
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	\|		\|
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\| '''4 ~~& 6~~'''		\| '''4'''
	\| vagus (X) superior laryngeal branch		\| vagus (X) superior laryngeal branch
	\| part of aortic arch (left), part right subclavian artery (right)		\| part of aortic arch (left), part right subclavian artery (right)

Z8600021 at 12:12, 6 September 2015

2015-09-06T12:12:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:12, 6 September 2015
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	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\| '''4 & 6'''		\| '''4 & 6'''
	\| ~~superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal branch of~~ vagus (X)		\| vagus (X) superior laryngeal branch
	\| part of aortic arch (left), part right subclavian artery (right)		\| part of aortic arch (left), part right subclavian artery (right)
	\| thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneform cartilages		\| thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneform cartilages
	\| crycothyroid, ~~pharynx constrictors, larynx muscles, oesophagus~~ (~~st. muscle~~)		\| crycothyroid, soft palate levator veli palatini (not tensor veli palatini)
	\|		\|
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\| '''6'''		\| '''6'''
	\| ~~superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal branch of~~ vagus (X)		\| vagus (X) recurrent laryngeal branch
	\| part of left pulmonary artery (left), forms part of right pulmonary artery (right)		\| part of left pulmonary artery (left), forms part of right pulmonary artery (right)
	\| thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneform cartilages		\| thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneform cartilages
	\| ~~crycothyroid, pharynx constrictors,~~ larynx muscles~~, oesophagus~~ (~~st.~~ muscle)		\| larynx intrinsic muscles (not cricothyroid muscle)
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

Z8600021 at 12:05, 6 September 2015

2015-09-06T12:05:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:05, 6 September 2015
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	! Arch		! Arch
	! Nerve		! Nerve
			! Artery
	! Skeletal Structures		! Skeletal Structures
	! Muscles		! Muscles
Line 24:		Line 25:
	\| '''1''' <br>(maxillary/mandibular)		\| '''1''' <br>(maxillary/mandibular)
	\| trigeminal (V)		\| trigeminal (V)
			\| part of maxillary artery (mainly lost)
	\| mandible, maxilla, malleus, incus		\| mandible, maxilla, malleus, incus
	\| ~~ ~~		\| muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, tensor tympanic, ant. belly digastric
	\| ant lig of malleus, sphenomandibular ligament		\| ant lig of malleus, sphenomandibular ligament
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\| '''2''' <br>(hyoid)		\| '''2''' <br>(hyoid)
	\| facial (VII)		\| facial (VII)
			\| stapedial arteries
	\| stapes, styloid process, lesser cornu of hyoid, upper part of body of hyoid bone		\| stapes, styloid process, lesser cornu of hyoid, upper part of body of hyoid bone
	\| ~~ ~~		\| muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, post. belly digastric
	\| stylohyoid ligament		\| stylohyoid ligament
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''3'''		\| '''3'''
	\| glossopharyngeal (IX)		\| glossopharyngeal (IX)
			\| common carotid arteries, internal carotid arteries
	\| greater cornu of hyoid, lower part of body of hyoid bone		\| greater cornu of hyoid, lower part of body of hyoid bone
	\| ~~ ~~		\| stylopharyngeus
	\|		\|
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\| '''4 & 6'''		\| '''4 & 6'''
	\| superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (X)		\| superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (X)
			\| part of aortic arch (left), part right subclavian artery (right)
	\| thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneform cartilages		\| thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneform cartilages
	\| ~~ ~~		\| crycothyroid, pharynx constrictors, larynx muscles, oesophagus (st. muscle)
			\|
			\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
			\| '''6'''
			\| superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (X)
			\| part of left pulmonary artery (left), forms part of right pulmonary artery (right)
			\| thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneform cartilages
			\| crycothyroid, pharynx constrictors, larynx muscles, oesophagus (st. muscle)
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|
	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 11:54, 6 September 2015

2015-09-06T11:54:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:54, 6 September 2015
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	{\|		{\|
			\|-bgcolor="CEDFF2"
	! Arch		! Arch
	! Nerve		! Nerve
Line 21:		Line 22:
	! Ligaments		! Ligaments
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1 (maxillary/mandibular)		\| '''1''' <br>(maxillary/mandibular)
	\| trigeminal (V)		\| trigeminal (V)
	\| mandible, maxilla, malleus, incus		\| mandible, maxilla, malleus, incus
	\|		\|
	\| ant lig of malleus, sphenomandibular ligament		\| ant lig of malleus, sphenomandibular ligament
	\|-		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\| 2 (hyoid)		\| '''2''' <br>(hyoid)
	\| facial (VII)		\| facial (VII)
	\| stapes, styloid process, lesser cornu of hyoid, upper part of body of hyoid bone		\| stapes, styloid process, lesser cornu of hyoid, upper part of body of hyoid bone
Line 33:		Line 34:
	\| stylohyoid ligament		\| stylohyoid ligament
	\|-		\|-
	\| 3		\| '''3'''
	\| glossopharyngeal (IX)		\| glossopharyngeal (IX)
	\| greater cornu of hyoid, lower part of body of hyoid bone		\| greater cornu of hyoid, lower part of body of hyoid bone
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\| 4 & 6		\| '''4 & 6'''
	\| superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (X)		\| superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (X)
	\| thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneform cartilages		\| thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneform cartilages
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
			\|-
			\|
	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 11:51, 6 September 2015

2015-09-06T11:51:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:51, 6 September 2015
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	===Neck Development===		===Neck Development===
	<pubmed limit=5>Neck Development</pubmed>		<pubmed limit=5>Neck Development</pubmed>

			== Table - Structures derived from Arches ==

			{{Pharyngeal Arch table}}

			{\|
			! Arch
			! Nerve
			! Skeletal Structures
			! Muscles
			! Ligaments
			\|-
			\| 1 (maxillary/mandibular)
			\| trigeminal (V)
			\| mandible, maxilla, malleus, incus
			\|
			\| ant lig of malleus, sphenomandibular ligament
			\|-
			\| 2 (hyoid)
			\| facial (VII)
			\| stapes, styloid process, lesser cornu of hyoid, upper part of body of hyoid bone
			\|
			\| stylohyoid ligament
			\|-
			\| 3
			\| glossopharyngeal (IX)
			\| greater cornu of hyoid, lower part of body of hyoid bone
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\| 4 & 6
			\| superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (X)
			\| thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneform cartilages
			\|
			\|
			\|}

Z8600021 at 02:13, 15 Haziran 2015

2015-06-15T02:13:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:13, 15 Haziran 2015
Line 12:		Line 12:

	==2015==		==2015==

			===A Functional Perspective on the Embryology and Anatomy of the Cerebral Blood Supply===

			J Stroke. 2015 May;17(2):144-58. doi: 10.5853/jos.2015.17.2.144. Epub 2015 May 29.

			Menshawi K1, Mohr JP1, Gutierrez J1.

			Abstract

			The anatomy of the arterial system supplying blood to the brain can influence the development of arterial disease such as aneurysms, dolichoectasia and atherosclerosis. As the arteries supplying blood to the brain develop during embryogenesis, variation in their anatomy may occur and this variation may influence the development of arterial disease. Angiogenesis, which occurs mainly by sprouting of parent arteries, is the first stage at which variations can occur. At day 24 of embryological life, the internal carotid artery is the first artery to form and it provides all the blood required by the primitive brain. As the occipital region, brain stem and cerebellum enlarge; the internal carotid supply becomes insufficient, triggering the development of the posterior circulation. At this stage, the posterior circulation consists of a primitive mesh of arterial networks that originate from projection of penetrators from the distal carotid artery and more proximally from carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. These anastomoses regress when the basilar artery and the vertebral arteries become independent from the internal carotid artery, but their persistence is not uncommon in adults (e.g., persistent trigeminal artery). Other common remnants of embryological development include fenestration or duplication (most commonly of the basilar artery), hypoplasia (typically of the posterior communicating artery) or agenesis (typically of the anterior communicating artery). Learning more about the hemodynamic consequence that these variants may have on the brain territories they supply may help understand better the underlying physiopathology of cerebral arterial remodeling and stroke in patients with these variants. KEYWORDS: Arterial variants; Cerebral arteries; Circle of willis; Embryology; Remodeling; Stroke

			PMID 26060802

			This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

			http://synapse.koreamed.org/search.php?where=aview&id=10.5853/jos.2015.17.2.144&code=1183JOS&vmode=FT

	===Dynamic epithelia of the developing vertebrate face===		===Dynamic epithelia of the developing vertebrate face===