Talk:Cardiovascular System - Spleen Development - Revision history

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			{{Ref-Radford1908}}

			Development of the Spleen. J Anat Physiol , 42, 288-301. PMID: 17232772

	J Anat Physiol. 1908 Apr;42(Pt 3):288-301.		J Anat Physiol. 1908 Apr;42(Pt 3):288-301.

Z8600021 at 02:29, 19 July 2019

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			J Anat Physiol. 1908 Apr;42(Pt 3):288-301.
			Development of the Spleen.

			{{#pmid:17232772}}


	==2018==		==2018==

Z8600021 at 04:12, 12 February 2019

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 Aging has a profound impact on multiple facets of the immune system, culminating in aberrant functionality. The architectural disorganization of splenic white pulp is a hallmark of the aging spleen, yet the factors underlying these structural changes are unclear. Fibroblastic reticular cells comprise one stromal cell subset in the spleen that is important for maintenance of architectural organization, yet it remains to be determined how aging impacts these cells. In this study, we sought to determine how aging impacts splenic T cell zone reticular cell (TRC) numbers, morphology, and function. Using a mouse model of aging, we found that aged naive spleens have fewer TRCs than young spleens. This reduction in TRC number correlated with reduced CCL19 and CCL21 concentrations in aged spleens, which may contribute to impaired homing of T cells. CCL21 in both young and aged spleens localized with TRCs. Aged TRCs extended marginally into B cell follicles and may contribute to the blending of the T cell zone and B cell follicles in aged spleens. The described age-related changes in TRCs number and function may be an underlying factor contributing to impaired immune system function with age.
 PMID: 30706058 PMCID: PMC6350919 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700062
 ===Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis===

Z8600021 at 04:05, 12 February 2019

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	Note this paper has associated VR files available - https://zenodo.org/record/1229434#.XGI-tC1L3OQ		Note this paper has associated VR files available - https://zenodo.org/record/1229434#.XGI-tC1L3OQ


			===Attrition of T Cell Zone Fibroblastic Reticular Cell Number and Function in Aged Spleens===

			Immunohorizons. 2018 May;2(5):155-163. doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700062. Epub 2018 Jul 23.

			Masters AR1,2, Jellison ER1, Puddington L1, Khanna KM1,3, Haynes L1,2.

			Abstract

			Aging has a profound impact on multiple facets of the immune system, culminating in aberrant functionality. The architectural disorganization of splenic white pulp is a hallmark of the aging spleen, yet the factors underlying these structural changes are unclear. Fibroblastic reticular cells comprise one stromal cell subset in the spleen that is important for maintenance of architectural organization, yet it remains to be determined how aging impacts these cells. In this study, we sought to determine how aging impacts splenic T cell zone reticular cell (TRC) numbers, morphology, and function. Using a mouse model of aging, we found that aged naive spleens have fewer TRCs than young spleens. This reduction in TRC number correlated with reduced CCL19 and CCL21 concentrations in aged spleens, which may contribute to impaired homing of T cells. CCL21 in both young and aged spleens localized with TRCs. Aged TRCs extended marginally into B cell follicles and may contribute to the blending of the T cell zone and B cell follicles in aged spleens. The described age-related changes in TRCs number and function may be an underlying factor contributing to impaired immune system function with age.
			PMID: 30706058 PMCID: PMC6350919 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700062

	===Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis===		===Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis===

Z8600021 at 03:38, 12 February 2019

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	Stromal capillary sheath cells in human spleens strongly express CD271, the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75. Serial sections of a representative adult human spleen were double-stained for CD271 versus smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA) plus CD34 to visualise capillary sheaths, the arterial tree and endothelial cells by transmitted light. Preliminary three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of single regions were inspected in virtual reality (VR). This method showed that a large number of CD271+ sheaths occur in a post-arteriolar position often surrounding capillaries located close to divisions of arterioles. The length and diameter of capillary sheaths are rather heterogeneous. Long sheaths were observed to accompany one or two generations of capillary branches. We hypothesise that human splenic capillary sheaths may attract recirculating B-lymphocytes from the open circulation of the red pulp to start their migration into white pulp follicles along branches of the arterial tree. In addition, they may provide sites of interaction among sheath macrophages and B-lymphocytes. Our innovative approach allows stringent quality control by inserting the original immunostained serial sections into the 3D model for viewing and annotation in VR. Longer series of sections will allow to unequivocally localise most of the capillary sheaths in a given volume.		Stromal capillary sheath cells in human spleens strongly express CD271, the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75. Serial sections of a representative adult human spleen were double-stained for CD271 versus smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA) plus CD34 to visualise capillary sheaths, the arterial tree and endothelial cells by transmitted light. Preliminary three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of single regions were inspected in virtual reality (VR). This method showed that a large number of CD271+ sheaths occur in a post-arteriolar position often surrounding capillaries located close to divisions of arterioles. The length and diameter of capillary sheaths are rather heterogeneous. Long sheaths were observed to accompany one or two generations of capillary branches. We hypothesise that human splenic capillary sheaths may attract recirculating B-lymphocytes from the open circulation of the red pulp to start their migration into white pulp follicles along branches of the arterial tree. In addition, they may provide sites of interaction among sheath macrophages and B-lymphocytes. Our innovative approach allows stringent quality control by inserting the original immunostained serial sections into the 3D model for viewing and annotation in VR. Longer series of sections will allow to unequivocally localise most of the capillary sheaths in a given volume.
	PMID: 30356180 PMCID: PMC6200800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34105-3		PMID: 30356180 PMCID: PMC6200800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34105-3

			Note this paper has associated VR files available - https://zenodo.org/record/1229434#.XGI-tC1L3OQ


	===Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis===		===Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis===

Z8600021 at 03:31, 12 February 2019

2019-02-12T03:31:37Z

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	==2018==		==2018==

			===Locating human splenic capillary sheaths in virtual reality===

			Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 24;8(1):15720. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34105-3.

			Steiniger BS1, Wilhelmi V2, Berthold M3, Guthe M3, Lobachev O3.
			Author information
			Abstract
			Stromal capillary sheath cells in human spleens strongly express CD271, the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75. Serial sections of a representative adult human spleen were double-stained for CD271 versus smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA) plus CD34 to visualise capillary sheaths, the arterial tree and endothelial cells by transmitted light. Preliminary three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of single regions were inspected in virtual reality (VR). This method showed that a large number of CD271+ sheaths occur in a post-arteriolar position often surrounding capillaries located close to divisions of arterioles. The length and diameter of capillary sheaths are rather heterogeneous. Long sheaths were observed to accompany one or two generations of capillary branches. We hypothesise that human splenic capillary sheaths may attract recirculating B-lymphocytes from the open circulation of the red pulp to start their migration into white pulp follicles along branches of the arterial tree. In addition, they may provide sites of interaction among sheath macrophages and B-lymphocytes. Our innovative approach allows stringent quality control by inserting the original immunostained serial sections into the 3D model for viewing and annotation in VR. Longer series of sections will allow to unequivocally localise most of the capillary sheaths in a given volume.
			PMID: 30356180 PMCID: PMC6200800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34105-3

	===Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis===		===Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis===

Z8600021 at 01:36, 11 February 2019

2019-02-11T01:36:07Z

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	==2018==		==2018==

			===Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis===

			NPJ Regen Med. 2018 Jan 16;3:1. doi: 10.1038/s41536-018-0039-2. eCollection 2018.

			Tan JKH1, Watanabe T2,3.

			Abstract

			The spleen is an organ that filters the blood and is responsible for generating blood-borne immune responses. It is also an organ with a remarkable capacity to regenerate. Techniques for splenic auto-transplantation have emerged to take advantage of this characteristic and rebuild spleen tissue in individuals undergoing splenectomy. While this procedure has been performed for decades, the underlying mechanisms controlling spleen regeneration have remained elusive. Insights into secondary lymphoid organogenesis and the roles of stromal organiser cells and lymphotoxin signalling in lymph node development have helped reveal similar requirements for spleen regeneration. These factors are now considered in the regulation of embryonic and postnatal spleen formation, and in the establishment of mature white pulp and marginal zone compartments which are essential for spleen-mediated immunity. A greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms which control spleen development will assist in the design of more precise and efficient tissue grafting methods for spleen regeneration on demand. Regeneration of organs which harbour functional white pulp tissue will also offer novel opportunities for effective immunotherapy against cancer as well as infectious diseases.
			PMID: 29367882 PMCID: PMC5770394 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0039-2

			Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

	===Origin and Immunological Functions of Spleen Stromal Cells===		===Origin and Immunological Functions of Spleen Stromal Cells===

Z8600021 at 01:56, 4 February 2019

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 ==2011==
 ===Impaired spleen formation perturbs morphogenesis of the gastric lobe of the pancreas===

Z8600021 at 10:43, 6 November 2018

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			===Origin and Immunological Functions of Spleen Stromal Cells===

			Trends Immunol. 2018 Jun;39(6):503-514. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2018.02.007. Epub 2018 Mar 19.

			Golub R1, Tan J2, Watanabe T3, Brendolan A4.
			Author information
			Abstract
			The mammalian spleen is a peripheral lymphoid organ that plays a central role in host defense. Consequently, the lack of spleen is often associated with immunodeficiency and increased risk of overwhelming infections. Growing evidence suggests that non-hematopoietic stromal cells are central players in spleen development, organization, and immune functions. In addition to its immunological role, the spleen also provides a site for extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in response to injuries. A deeper understanding of the biology of stromal cells is therefore essential to fully comprehend how these cells modulate the immune system during normal and pathological conditions. Here, we review the specificities of the different mouse spleen stromal cell subsets and complement the murine studies with human data when available.
			PMID: 29567327 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.02.007

	===Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis===		===Determinants of postnatal spleen tissue regeneration and organogenesis===

Z8600021 at 01:27, 23 February 2018

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 ==2017==
 ===Stromal Cell Subsets Directing Neonatal Spleen Regeneration===
 Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 9;7:40401. doi: 10.1038/srep40401.