Sensory - Balance Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 00:12, 26 July 2019

2019-07-26T00:12:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:12, 26 July 2019
Line 25:		Line 25:
	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vestibular+Development ''Vestibular Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=semicircular+canal+development ''semicircular canal development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=saccule+development ''saccule development'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vestibular+labyrinth+Development ''Vestibular labyrinth Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vestibular+Development ''Vestibular Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=semicircular+canal+development ''semicircular canal development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=saccule+development ''saccule development'']

	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 00:10, 26 July 2019

2019-07-26T00:10:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:10, 26 July 2019
Line 18:		Line 18:
	* '''Replacing semicircular canal function with a vestibular implant'''{{#pmid:122886037\|PMID122886037}} "To summarize the recent progress in the development of vestibular implants. The review is timely because of the recent advances in the field and because MED-EL has recently announced that they are developing a vestibular implant for clinical applications."		* '''Replacing semicircular canal function with a vestibular implant'''{{#pmid:122886037\|PMID122886037}} "To summarize the recent progress in the development of vestibular implants. The review is timely because of the recent advances in the field and because MED-EL has recently announced that they are developing a vestibular implant for clinical applications."

	* '''Lmo4 in the vestibular morphogenesis of mouse inner ear'''{{#pmid:19913004\|PMID19913004}} "Our results demonstrate that Lmo4 controls the development of the dorsolateral otocyst into semicircular canals and cristae through two distinct mechanisms: regulating the expression of otic specific genes and stimulating the proliferation of the dorsolateral part of the otocyst."

	* '''Saccular function and motor development in children with hearing impairments'''{{#pmid:20148080\|PMID20148080}} "The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). ...No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC."

	* '''Orbital spaceflight during pregnancy shapes function of mammalian vestibular system.'''{{#pmid:18298265\|PMID18298265}} "Pregnant rats were flown on the NASA Space Shuttle during the early developmental period of their fetuses' vestibular apparatus and onset of vestibular function. ...Taken together, these studies provide evidence that gravity and angular acceleration shape prenatal organization and function within the mammalian vestibular system."
	\|}		\|}

Line 37:		Line 32:
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{Older papers}}		\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''Lmo4 in the vestibular morphogenesis of mouse inner ear'''{{#pmid:19913004\|PMID19913004}} "Our results demonstrate that Lmo4 controls the development of the dorsolateral otocyst into semicircular canals and cristae through two distinct mechanisms: regulating the expression of otic specific genes and stimulating the proliferation of the dorsolateral part of the otocyst."

			* '''Saccular function and motor development in children with hearing impairments'''{{#pmid:20148080\|PMID20148080}} "The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). ...No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC."

			* '''Orbital spaceflight during pregnancy shapes function of mammalian vestibular system.'''{{#pmid:18298265\|PMID18298265}} "Pregnant rats were flown on the NASA Space Shuttle during the early developmental period of their fetuses' vestibular apparatus and onset of vestibular function. ...Taken together, these studies provide evidence that gravity and angular acceleration shape prenatal organization and function within the mammalian vestibular system."
	\|}		\|}
	==Embryonic Inner Ear Labyrinth==		==Embryonic Inner Ear Labyrinth==

Z8600021 at 00:10, 26 July 2019

2019-07-26T00:10:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:10, 26 July 2019
Line 17:		Line 17:
	\|		\|
	* '''Replacing semicircular canal function with a vestibular implant'''{{#pmid:122886037\|PMID122886037}} "To summarize the recent progress in the development of vestibular implants. The review is timely because of the recent advances in the field and because MED-EL has recently announced that they are developing a vestibular implant for clinical applications."		* '''Replacing semicircular canal function with a vestibular implant'''{{#pmid:122886037\|PMID122886037}} "To summarize the recent progress in the development of vestibular implants. The review is timely because of the recent advances in the field and because MED-EL has recently announced that they are developing a vestibular implant for clinical applications."

			* '''Lmo4 in the vestibular morphogenesis of mouse inner ear'''{{#pmid:19913004\|PMID19913004}} "Our results demonstrate that Lmo4 controls the development of the dorsolateral otocyst into semicircular canals and cristae through two distinct mechanisms: regulating the expression of otic specific genes and stimulating the proliferation of the dorsolateral part of the otocyst."

			* '''Saccular function and motor development in children with hearing impairments'''{{#pmid:20148080\|PMID20148080}} "The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). ...No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC."

			* '''Orbital spaceflight during pregnancy shapes function of mammalian vestibular system.'''{{#pmid:18298265\|PMID18298265}} "Pregnant rats were flown on the NASA Space Shuttle during the early developmental period of their fetuses' vestibular apparatus and onset of vestibular function. ...Taken together, these studies provide evidence that gravity and angular acceleration shape prenatal organization and function within the mammalian vestibular system."
	\|}		\|}

Line 24:		Line 30:
	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Embryology~~''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vestibular+labyrinth+Development ''Vestibular labyrinth Development~~''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vestibular+Development ''Vestibular Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=semicircular+canal+development ''semicircular canal development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=saccule+development ''saccule development'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vestibular+Development ''Vestibular Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=semicircular+canal+development ''semicircular canal development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=saccule+development ''saccule development'']

	\|}		\|}
Line 31:		Line 37:
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{Older papers}}		\| {{Older papers}}
	* '''Lmo4 in the vestibular morphogenesis of mouse inner ear'''{{#pmid:19913004\|PMID19913004}} "Our results demonstrate that Lmo4 controls the development of the dorsolateral otocyst into semicircular canals and cristae through two distinct mechanisms: regulating the expression of otic specific genes and stimulating the proliferation of the dorsolateral part of the otocyst."

	* '''Saccular function and motor development in children with hearing impairments'''{{#pmid:20148080\|PMID20148080}} "The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). ...No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC."

	* '''Orbital spaceflight during pregnancy shapes function of mammalian vestibular system.'''{{#pmid:18298265\|PMID18298265}} "Pregnant rats were flown on the NASA Space Shuttle during the early developmental period of their fetuses' vestibular apparatus and onset of vestibular function. ...Taken together, these studies provide evidence that gravity and angular acceleration shape prenatal organization and function within the mammalian vestibular system."
	\|}		\|}
	==Embryonic Inner Ear Labyrinth==		==Embryonic Inner Ear Labyrinth==

Z8600021 at 00:10, 26 July 2019

2019-07-26T00:10:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:10, 26 July 2019
Line 17:		Line 17:
	\|		\|
	* '''Replacing semicircular canal function with a vestibular implant'''{{#pmid:122886037\|PMID122886037}} "To summarize the recent progress in the development of vestibular implants. The review is timely because of the recent advances in the field and because MED-EL has recently announced that they are developing a vestibular implant for clinical applications."		* '''Replacing semicircular canal function with a vestibular implant'''{{#pmid:122886037\|PMID122886037}} "To summarize the recent progress in the development of vestibular implants. The review is timely because of the recent advances in the field and because MED-EL has recently announced that they are developing a vestibular implant for clinical applications."

	* '''Lmo4 in the vestibular morphogenesis of mouse inner ear'''{{#pmid:19913004\|PMID19913004}} "Our results demonstrate that Lmo4 controls the development of the dorsolateral otocyst into semicircular canals and cristae through two distinct mechanisms: regulating the expression of otic specific genes and stimulating the proliferation of the dorsolateral part of the otocyst."

	* '''Saccular function and motor development in children with hearing impairments'''{{#pmid:20148080\|PMID20148080}} "The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). ...No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC."

	* '''Orbital spaceflight during pregnancy shapes function of mammalian vestibular system.'''{{#pmid:18298265\|PMID18298265}} "Pregnant rats were flown on the NASA Space Shuttle during the early developmental period of their fetuses' vestibular apparatus and onset of vestibular function. ...Taken together, these studies provide evidence that gravity and angular acceleration shape prenatal organization and function within the mammalian vestibular system."
	\|}		\|}

Line 30:		Line 24:
	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vestibular+Development ''Vestibular Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=semicircular+canal+development ''semicircular canal development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=saccule+development ''saccule development'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vestibular+labyrinth+Development ''Vestibular labyrinth Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vestibular+Development ''Vestibular Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=semicircular+canal+development ''semicircular canal development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=saccule+development ''saccule development'']

	\|}		\|}
Line 37:		Line 31:
	\|-		\|-
	\| {{Older papers}}		\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''Lmo4 in the vestibular morphogenesis of mouse inner ear'''{{#pmid:19913004\|PMID19913004}} "Our results demonstrate that Lmo4 controls the development of the dorsolateral otocyst into semicircular canals and cristae through two distinct mechanisms: regulating the expression of otic specific genes and stimulating the proliferation of the dorsolateral part of the otocyst."

			* '''Saccular function and motor development in children with hearing impairments'''{{#pmid:20148080\|PMID20148080}} "The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). ...No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC."

			* '''Orbital spaceflight during pregnancy shapes function of mammalian vestibular system.'''{{#pmid:18298265\|PMID18298265}} "Pregnant rats were flown on the NASA Space Shuttle during the early developmental period of their fetuses' vestibular apparatus and onset of vestibular function. ...Taken together, these studies provide evidence that gravity and angular acceleration shape prenatal organization and function within the mammalian vestibular system."
	\|}		\|}
	==Embryonic Inner Ear Labyrinth==		==Embryonic Inner Ear Labyrinth==

Z8600021 at 00:08, 26 July 2019

2019-07-26T00:08:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:08, 26 July 2019
Line 30:		Line 30:
	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Development'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vestibular+Development ''Vestibular Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=semicircular+canal+development ''semicircular canal development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=saccule+development ''saccule development'']

	~~<pubmed limit=5>Balance Development</pubmed>~~
	\|}		\|}
			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! Older papers
			\|-
			\| {{Older papers}}
			\|}
	==Embryonic Inner Ear Labyrinth==		==Embryonic Inner Ear Labyrinth==
	===Week 5===		===Week 5===

Z8600021 at 01:44, 12 March 2018

2018-03-12T01:44:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:44, 12 March 2018
Line 26:		Line 26:

	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
	! More recent papers		! More recent papers
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Development']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Balance+Development ''Balance Development'']

	<pubmed limit=5>Balance Development</pubmed>		<pubmed limit=5>Balance Development</pubmed>

Z8600021 at 01:43, 12 March 2018

2018-03-12T01:43:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:43, 12 March 2018
Line 2:		Line 2:
	[[File:Gray0924.jpg\|300px\|right]]		[[File:Gray0924.jpg\|300px\|right]]
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	The sensory system for balance (or vestibular) arises as part of the inner ear development from the otic placode then otic vesicle. Three flattened pouch of epithelium extend from the otic vesicle from which the final semicircular canals will be fashioned. During early development the epithelia of two apposing wall of the pouch approach each other and form a fusion plate, that clears to form a hole generating the loop of the remaining tissue as semicircular canals. Fusion plate clearing has been suggested to occur due to both apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.~~<ref><pubmed>~~18648181~~</pubmed></ref>~~		The sensory system for balance (or vestibular) arises as part of the inner ear development from the otic placode then otic vesicle. Three flattened pouch of epithelium extend from the otic vesicle from which the final semicircular canals will be fashioned. During early development the epithelia of two apposing wall of the pouch approach each other and form a fusion plate, that clears to form a hole generating the loop of the remaining tissue as semicircular canals. Fusion plate clearing has been suggested to occur due to both apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.{{#pmid:18648181\|PMID18648181}}


Line 8:		Line 8:


	[[File:Vestibular labyrinth cartoon.jpg\|thumb\|Vestibular labyrinth cartoon~~<ref><pubmed>~~19723316~~</pubmed></ref>~~]]		[[File:Vestibular labyrinth cartoon.jpg\|thumb\|Vestibular labyrinth cartoon{{#pmid:19723316\|PMID19723316}}]]


Line 16:		Line 16:
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|
	* '''Replacing semicircular canal function with a vestibular implant'''~~<ref><pubmed>22886037</pubmed></ref>~~ "To summarize the recent progress in the development of vestibular implants. The review is timely because of the recent advances in the field and because MED-EL has recently announced that they are developing a vestibular implant for clinical applications."		* '''Replacing semicircular canal function with a vestibular implant'''{{#pmid:122886037\|PMID122886037}} "To summarize the recent progress in the development of vestibular implants. The review is timely because of the recent advances in the field and because MED-EL has recently announced that they are developing a vestibular implant for clinical applications."
	* '''Lmo4 in the vestibular morphogenesis of mouse inner ear'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~19913004~~</pubmed></ref>~~ "Our results demonstrate that Lmo4 controls the development of the dorsolateral otocyst into semicircular canals and cristae through two distinct mechanisms: regulating the expression of otic specific genes and stimulating the proliferation of the dorsolateral part of the otocyst."
	* '''Saccular function and motor development in children with hearing impairments'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~20148080~~</pubmed></ref>~~ "The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). ...No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC."		* '''Lmo4 in the vestibular morphogenesis of mouse inner ear'''{{#pmid:19913004\|PMID19913004}} "Our results demonstrate that Lmo4 controls the development of the dorsolateral otocyst into semicircular canals and cristae through two distinct mechanisms: regulating the expression of otic specific genes and stimulating the proliferation of the dorsolateral part of the otocyst."
	* '''Orbital spaceflight during pregnancy shapes function of mammalian vestibular system.'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~18298265~~</pubmed></ref>~~ "Pregnant rats were flown on the NASA Space Shuttle during the early developmental period of their fetuses' vestibular apparatus and onset of vestibular function. ...Taken together, these studies provide evidence that gravity and angular acceleration shape prenatal organization and function within the mammalian vestibular system."
			* '''Saccular function and motor development in children with hearing impairments'''{{#pmid:20148080\|PMID20148080}} "The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). ...No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC."

			* '''Orbital spaceflight during pregnancy shapes function of mammalian vestibular system.'''{{#pmid:18298265\|PMID18298265}} "Pregnant rats were flown on the NASA Space Shuttle during the early developmental period of their fetuses' vestibular apparatus and onset of vestibular function. ...Taken together, these studies provide evidence that gravity and angular acceleration shape prenatal organization and function within the mammalian vestibular system."
	\|}		\|}

Line 66:		Line 69:
	==Semicircular Canal Development==		==Semicircular Canal Development==
	[[File:Mouse_-_inner_ear_cartoon.jpg\|thumb\|Mouse - inner ear cartoon]]		[[File:Mouse_-_inner_ear_cartoon.jpg\|thumb\|Mouse - inner ear cartoon]]
	A study using the chicken model suggests that an epithelial to mesenchymal transition occurs during early development of the semicircular canals.~~<ref name="~~PMID18648181~~"><pubmed>18648181</pubmed></ref>~~		A study using the chicken model suggests that an epithelial to mesenchymal transition occurs during early development of the semicircular canals.{{#pmid:18648181\|PMID18648181}}

	:"Semicircular canals are sensory organs for balance, consisting of fluid-filled tubules that are arranged perpendicularly to each other in inner ear. The precise mechanism of the morphogenesis of this unique organ is still under investigation. Semicircular canals arise from the flattened pouch of epithelium. The centers of two apposing wall of the pouch approach each other and form a fusion plate. The clearing of the fusion plate makes a hole and leaves the remaining tissue as semicircular canals. Three mechanisms have been proposed for this clearing: programmed cell death, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and retraction of the cells in the fusion plate to surrounding semicircular canals. Previous studies have revealed programmed cell death in the fusion plate, although other two hypotheses were not disproved. Here we examined the contribution of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and epithelial retraction to the morphogenesis of semicircular canals. We analyzed immunohistochemically the structural change in the epithelium of the developing fusion plate using molecular markers, basal lamina component laminin, cytoskeletal F-actin, and cellular junctional marker beta-catenin. Our observation revealed that fusion plate epithelium lost its apico-basal polarity and intermingled with facing fusion plate cells, associated with the disruption of basal lamina. Moreover, there were several cells with mesenchymal appearance adjacent to the torn basal lamina. We also found the merging of apposing basal laminae at the border between forming canal and breaking fusion plate. These observations suggest that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, rather than the epithelial retraction, may be responsible for clearing fusion plate cells."~~<ref name="~~PMID18648181~~" />~~		:"Semicircular canals are sensory organs for balance, consisting of fluid-filled tubules that are arranged perpendicularly to each other in inner ear. The precise mechanism of the morphogenesis of this unique organ is still under investigation. Semicircular canals arise from the flattened pouch of epithelium. The centers of two apposing wall of the pouch approach each other and form a fusion plate. The clearing of the fusion plate makes a hole and leaves the remaining tissue as semicircular canals. Three mechanisms have been proposed for this clearing: programmed cell death, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and retraction of the cells in the fusion plate to surrounding semicircular canals. Previous studies have revealed programmed cell death in the fusion plate, although other two hypotheses were not disproved. Here we examined the contribution of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and epithelial retraction to the morphogenesis of semicircular canals. We analyzed immunohistochemically the structural change in the epithelium of the developing fusion plate using molecular markers, basal lamina component laminin, cytoskeletal F-actin, and cellular junctional marker beta-catenin. Our observation revealed that fusion plate epithelium lost its apico-basal polarity and intermingled with facing fusion plate cells, associated with the disruption of basal lamina. Moreover, there were several cells with mesenchymal appearance adjacent to the torn basal lamina. We also found the merging of apposing basal laminae at the border between forming canal and breaking fusion plate. These observations suggest that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, rather than the epithelial retraction, may be responsible for clearing fusion plate cells."{{#pmid:18648181\|PMID18648181}}

	== References ==		== References ==
Line 75:		Line 78:

	===Reviews===		===Reviews===
	~~<pubmed>~~20717033~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:20717033}}
	~~<pubmed>~~20637105~~</pubmed>~~
			{{#pmid:20637105}}

	===Articles===		===Articles===
	~~<pubmed>~~20637600~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:20637600}}
	~~<pubmed>~~18603386~~</pubmed>~~
	~~<pubmed>19949828</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:18603386}}

			{{#pmid:19949828}}

	===Search PubMed===		===Search PubMed===

Z8600021 at 02:03, 12 Ocak 2017

2017-01-12T02:03:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:03, 12 Ocak 2017
Line 2:		Line 2:
	[[File:Gray0924.jpg\|300px\|right]]		[[File:Gray0924.jpg\|300px\|right]]
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	The sensory system for balance arises as part of the inner ear development from the otic placode then otic vesicle. Three flattened pouch of epithelium extend from the otic vesicle from which the final semicircular canals will be fashioned. During early development the epithelia of two apposing wall of the pouch approach each other and form a fusion plate, that clears to form a hole generating the loop of the remaining tissue as semicircular canals. Fusion plate clearing has been suggested to occur due to both apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.<ref><pubmed>18648181</pubmed></ref>		The sensory system for balance (or vestibular) arises as part of the inner ear development from the otic placode then otic vesicle. Three flattened pouch of epithelium extend from the otic vesicle from which the final semicircular canals will be fashioned. During early development the epithelia of two apposing wall of the pouch approach each other and form a fusion plate, that clears to form a hole generating the loop of the remaining tissue as semicircular canals. Fusion plate clearing has been suggested to occur due to both apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.<ref><pubmed>18648181</pubmed></ref>

Z8600021 at 09:03, 21 Haziran 2015

2015-06-21T09:03:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:03, 21 Haziran 2015
Line 3:		Line 3:
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	The sensory system for balance arises as part of the inner ear development from the otic placode then otic vesicle. Three flattened pouch of epithelium extend from the otic vesicle from which the final semicircular canals will be fashioned. During early development the epithelia of two apposing wall of the pouch approach each other and form a fusion plate, that clears to form a hole generating the loop of the remaining tissue as semicircular canals. Fusion plate clearing has been suggested to occur due to both apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.<ref><pubmed>18648181</pubmed></ref>		The sensory system for balance arises as part of the inner ear development from the otic placode then otic vesicle. Three flattened pouch of epithelium extend from the otic vesicle from which the final semicircular canals will be fashioned. During early development the epithelia of two apposing wall of the pouch approach each other and form a fusion plate, that clears to form a hole generating the loop of the remaining tissue as semicircular canals. Fusion plate clearing has been suggested to occur due to both apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.<ref><pubmed>18648181</pubmed></ref>


	The adult semicircular canals are fluid-filled tubules that are arranged perpendicularly to each other in inner ear and remain connected to the cochlea. This tubular arrangement and connection allows fluid movement and detection of head movement in all 3 planes.		The adult semicircular canals are fluid-filled tubules that are arranged perpendicularly to each other in inner ear and remain connected to the cochlea. This tubular arrangement and connection allows fluid movement and detection of head movement in all 3 planes.


	[[File:Vestibular labyrinth cartoon.jpg\|thumb\|Vestibular labyrinth cartoon<ref><pubmed>19723316</pubmed></ref>]]		[[File:Vestibular labyrinth cartoon.jpg\|thumb\|Vestibular labyrinth cartoon<ref><pubmed>19723316</pubmed></ref>]]

Z8600021 at 09:02, 21 Haziran 2015

2015-06-21T09:02:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:02, 21 Haziran 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Header}}
	[[File:Gray0924.jpg\|300px\|right]]		[[File:Gray0924.jpg\|300px\|right]]
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
Line 91:		Line 92:

	* Neuroscience [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=neurosci.section.894 Neuroscience - The Inner Ear]		* Neuroscience [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=neurosci.section.894 Neuroscience - The Inner Ear]