Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer - Revision history

Z8600021 at 01:22, 19 December 2018

2018-12-19T01:22:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:22, 19 December 2018
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	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Somatic+Cell+Nuclear+Transfer ''Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Somatic+Cell+Nuclear+Transfer ''Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Animal+Cloning ''Animal Cloning'']

	~~<pubmed limit=5>Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer</pubmed>~~
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
	! Older papers		! Older papers
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\| {{Older papers}}
	* '''Review - Artificial cloning of domestic animals'''{{#pmid:26195770\|PMID26195770}} "Domestic animals can be cloned using techniques such as embryo splitting and nuclear transfer to produce genetically identical individuals. Although embryo splitting is limited to the production of only a few identical individuals, nuclear transfer of donor nuclei into recipient oocytes, whose own nuclear DNA has been removed, can result in large numbers of identical individuals. Moreover, clones can be produced using donor cells from sterile animals, such as steers and geldings, and, unlike their genetic source, these clones are fertile. In reality, due to low efficiencies and the high costs of cloning domestic species, only a limited number of identical individuals are generally produced, and these clones are primarily used as breed stock. In addition to providing a means of rescuing and propagating valuable genetics, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research has contributed knowledge that has led to the direct reprogramming of cells (e.g., to induce pluripotent stem cells) and a better understanding of epigenetic regulation during embryonic development. In this review, I provide a broad overview of the historical development of cloning in domestic animals, of its application to the propagation of livestock and transgenic animal production, and of its scientific promise for advancing basic research."		* '''Review - Artificial cloning of domestic animals'''{{#pmid:26195770\|PMID26195770}} "Domestic animals can be cloned using techniques such as embryo splitting and nuclear transfer to produce genetically identical individuals. Although embryo splitting is limited to the production of only a few identical individuals, nuclear transfer of donor nuclei into recipient oocytes, whose own nuclear DNA has been removed, can result in large numbers of identical individuals. Moreover, clones can be produced using donor cells from sterile animals, such as steers and geldings, and, unlike their genetic source, these clones are fertile. In reality, due to low efficiencies and the high costs of cloning domestic species, only a limited number of identical individuals are generally produced, and these clones are primarily used as breed stock. In addition to providing a means of rescuing and propagating valuable genetics, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research has contributed knowledge that has led to the direct reprogramming of cells (e.g., to induce pluripotent stem cells) and a better understanding of epigenetic regulation during embryonic development. In this review, I provide a broad overview of the historical development of cloning in domestic animals, of its application to the propagation of livestock and transgenic animal production, and of its scientific promise for advancing basic research."

Z8600021 at 07:00, 6 April 2018

2018-04-06T07:00:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:00, 6 April 2018
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			* '''Control of inner cells' proportion by asymmetric divisions and ensuing resilience of cloned rabbit embryos'''{{#pmid:29567671\|PMID29567671}} "Mammalian embryo cloning by nuclear transfer has a low success rate. This is hypothesized to correlate with a high variability of early developmental steps segregating outer cells, fated to extraembryonic tissues, from inner cells, giving rise to the embryo proper. Exploring the cell lineage of wild-type embryos (WT) and clones, imaged in toto until hatching, highlights the respective contributions of cell proliferation, death and asymmetric divisions to phenotypic variability. Preferential cell death of inner cells in clones, probably pertaining to the epigenetic plasticity of the transferred nucleus, is identified as a major difference with consequences on the inner cell proportion. In WT and clones, similar patterns of outer cell asymmetric divisions are shown to be essential to the robust inner cell proportion observed in WT. Asymmetric inner cell division, not described in mice, is identified as a regulator of the inner cell proportion, likely to give rise to resilient clones."

	* '''Healthy ageing of cloned sheep'''{{#pmid:27459299\|PMID27459299}} "The health of cloned animals generated by somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been of concern since its inception; however, there are no detailed assessments of late-onset, non-communicable diseases. Here we report that SCNT has no obvious detrimental long-term health effects in a cohort of 13 cloned sheep. We perform musculoskeletal assessments, metabolic tests and blood pressure measurements in 13 aged (7-9 years old) cloned sheep, including four derived from the cell line that gave rise to Dolly. We also perform radiological examinations of all main joints, including the knees, the joint most affected by osteoarthritis in Dolly, and compare all health parameters to groups of 5-and 6-year-old sheep, and published reference ranges. Despite their advanced age, these clones are euglycaemic, insulin sensitive and normotensive. Importantly, we observe no clinical signs of degenerative joint disease apart from mild, or in one case moderate, osteoarthritis in some animals. Our study is the first to assess the long-term health outcomes of SCNT in large animals." [[Sheep Development]]		* '''Healthy ageing of cloned sheep'''{{#pmid:27459299\|PMID27459299}} "The health of cloned animals generated by somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been of concern since its inception; however, there are no detailed assessments of late-onset, non-communicable diseases. Here we report that SCNT has no obvious detrimental long-term health effects in a cohort of 13 cloned sheep. We perform musculoskeletal assessments, metabolic tests and blood pressure measurements in 13 aged (7-9 years old) cloned sheep, including four derived from the cell line that gave rise to Dolly. We also perform radiological examinations of all main joints, including the knees, the joint most affected by osteoarthritis in Dolly, and compare all health parameters to groups of 5-and 6-year-old sheep, and published reference ranges. Despite their advanced age, these clones are euglycaemic, insulin sensitive and normotensive. Importantly, we observe no clinical signs of degenerative joint disease apart from mild, or in one case moderate, osteoarthritis in some animals. Our study is the first to assess the long-term health outcomes of SCNT in large animals." [[Sheep Development]]

	* '''Review - Artificial cloning of domestic animals'''{{#pmid:26195770\|PMID26195770}} "Domestic animals can be cloned using techniques such as embryo splitting and nuclear transfer to produce genetically identical individuals. Although embryo splitting is limited to the production of only a few identical individuals, nuclear transfer of donor nuclei into recipient oocytes, whose own nuclear DNA has been removed, can result in large numbers of identical individuals. Moreover, clones can be produced using donor cells from sterile animals, such as steers and geldings, and, unlike their genetic source, these clones are fertile. In reality, due to low efficiencies and the high costs of cloning domestic species, only a limited number of identical individuals are generally produced, and these clones are primarily used as breed stock. In addition to providing a means of rescuing and propagating valuable genetics, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research has contributed knowledge that has led to the direct reprogramming of cells (e.g., to induce pluripotent stem cells) and a better understanding of epigenetic regulation during embryonic development. In this review, I provide a broad overview of the historical development of cloning in domestic animals, of its application to the propagation of livestock and transgenic animal production, and of its scientific promise for advancing basic research."

	* '''Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in serially recloned pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)'''{{#pmid:22809505\|PMID22809505}} "Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been established for the transmission of specific nuclear DNA. However, the fate of donor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remains unclear. Here, we examined the fate of donor mtDNA in recloned pigs through third generations. ... These results indicate that heteroplasmy that originate from donor and recipient mtDNA is maintained in recloned pigs, resulting from SCNT, unlike natural reproduction."

	* '''Number of blastomeres and distribution of microvilli in cloned mouse embryos during compaction'''{{#pmid:20735894\|PMID20735894}} "We concluded that: (i) the cleavage of blastomeres in cloned embryos was slow at least before compaction; (ii) the distribution of microvilli in cloned, normal, parthenogenetic, and tetraploid embryos was coherent before and after compaction; and (iii) the initiation of compaction in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos was delayed compared with that of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos."

	\|}		\|}
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	<pubmed limit=5>Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer</pubmed>		<pubmed limit=5>Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer</pubmed>
	\|}		\|}
			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! Older papers
			\|-
			\|
			* '''Review - Artificial cloning of domestic animals'''{{#pmid:26195770\|PMID26195770}} "Domestic animals can be cloned using techniques such as embryo splitting and nuclear transfer to produce genetically identical individuals. Although embryo splitting is limited to the production of only a few identical individuals, nuclear transfer of donor nuclei into recipient oocytes, whose own nuclear DNA has been removed, can result in large numbers of identical individuals. Moreover, clones can be produced using donor cells from sterile animals, such as steers and geldings, and, unlike their genetic source, these clones are fertile. In reality, due to low efficiencies and the high costs of cloning domestic species, only a limited number of identical individuals are generally produced, and these clones are primarily used as breed stock. In addition to providing a means of rescuing and propagating valuable genetics, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research has contributed knowledge that has led to the direct reprogramming of cells (e.g., to induce pluripotent stem cells) and a better understanding of epigenetic regulation during embryonic development. In this review, I provide a broad overview of the historical development of cloning in domestic animals, of its application to the propagation of livestock and transgenic animal production, and of its scientific promise for advancing basic research."

			* '''Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in serially recloned pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)'''{{#pmid:22809505\|PMID22809505}} "Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been established for the transmission of specific nuclear DNA. However, the fate of donor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remains unclear. Here, we examined the fate of donor mtDNA in recloned pigs through third generations. ... These results indicate that heteroplasmy that originate from donor and recipient mtDNA is maintained in recloned pigs, resulting from SCNT, unlike natural reproduction."

			* '''Number of blastomeres and distribution of microvilli in cloned mouse embryos during compaction'''{{#pmid:20735894\|PMID20735894}} "We concluded that: (i) the cleavage of blastomeres in cloned embryos was slow at least before compaction; (ii) the distribution of microvilli in cloned, normal, parthenogenetic, and tetraploid embryos was coherent before and after compaction; and (iii) the initiation of compaction in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos was delayed compared with that of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos."
			\|}
	==SCNT Animal Timeline==		==SCNT Animal Timeline==

Z8600021 at 06:56, 6 April 2018

2018-04-06T06:56:44Z

Show changes

Z8600021 at 06:46, 1 August 2016

2016-08-01T06:46:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:46, 1 August 2016
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	* '''Healthy ageing of cloned sheep'''<ref name=PMID27459299><pubmed>27459299</pubmed></ref> "The health of cloned animals generated by somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been of concern since its inception; however, there are no detailed assessments of late-onset, non-communicable diseases. Here we report that SCNT has no obvious detrimental long-term health effects in a cohort of 13 cloned sheep. We perform musculoskeletal assessments, metabolic tests and blood pressure measurements in 13 aged (7-9 years old) cloned sheep, including four derived from the cell line that gave rise to Dolly. We also perform radiological examinations of all main joints, including the knees, the joint most affected by osteoarthritis in Dolly, and compare all health parameters to groups of 5-and 6-year-old sheep, and published reference ranges. Despite their advanced age, these clones are euglycaemic, insulin sensitive and normotensive. Importantly, we observe no clinical signs of degenerative joint disease apart from mild, or in one case moderate, osteoarthritis in some animals. Our study is the first to assess the long-term health outcomes of SCNT in large animals."		* '''Healthy ageing of cloned sheep'''<ref name=PMID27459299><pubmed>27459299</pubmed></ref> "The health of cloned animals generated by somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been of concern since its inception; however, there are no detailed assessments of late-onset, non-communicable diseases. Here we report that SCNT has no obvious detrimental long-term health effects in a cohort of 13 cloned sheep. We perform musculoskeletal assessments, metabolic tests and blood pressure measurements in 13 aged (7-9 years old) cloned sheep, including four derived from the cell line that gave rise to Dolly. We also perform radiological examinations of all main joints, including the knees, the joint most affected by osteoarthritis in Dolly, and compare all health parameters to groups of 5-and 6-year-old sheep, and published reference ranges. Despite their advanced age, these clones are euglycaemic, insulin sensitive and normotensive. Importantly, we observe no clinical signs of degenerative joint disease apart from mild, or in one case moderate, osteoarthritis in some animals. Our study is the first to assess the long-term health outcomes of SCNT in large animals." [[Sheep Development]]
	* '''Review - Artificial cloning of domestic animals'''<ref name=PMID26195770><pubmed>26195770</pubmed></ref> "Domestic animals can be cloned using techniques such as embryo splitting and nuclear transfer to produce genetically identical individuals. Although embryo splitting is limited to the production of only a few identical individuals, nuclear transfer of donor nuclei into recipient oocytes, whose own nuclear DNA has been removed, can result in large numbers of identical individuals. Moreover, clones can be produced using donor cells from sterile animals, such as steers and geldings, and, unlike their genetic source, these clones are fertile. In reality, due to low efficiencies and the high costs of cloning domestic species, only a limited number of identical individuals are generally produced, and these clones are primarily used as breed stock. In addition to providing a means of rescuing and propagating valuable genetics, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research has contributed knowledge that has led to the direct reprogramming of cells (e.g., to induce pluripotent stem cells) and a better understanding of epigenetic regulation during embryonic development. In this review, I provide a broad overview of the historical development of cloning in domestic animals, of its application to the propagation of livestock and transgenic animal production, and of its scientific promise for advancing basic research."		* '''Review - Artificial cloning of domestic animals'''<ref name=PMID26195770><pubmed>26195770</pubmed></ref> "Domestic animals can be cloned using techniques such as embryo splitting and nuclear transfer to produce genetically identical individuals. Although embryo splitting is limited to the production of only a few identical individuals, nuclear transfer of donor nuclei into recipient oocytes, whose own nuclear DNA has been removed, can result in large numbers of identical individuals. Moreover, clones can be produced using donor cells from sterile animals, such as steers and geldings, and, unlike their genetic source, these clones are fertile. In reality, due to low efficiencies and the high costs of cloning domestic species, only a limited number of identical individuals are generally produced, and these clones are primarily used as breed stock. In addition to providing a means of rescuing and propagating valuable genetics, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research has contributed knowledge that has led to the direct reprogramming of cells (e.g., to induce pluripotent stem cells) and a better understanding of epigenetic regulation during embryonic development. In this review, I provide a broad overview of the historical development of cloning in domestic animals, of its application to the propagation of livestock and transgenic animal production, and of its scientific promise for advancing basic research."
	* '''Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in serially recloned pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)'''<ref name=PMID22809505><pubmed>22809505</pubmed></ref> "Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been established for the transmission of specific nuclear DNA. However, the fate of donor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remains unclear. Here, we examined the fate of donor mtDNA in recloned pigs through third generations. ... These results indicate that heteroplasmy that originate from donor and recipient mtDNA is maintained in recloned pigs, resulting from SCNT, unlike natural reproduction."		* '''Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in serially recloned pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)'''<ref name=PMID22809505><pubmed>22809505</pubmed></ref> "Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been established for the transmission of specific nuclear DNA. However, the fate of donor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remains unclear. Here, we examined the fate of donor mtDNA in recloned pigs through third generations. ... These results indicate that heteroplasmy that originate from donor and recipient mtDNA is maintained in recloned pigs, resulting from SCNT, unlike natural reproduction."

Z8600021 at 02:47, 1 August 2016

2016-08-01T02:47:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:47, 1 August 2016
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	[[File:Dolly the sheep.jpg\|thumb\|Dolly the Sheep]]		[[File:Dolly the sheep.jpg\|thumb\|Dolly the Sheep]]
			[[File:Sheep 8-year old clones.jpg\|thumb\|Dolly's sisters<ref name=PMID27459299><pubmed>27459299</pubmed></ref> ]]
	[[Image:Mice cloned from adult keratinocytes.jpg\|thumb\|Mice cloned from adult keratinocytes<ref><pubmed>17299040</pubmed>\| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1815251 PMC1815251]</ref>]]		[[Image:Mice cloned from adult keratinocytes.jpg\|thumb\|Mice cloned from adult keratinocytes<ref><pubmed>17299040</pubmed>\| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1815251 PMC1815251]</ref>]]

Z8600021 at 02:38, 1 August 2016

2016-08-01T02:38:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:38, 1 August 2016
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			* '''Healthy ageing of cloned sheep'''<ref name=PMID27459299><pubmed>27459299</pubmed></ref> "The health of cloned animals generated by somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been of concern since its inception; however, there are no detailed assessments of late-onset, non-communicable diseases. Here we report that SCNT has no obvious detrimental long-term health effects in a cohort of 13 cloned sheep. We perform musculoskeletal assessments, metabolic tests and blood pressure measurements in 13 aged (7-9 years old) cloned sheep, including four derived from the cell line that gave rise to Dolly. We also perform radiological examinations of all main joints, including the knees, the joint most affected by osteoarthritis in Dolly, and compare all health parameters to groups of 5-and 6-year-old sheep, and published reference ranges. Despite their advanced age, these clones are euglycaemic, insulin sensitive and normotensive. Importantly, we observe no clinical signs of degenerative joint disease apart from mild, or in one case moderate, osteoarthritis in some animals. Our study is the first to assess the long-term health outcomes of SCNT in large animals."
	* '''Review - Artificial cloning of domestic animals'''<ref name=PMID26195770><pubmed>26195770</pubmed></ref> "Domestic animals can be cloned using techniques such as embryo splitting and nuclear transfer to produce genetically identical individuals. Although embryo splitting is limited to the production of only a few identical individuals, nuclear transfer of donor nuclei into recipient oocytes, whose own nuclear DNA has been removed, can result in large numbers of identical individuals. Moreover, clones can be produced using donor cells from sterile animals, such as steers and geldings, and, unlike their genetic source, these clones are fertile. In reality, due to low efficiencies and the high costs of cloning domestic species, only a limited number of identical individuals are generally produced, and these clones are primarily used as breed stock. In addition to providing a means of rescuing and propagating valuable genetics, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research has contributed knowledge that has led to the direct reprogramming of cells (e.g., to induce pluripotent stem cells) and a better understanding of epigenetic regulation during embryonic development. In this review, I provide a broad overview of the historical development of cloning in domestic animals, of its application to the propagation of livestock and transgenic animal production, and of its scientific promise for advancing basic research."		* '''Review - Artificial cloning of domestic animals'''<ref name=PMID26195770><pubmed>26195770</pubmed></ref> "Domestic animals can be cloned using techniques such as embryo splitting and nuclear transfer to produce genetically identical individuals. Although embryo splitting is limited to the production of only a few identical individuals, nuclear transfer of donor nuclei into recipient oocytes, whose own nuclear DNA has been removed, can result in large numbers of identical individuals. Moreover, clones can be produced using donor cells from sterile animals, such as steers and geldings, and, unlike their genetic source, these clones are fertile. In reality, due to low efficiencies and the high costs of cloning domestic species, only a limited number of identical individuals are generally produced, and these clones are primarily used as breed stock. In addition to providing a means of rescuing and propagating valuable genetics, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research has contributed knowledge that has led to the direct reprogramming of cells (e.g., to induce pluripotent stem cells) and a better understanding of epigenetic regulation during embryonic development. In this review, I provide a broad overview of the historical development of cloning in domestic animals, of its application to the propagation of livestock and transgenic animal production, and of its scientific promise for advancing basic research."
	* '''Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in serially recloned pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)'''<ref name=PMID22809505><pubmed>22809505</pubmed></ref> "Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been established for the transmission of specific nuclear DNA. However, the fate of donor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remains unclear. Here, we examined the fate of donor mtDNA in recloned pigs through third generations. ... These results indicate that heteroplasmy that originate from donor and recipient mtDNA is maintained in recloned pigs, resulting from SCNT, unlike natural reproduction."		* '''Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in serially recloned pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)'''<ref name=PMID22809505><pubmed>22809505</pubmed></ref> "Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been established for the transmission of specific nuclear DNA. However, the fate of donor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remains unclear. Here, we examined the fate of donor mtDNA in recloned pigs through third generations. ... These results indicate that heteroplasmy that originate from donor and recipient mtDNA is maintained in recloned pigs, resulting from SCNT, unlike natural reproduction."

Z8600021 at 00:24, 28 July 2016

2016-07-28T00:24:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:24, 28 July 2016
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	* '''2000''' - Pig<ref><pubmed>10993078</pubmed></ref>		* '''2000''' - Pig<ref><pubmed>10993078</pubmed></ref>


			[[File:Cloned dog.jpg\|600px]]

			Cloned Dog (2016)<ref name="PMID27428333"><pubmed>27428333</pubmed></ref>

	==Process==		==Process==

Z8600021 at 23:16, 27 July 2016

2016-07-27T23:16:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:16, 28 July 2016
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	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|
			* '''Review - Artificial cloning of domestic animals'''<ref name=PMID26195770><pubmed>26195770</pubmed></ref> "Domestic animals can be cloned using techniques such as embryo splitting and nuclear transfer to produce genetically identical individuals. Although embryo splitting is limited to the production of only a few identical individuals, nuclear transfer of donor nuclei into recipient oocytes, whose own nuclear DNA has been removed, can result in large numbers of identical individuals. Moreover, clones can be produced using donor cells from sterile animals, such as steers and geldings, and, unlike their genetic source, these clones are fertile. In reality, due to low efficiencies and the high costs of cloning domestic species, only a limited number of identical individuals are generally produced, and these clones are primarily used as breed stock. In addition to providing a means of rescuing and propagating valuable genetics, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) research has contributed knowledge that has led to the direct reprogramming of cells (e.g., to induce pluripotent stem cells) and a better understanding of epigenetic regulation during embryonic development. In this review, I provide a broad overview of the historical development of cloning in domestic animals, of its application to the propagation of livestock and transgenic animal production, and of its scientific promise for advancing basic research."
	* '''Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in serially recloned pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)'''<ref name=PMID22809505><pubmed>22809505</pubmed></ref> "Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been established for the transmission of specific nuclear DNA. However, the fate of donor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remains unclear. Here, we examined the fate of donor mtDNA in recloned pigs through third generations. ... These results indicate that heteroplasmy that originate from donor and recipient mtDNA is maintained in recloned pigs, resulting from SCNT, unlike natural reproduction."		* '''Inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in serially recloned pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)'''<ref name=PMID22809505><pubmed>22809505</pubmed></ref> "Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been established for the transmission of specific nuclear DNA. However, the fate of donor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remains unclear. Here, we examined the fate of donor mtDNA in recloned pigs through third generations. ... These results indicate that heteroplasmy that originate from donor and recipient mtDNA is maintained in recloned pigs, resulting from SCNT, unlike natural reproduction."
	* '''Number of blastomeres and distribution of microvilli in cloned mouse embryos during compaction'''<ref><pubmed>20735894</pubmed></ref> "We concluded that: (i) the cleavage of blastomeres in cloned embryos was slow at least before compaction; (ii) the distribution of microvilli in cloned, normal, parthenogenetic, and tetraploid embryos was coherent before and after compaction; and (iii) the initiation of compaction in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos was delayed compared with that of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos."		* '''Number of blastomeres and distribution of microvilli in cloned mouse embryos during compaction'''<ref><pubmed>20735894</pubmed></ref> "We concluded that: (i) the cleavage of blastomeres in cloned embryos was slow at least before compaction; (ii) the distribution of microvilli in cloned, normal, parthenogenetic, and tetraploid embryos was coherent before and after compaction; and (iii) the initiation of compaction in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos was delayed compared with that of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos."

Z8600021 at 23:14, 27 July 2016

2016-07-27T23:14:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:14, 28 July 2016
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			{{Header}}
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	~~'''''Page Under Development'''''~~
	[[File:Dolly the sheep.jpg\|thumb\|Dolly the Sheep]]		[[File:Dolly the sheep.jpg\|thumb\|Dolly the Sheep]]
	[[Image:Mice cloned from adult keratinocytes.jpg\|thumb\|Mice cloned from adult keratinocytes<ref><pubmed>17299040</pubmed>\| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1815251 PMC1815251]</ref>]]		[[Image:Mice cloned from adult keratinocytes.jpg\|thumb\|Mice cloned from adult keratinocytes<ref><pubmed>17299040</pubmed>\| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1815251 PMC1815251]</ref>]]
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	{{~~Template:~~Glossary}}		{{Glossary}}

	{{~~Template:~~Footer}}		{{Footer}}

	[[Category:Stem Cell]] [[Category:Week 1]] [[Category:Zygote]]		[[Category:Stem Cell]] [[Category:Week 1]] [[Category:Zygote]]

Z8600021 at 13:05, 24 Ocak 2016

2016-01-24T13:05:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:05, 25 Ocak 2016
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	===Reviews===		===Reviews===
			<pubmed>26195770</pubmed>
	<pubmed>22536140</pubmed>		<pubmed>22536140</pubmed>
	<pubmed>22000472</pubmed>		<pubmed>22000472</pubmed>
	<pubmed>21982229</pubmed>		<pubmed>21982229</pubmed>
	<pubmed>21555407</pubmed>		<pubmed>21555407</pubmed>
	~~<pubmed></pubmed>~~
	<pubmed></pubmed>		<pubmed></pubmed>
	<pubmed></pubmed>		<pubmed></pubmed>