Rat Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 00:06, 16 April 2019

2019-04-16T00:06:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:06, 16 April 2019
Line 101:		Line 101:

	{{#pmid:17151068}}		{{#pmid:17151068}}

			{{#pmid:21015605}}
	===Search PubMed===		===Search PubMed===

Z8600021 at 04:04, 23 Ocak 2019

2019-01-23T04:04:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 23 Ocak 2019
Line 71:		Line 71:

	Adrenal and gonad steroidogenic factor 1 expression{{#pmid:14594453\|PMID14594453}}		Adrenal and gonad steroidogenic factor 1 expression{{#pmid:14594453\|PMID14594453}}

			==Animal Model Differences==
			The rat is a common model of human development with some developmental and anatomical differences.

			* {{liver}} lobation with obvious connective tissue septa, less connective tissue in human liver.{{#pmid:29842921\|PMID29842921}}
			* {{gallbladder}} absent in rats.{{#pmid:29842921\|PMID29842921}}
			* increased role of hepatic artery in lobular perfusion in humans.{{#pmid:29842921\|PMID29842921}}


	==References==		==References==

Z8600021 at 21:54, 20 Ocak 2019

2019-01-20T21:54:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:54, 21 Ocak 2019
Line 7:		Line 7:
	Rat embryos do have the advantage of being much larger than mouse embryos and easy to breed. Another advantage of rats is in vision development studies, as that retinal development continues postnatally (most vertebrate neurological systems are difficult to access during periods of development). Rat development is also generally 1 day behind that of mouse. (The table below gives details relating to the staging of rat development).		Rat embryos do have the advantage of being much larger than mouse embryos and easy to breed. Another advantage of rats is in vision development studies, as that retinal development continues postnatally (most vertebrate neurological systems are difficult to access during periods of development). Rat development is also generally 1 day behind that of mouse. (The table below gives details relating to the staging of rat development).

	Huber in 1915 first described the early development of the albino rat (''Mus Norvegicus Albinus'') from pronuclear stage to day 9.<ref name=Huber1915>{{Ref-Huber1915}}</ref>		Huber in 1915 first described the early development of the albino rat (''Mus Norvegicus Albinus'') within the uterus from pronuclear stage to day 9.<ref name=Huber1915>{{Ref-Huber1915}}</ref>
	<br>		<br><br>
	{{Rat links}}		{{Rat links}}
	==Some Recent Findings==		==Some Recent Findings==

Z8600021 at 21:53, 20 Ocak 2019

2019-01-20T21:53:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:53, 21 Ocak 2019
Line 5:		Line 5:


	Rat embryos do have the advantage of being much larger than mouse embryos and easy to breed. Another advantage of rats is in vision development studies, as that retinal development continues postnatally (most vertebrate neurological systems are difficult to access during periods of development). Rat development is also generally 1 day behind that of mouse. (The table below gives details relating to the staging of rat development)~~. Below this are a list of internet resources relating to the rat~~.		Rat embryos do have the advantage of being much larger than mouse embryos and easy to breed. Another advantage of rats is in vision development studies, as that retinal development continues postnatally (most vertebrate neurological systems are difficult to access during periods of development). Rat development is also generally 1 day behind that of mouse. (The table below gives details relating to the staging of rat development).

			Huber in 1915 first described the early development of the albino rat (''Mus Norvegicus Albinus'') from pronuclear stage to day 9.<ref name=Huber1915>{{Ref-Huber1915}}</ref>
	<br>		<br>
	{{Rat links}}		{{Rat links}}

Z8600021 at 21:38, 20 Ocak 2019

2019-01-20T21:38:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:38, 21 Ocak 2019
Line 76:		Line 76:

	===Reviews===		===Reviews===
			{{#pmid:3058433}}

	===Articles===		===Articles===
			{{#pmid:26850552}}

			{{#pmid:25393314}}

			{{#pmid:25820562}}

	{{#pmid:20224168}}		{{#pmid:20224168}}

Z8600021 at 21:35, 20 Ocak 2019

2019-01-20T21:35:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:35, 21 Ocak 2019
Line 23:		Line 23:
	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Rat+Embryology ''Rat Embryology''] \|[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Rat+Development ''Rat Development'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Rat+Embryology ''Rat Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Rat+Development ''Rat Development'']

	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 21:34, 20 Ocak 2019

2019-01-20T21:34:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:34, 21 Ocak 2019
Line 85:		Line 85:
	{{#pmid:20052412}}		{{#pmid:20052412}}

			{{#pmid:17151068}}
	===Search PubMed===		===Search PubMed===

Line 107:		Line 108:
	{{Historic Disclaimer}}		{{Historic Disclaimer}}

			{{Ref-Bailey1921}}
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Bailey006.jpg\|Bailey Fig. 6. Schematic outline of spermatogenesis in the rat		File:Bailey006.jpg\|Bailey Fig. 6. Schematic outline of spermatogenesis in the rat
Line 117:		Line 119:
	</gallery>		</gallery>

			==External Links==
			{{External Links}}

	:'''~~Links:~~''' [~~[Book_-_Text-Book_of_Embryology_(1921)\|Bailey, F.R. and Miller, A~~.M. ~~(1921)]~~]		* '''Rat Genome Database''' [http://rgd.mcw.edu RGD] {{#pmid:17151068}}

	~~==External Links==~~
	~~{{External Links}}~~

	* '''Rat Genome Database''' [http://rgd.mcw.edu RGD] <pubmed>17151068</pubmed>

	{{Animals}}		{{Animals}}


	{{Glossary}}		{{Glossary}}


	{{Footer}}		{{Footer}}

	[[Category:Rat]]		[[Category:Rat]]

Z8600021 at 21:32, 20 Ocak 2019

2019-01-20T21:32:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:32, 21 Ocak 2019
Line 13:		Line 13:
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|
			* '''Ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal development in the rat'''{{#pmid:30388467\|PMID30388467}} "The study objectives were to measure gestational sac (GS) diameter and crown-to-rump (CR) length in conscious pregnant rats and to determine the chronological ultrasonographic appearance of heart beat and fetal organogenesis. The study formed part of a unilateral surgical salpingectomy trial with 16 female Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus). Ten rats were operated on while the other six served as controls. After surgery all were mated at 8-10 weeks of age. Gestational length was taken as 22 days. Rats were manually restrained for abdominal ultrasonography and were scanned daily from day 7 until day 19 or 20 post-mating followed by immediate euthanasia. Mean GS diameters ranged from 2.9  mm (day 7) to 18 1 mm (day 20). A string of pearls was seen on days 8-11. The CR length ranged from 1.6  mm (day 11) to 26. 4 mm (day 20). A heart beat was first seen on day 11 and the echogenic vertebral column at day 14-15. From day 16, ribs, feet and the isoechoic lungs and liver were seen. The lungs became hyperechoic to the liver from day 18-19. The tail and mandible were visible on day 18 and the aorta and caudal vena cava were seen on day 19, as well as an occasional bladder." {{ultrasound}}

	* '''Cross-Species Genome Wide Expression Analysis during Pluripotent Cell Determination in Mouse and Rat Preimplantation Embryos'''{{#pmid:23077551\|PMID23077551}} "The transition between morula and blastocyst stage during preimplantation development represents the first differentiation event of embryogenesis. Morula cells undergo the first cellular specialization and produce two well-defined populations of cells, the trophoblast and the inner cell mass (ICM). ... This is the first study investigating the gene expression changes during the transition from morula to blastocyst in the rat preimplantation development. Our data show that in the pluripotent pool of cells of the rat and mouse preimplantation embryo substantial differential regulation of genes is present, which might explain the difficulties observed for the derivation and culture of rat ESCs using mouse conditions."		* '''Cross-Species Genome Wide Expression Analysis during Pluripotent Cell Determination in Mouse and Rat Preimplantation Embryos'''{{#pmid:23077551\|PMID23077551}} "The transition between morula and blastocyst stage during preimplantation development represents the first differentiation event of embryogenesis. Morula cells undergo the first cellular specialization and produce two well-defined populations of cells, the trophoblast and the inner cell mass (ICM). ... This is the first study investigating the gene expression changes during the transition from morula to blastocyst in the rat preimplantation development. Our data show that in the pluripotent pool of cells of the rat and mouse preimplantation embryo substantial differential regulation of genes is present, which might explain the difficulties observed for the derivation and culture of rat ESCs using mouse conditions."

	* '''Generation of germline-competent rat induced pluripotent stem cells'''{{#pmid:21789202\|PMID21789202}} "Our data clearly demonstrate that using only three reprogramming factors (Oct3/4, Klf4, and Sox2) rat somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a ground state. Our generated riPSCs exhibited germline transmission in either rat-rat intraspecific or mouse-rat interspecific chimeras."

	* '''Comparison of staging systems for the gastrulation and early neurulation period in rodents'''{{#pmid:1440421\|PMID1440421}}"Because there is no standard developmental staging system for the early postimplantation period of rodent embryos, investigators must now choose between a variety of systems that differ significantly. We have reviewed many of these staging systems and have summarized the ambiguities within them and the inconsistencies among them. In order to compare systems, we first obtained a consensus of the order of developmental events from the literature, and then attempted to fit existing systems into this order taking into account inconsistencies in terminology and blurred borderlines between stages."
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
	! More recent papers		! More recent papers
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Rat+Embryology ''Rat Embryology'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Rat+Embryology ''Rat Embryology''] \|[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Rat+Development ''Rat Development'']

	~~<pubmed limit~~=~~5>Rat Embryology<~~/~~pubmed>~~		\|}
			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! Older papers
			\|-
			\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''Generation of germline-competent rat induced pluripotent stem cells'''{{#pmid:21789202\|PMID21789202}} "Our data clearly demonstrate that using only three reprogramming factors (Oct3/4, Klf4, and Sox2) rat somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a ground state. Our generated riPSCs exhibited germline transmission in either rat-rat intraspecific or mouse-rat interspecific chimeras."

			* '''Comparison of staging systems for the gastrulation and early neurulation period in rodents'''{{#pmid:1440421\|PMID1440421}}"Because there is no standard developmental staging system for the early postimplantation period of rodent embryos, investigators must now choose between a variety of systems that differ significantly. We have reviewed many of these staging systems and have summarized the ambiguities within them and the inconsistencies among them. In order to compare systems, we first obtained a consensus of the order of developmental events from the literature, and then attempted to fit existing systems into this order taking into account inconsistencies in terminology and blurred borderlines between stages."
	\|}		\|}

Line 98:		Line 104:
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==Historic Images==		===Historic Images===
			{{Historic Disclaimer}}

	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:Bailey006.jpg\|Bailey Fig. 6. Schematic outline of spermatogenesis in the rat		File:Bailey006.jpg\|Bailey Fig. 6. Schematic outline of spermatogenesis in the rat

Z8600021 at 00:21, 30 October 2018

2018-10-30T00:21:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:21, 30 October 2018
Line 51:		Line 51:

	:'''Links:''' [[Rat Timeline]]		:'''Links:''' [[Rat Timeline]]

			==Somite Development==

			{{LandacreAmstutz1929 table3}}

	==Placenta Development==		==Placenta Development==

Z8600021 at 04:14, 4 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-04T04:14:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:14, 4 Mayıs 2018
Line 2:		Line 2:
	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
	[[File:Rat.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Rat.jpg\|thumb]]
	~~Rats~~ (taxon - ''rattus'') ~~are~~ readily available as inbred, outbred and mutant strains. They have been generally beaten as a model by their rodent mice brethren, as the molecular tools that became available (stem cells, knockout genes, etc).		The {{rat}} (taxon - ''rattus'') is readily available as inbred, outbred and mutant strains. They have been generally beaten as a model by their rodent mice brethren, as the molecular tools that became available (stem cells, knockout genes, etc).