Talk:2009 Lecture 17 - Revision history

S8600021 at 14:42, 27 September 2009

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			Development of Hearing - 3 divisions of ear

			'''outer''' - pinna (auricle, "ear") and external auditory meatus (ear canal) functions to collect sound and gude it to the tympanic membrane

			'''middle''' - tympanic cavity functions to convert sound pressure waves into mechanical waves of typanic membrane. Ossicles reduce amplitude but increase force to drive fluid-filled inner ear and eustacian tube allows equalization of pressure (into oral cavity)

			'''inner''' - duct system functions hearing and balance to convert hair displacement into neural signal



	Table Embryonic Origins		Table Embryonic Origins

S8600021 at 14:40, 27 September 2009

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	'''External Ear'''		'''External Ear'''

	* Auricle		* Auricle - Pharyngeal Arches 1 and 2 (ectoderm, mesoderm)
	** Pharyngeal Arches 1 and 2 (ectoderm, mesoderm)		* External Auditory Meatus - Pharyngeal Arch 1 groove (ectoderm)
	* External Auditory Meatus		* Tympanic Membrane - Pharyngeal Arch 1 membrane (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)
	** Pharyngeal Arch 1 groove (ectoderm)
	* Tympanic Membrane
	** Pharyngeal Arch 1 membrane (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)

	'''Middle Ear'''		'''Middle Ear'''

	* Middle Ear Ossicles		* Middle Ear Ossicles
	** Malleus and incus		** Malleus and incus - Pharyngeal Arch 1 cartilage Neural crest (ectoderm)
	~~***~~ Pharyngeal Arch 1 cartilage		** Stapes - Pharyngeal Arch 2 cartilage Neural crest (ectoderm)
	~~****~~ Neural crest (ectoderm)
	** Stapes
	~~***~~ Pharyngeal Arch 2 cartilage
	~~****~~ Neural crest (ectoderm)
	* Middle Ear Muscles		* Middle Ear Muscles
	** Tensor tympani		** Tensor tympani - Pharyngeal Arch 1 (mesoderm)
	~~***~~ Pharyngeal Arch 1 (mesoderm)		** Stapedius - Pharyngeal Arch 2 (mesoderm)
	** Stapedius		* Middle ear cavity - Pharyngeal Arch 1 cleft (endoderm)
	~~***~~ Pharyngeal Arch 2 (mesoderm)
	* Middle ear cavity
	** Pharyngeal Arch 1 cleft (endoderm)

	'''Inner Ear'''		'''Inner Ear'''

	* Inner Ear Labyrinth		* Inner Ear Labyrinth
	** Cochlea		** Cochlea - Otic vesicle - Otic placode (ectoderm)
	~~***~~ Otic vesicle		** Semicircular canals - Otic vesicle - Otic placode (ectoderm)
	~~****~~ Otic placode (ectoderm)		** Saccule and utricle - Otic vesicle - Otic placode (ectoderm)
	** Semicircular canals
	~~***~~ Otic vesicle
	~~****~~ Otic placode (ectoderm)
	** Saccule and utricle
	~~***~~ Otic vesicle
	~~****~~ Otic placode (ectoderm)
	* Cranial Nerve VIII		* Cranial Nerve VIII
	** Auditory component		** Auditory component - Otic vesicle and neural crest (ectoderm)
	~~***~~ Otic vesicle and neural crest (ectoderm)		** Vestibular component - Otic vesicle and neural crest (ectoderm)
	** Vestibular component
	~~***~~ Otic vesicle and neural crest (ectoderm)

	Table Pharyngeal arch contributions to external ear		Table Pharyngeal arch contributions to external ear

S8600021 at 14:38, 27 September 2009

2009-09-27T14:38:22Z

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	Table Pharyngeal ~~arch contributions to external~~ ear		Table Embryonic Origins


			'''External Ear'''

			* Auricle
			** Pharyngeal Arches 1 and 2 (ectoderm, mesoderm)
			* External Auditory Meatus
			** Pharyngeal Arch 1 groove (ectoderm)
			* Tympanic Membrane
			** Pharyngeal Arch 1 membrane (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)

			'''Middle Ear'''

			* Middle Ear Ossicles
			** Malleus and incus
			*** Pharyngeal Arch 1 cartilage
			**** Neural crest (ectoderm)
			** Stapes
			*** Pharyngeal Arch 2 cartilage
			**** Neural crest (ectoderm)
			* Middle Ear Muscles
			** Tensor tympani
			*** Pharyngeal Arch 1 (mesoderm)
			** Stapedius
			*** Pharyngeal Arch 2 (mesoderm)
			* Middle ear cavity
			** Pharyngeal Arch 1 cleft (endoderm)

			'''Inner Ear'''

			* Inner Ear Labyrinth
			** Cochlea
			*** Otic vesicle
			**** Otic placode (ectoderm)
			** Semicircular canals
			*** Otic vesicle
			**** Otic placode (ectoderm)
			** Saccule and utricle
			*** Otic vesicle
			**** Otic placode (ectoderm)
			* Cranial Nerve VIII
			** Auditory component
			*** Otic vesicle and neural crest (ectoderm)
			** Vestibular component
			*** Otic vesicle and neural crest (ectoderm)

			Table Pharyngeal arch contributions to external ear

	{\| class="prettytable"		{\| class="prettytable"

S8600021 at 14:35, 27 September 2009

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	Table Pharyngeal arch contributions to external ear		Table Pharyngeal arch contributions to external ear

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	\| 18 week		\| 18 week
	\| Meatus is already fully expanded to its complete form.		\| Meatus is already fully expanded to its complete form.

	\|-
	\|
	\|

	\|-
	\|
	\|

	\|}		\|}
	{Nishimura, 1992 ~~#1782~~}		(Nishimura, 1992}

S8600021 at 14:28, 27 September 2009

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			Table Pharyngeal arch contributions to external ear



			{\| class="prettytable"
			\| Pharyngeal Arch
			\| Hillock
			\| Auricle Component

			\|-
			\| Arch 1
			\| 1
			\| tragus

			\|-
			\|
			\| 2
			\| helix

			\|-
			\|
			\| 3
			\| cymba concha

			\|-
			\| Arch 2
			\| 4
			\| concha

			\|-
			\|
			\| 5
			\| antihelix

			\|-
			\|
			\| 6
			\| antitragus

			\|}

			{\| class="prettytable"
			\| Embryonic period
			\| Ectodermal cells proliferate and fill the entire lumen forming a meatal plug

			\|-
			\| 10 weeks
			\| Meatal plug extends in a disc-like fashion. In the horizontal plane the meatus is boot-shaped with a narrow neck and the sole of the meatal plug spreading widely to form the future tympanic membrane medially. Proximal portion of the neck starts to be resorbed.

			\|-
			\| 13 weeks
			\| Disc-like plug innermost surface in contact with the primordial malleus, contributes to the formation of the tympanic membrane.




			\|-
			\| 16.5 week
			\| Meatus is fully patent throughout its length, lumen is still narrow and curved.

			\|-
			\| 18 week
			\| Meatus is already fully expanded to its complete form.

			\|-
			\|
			\|

			\|-
			\|
			\|

			\|}
			{Nishimura, 1992 #1782}





	= Ear Development=		= Ear Development=
	[[Image:Hearing cartoon.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Three divisions of the Ear]]		[[Image:Hearing cartoon.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Three divisions of the Ear]]

S8600021 at 14:05, 27 September 2009

2009-09-27T14:05:15Z

Show changes

S8600021: Created page with ''''Reviews''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=17420028&dopt=Abstract Werner LA.] Issues in human auditory development. J Comm…'

2009-09-24T12:11:17Z

Created page with ''''Reviews''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=17420028&dopt=Abstract Werner LA.] Issues in human auditory development. J Comm…'

New page

'''Reviews'''

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=17420028&dopt=Abstract Werner LA.] Issues in human auditory development. J Commun Disord. 2007 Mar 13;

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15319325 Barald KF, Kelley MW.] From placode to polarization: new tunes in inner ear development. Development. 2004 Sep;131(17):4119-30. Review.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9547240 Morsli H, Choo D, Ryan A, Johnson R, Wu DK.] Development of the mouse inner ear and origin of its sensory organs. J Neurosci. 1998 May 1;18(9):3327-35. [http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/18/9/3327 J Neuroscience Link]

'''Articles'''

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16093324 Villa-Cuesta E, Modolell J.] Mutual repression between msh and Iro-C is an essential component of the boundary between body wall and wing in Drosophila. Development. 2005 Aug 10

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16585961 Goto M, Piper Hanley K, Marcos J, Wood PJ, Wright S, Postle AD, Cameron IT, Mason JI, Wilson DI, Hanley NA.] In humans, early cortisol biosynthesis provides a mechanism to safeguard female sexual development. J Clin Invest. 2006 Apr;116(4):953-60.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16407553&dopt=Abstract Jones JM, Montcouquiol M, Dabdoub A, Woods C, Kelley MW.] Inhibitors of differentiation and DNA binding (Ids) regulate Math1 and hair cell formation during the development of the organ of Corti. J Neurosci. 2006 Jan 11;26(2):550-8.

"Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Math1 (Mouse homolog of ATH1, also called Atoh1) is both necessary and sufficient for hair cell development in the mammalian cochlea. The bHLH-related inhibitors of differentiation and DNA binding (Id) proteins negatively regulate many bHLH transcription factors including Math1. Progenitor cells expressing Ids during the time of hair cell differentiation were inhibited from developing as hair cells. Role for Ids in the regulation of expression of Math1 and hair cell differentiation in the developing cochlea." (text edited from abstract) (More? OMIM [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=601461 ATONAL])

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16050903 Rodriguez-Vazquez JF.] Development of the stapes and associated structures in human embryos. J Anat. 2005 Aug;207(2):165-73.

"The stapedial anlage is a unique formation with two distinct parts: the superior part that will comprise the base and the inferior part that will be crossed by the stapedial artery during embryonic development and will constitute the limbs and the head of the stapes. According to the results, the otic capsule is not involved in formation of the base of the stapes."

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15846349 Kiernan AE, Pelling AL, Leung KK, Tang AS, Bell DM, Tease C, Lovell-Badge R, Steel KP, Cheah KS.] Sox2 is required for sensory organ development in the mammalian inner ear. Nature. 2005 Apr 21;434(7036):1031-5.

"Sensory hair cells and their associated non-sensory supporting cells in the inner ear are fundamental for hearing and balance. They arise from a common progenitor, but little is known about the molecular events specifying this cell lineage."

'''Molecular Normal Development'''

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16407553&dopt=Abstract Jones JM, Montcouquiol M, Dabdoub A, Woods C, Kelley MW.] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?dispmax=20&dbFrom=PubMed&from_uid=16407553&cmd=Link&db=Pubmed [See Related Articles] ] Inhibitors of differentiation and DNA binding (Ids) regulate Math1 and hair cell formation during the development of the organ of Corti. J Neurosci. 2006 Jan 11;26(2):550-8.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12805278&dopt=Abstract Kawamoto K, Ishimoto S, Minoda R, Brough DE, Raphael Y.] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?dispmax=20&dbFrom=PubMed&from_uid=12805278&cmd=Link&db=Pubmed [See Related Articles] ] Math1 gene transfer generates new cochlear hair cells in mature guinea pigs in vivo. J Neurosci. 2003 Jun 1;23(11):4395-400.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12208538&dopt=Abstract Zine A, de Ribaupierre F.] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?dispmax=20&dbFrom=PubMed&from_uid=12208538&cmd=Link&db=Pubmed [See Related Articles] ] Notch/Notch ligands and Math1 expression patterns in the organ of Corti of wild-type and Hes1 and Hes5 mutant mice. Hear Res. 2002 Aug;170(1-2):22-31.

List of [../Refer/senses/ear_rev.htm Ear Development Reviews (1998)]

'''Reviews Abnormal Development (1998)'''

 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9699240&dopt=Abstract Webster WS.] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?dispmax=20&dbFrom=PubMed&from_uid=9699240&cmd=Link&db=Pubmed [See Related Articles] ] Teratogen update: congenital rubella. Teratology. 1998 Jul;58(1):13-23. Review.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9279630&dopt=Abstract Yates JA, et al.] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?dispmax=20&dbFrom=PubMed&from_uid=9279630&cmd=Link&db=Pubmed [See Related Articles]] Isolated congenital internal auditory canal atresia with normal facial nerve function. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1997 Jul 18;41(1):1-8. Review.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8893214&dopt=Abstract Lambert PR, et al.] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?dispmax=20&dbFrom=PubMed&from_uid=8893214&cmd=Link&db=Pubmed [See Related Articles]] Congenital malformations of the external auditory canal. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1996 Oct;29(5):741-60. Review.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7747785&dopt=Abstract Lin AE, et al.]  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?dispmax=20&dbFrom=PubMed&from_uid=7747785&cmd=Link&db=Pubmed [See Related Articles]] Further delineation of the branchio-oculo-facial syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1995 Mar 13;56(1):42-59. Review.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7696676&dopt=Abstract Strasnick B, et al]  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?dispmax=20&dbFrom=PubMed&from_uid=7696676&cmd=Link&db=Pubmed [See Related Articles]] Teratogenic hearing loss. J Am Acad Audiol. 1995 Jan;6(1):28-38. Review.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6765128&dopt=Abstract Kossowska E, et al.] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?dispmax=20&dbFrom=PubMed&from_uid=6765128&cmd=Link&db=Pubmed [See Related Articles]] Prenatal and neonatal prophylaxis in otorhinolaryngology. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1980 Jun;2(2):85-98. Review.

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=188059&dopt=Abstract Gottlieb G.] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?dispmax=20&dbFrom=PubMed&from_uid=188059&cmd=Link&db=Pubmed [See Related Articles]] Conceptions of prenatal development: behavioral embryology. Psychol Rev. 1976 May;83(3):215-34. Review.

Holme RH, Steel KP Genes involved in deafness. ''Curr Opin Genet Dev'' 1999 Jun;9(3):309-314

"Remarkable progress has been made over the past few years in the field of hereditary deafness. To date, mutations in at least 35 genes are known to cause hearing loss. We are now beginning to understand the function of many of these genes, which affect diverse aspects of ear development and function.

=== Books ===
Note: books are listed for educational and information purposes only and does not suggest a commercial product endorsement.

[http://www.amazon.com/Molecular-Cellular-Approaches-Neural-Development/dp/0195111664 Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Neural Development]

[http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471694622.html The Embryonic Human Brain: An Atlas Of Developmental Stages, 3rd Edition]

'''Search PubMed'''

Search Mar2007 "hearing development" '''7,453''' reference articles of which '''900''' were reviews.

'''Search PubMed Now:''' term= [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=hearing+development hearing development] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=otic%20placode otic placode] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=inner%20ear%20development inner ear development] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=middle%20ear%20development middle ear development] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=outer%20ear%20development outer ear development] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=abnormal+hearing+development abnormal hearing development]