Postnatal - Growth Charts - Revision history

Z8600021 at 01:11, 19 August 2020

2020-08-19T01:11:40Z

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	* '''Growth ~~charts compared.~~'''{{#pmid:~~20139683~~\|~~PMID20139683~~}} "~~Most~~ growth ~~references are single~~-~~country references~~, ~~exemplified here by charts from~~ the UK, the ~~Netherlands~~ and the ~~USA~~. ~~By contrast,~~ the ~~Euro-~~Growth ~~reference~~ and the ~~WHO standard are based on multinational samples~~. ~~Comparison of these five~~ charts ~~reveals surprisingly large differences that~~ are for the ~~most part unexplained~~. ~~Differences between the WHO charts and other charts are only partially explained by~~ the use of a ~~prescriptive approach~~ and by the ~~data truncation employed~~. ~~The large differences between~~ charts ~~probably are~~ of ~~merely trivial consequence when charts are used in monitoring individual children~~. ~~When~~ charts ~~are used in health assessment~~ of ~~groups of children, the impact~~ of ~~the differences, however, is substantial~~."		* '''Growth Parameters of under 2-year-old Indian Children: A Comparison to WHO MGRS 2006 Charts'''{{#pmid:32699786\|PMID32699786}} "A total of 1947 children [1089 boys (55.9%)] were measured for weight, length and head circumference. Z score for each observed value was calculated according the similar but gender-specific WHO MGRS 2006 growth charts. Statistical analysis used: The age- and sex-specific Z-scores or standard deviation scores along with prevalence were obtained for each study parameter using WHO standards. Results: A total of 24.08%, 21.31%, and 20.54% of the children were classified as underweight, stunted and microcephalic respectively when compared to the WHO MGRS 2006 growth charts. Conclusion: The WHO MGRS 2006 charts may not be appropriate for growth monitoring of Indian children below 2 years of age and there is a need formulate growth charts which can reflect the growth of Indian children."

			* '''Counting the Weighs: Growth Velocity Tables for Preterm Infants'''{{#pmid:32662526\|PMID32662526}} "Consistent methods are needed to calculate and report postnatal growth of the preterm infant. Growth charts are valuable resources to visually monitor growth trends over time. This article includes growth velocity tables, with numerical data, intended to complement existing resources and provide clinicians with a quantitative method to assess and report weekly changes in growth. Tables were constructed using the 50th percentile dataset for the Fenton 2013 Growth Charts to estimate fetal growth rates. This dataset is based on preterm infant birth measures rather than postnatal growth; therefore, the intended use of these resources is to promote a consistent method for reporting how a preterm infant is growing. Consistent methods to calculate and report current growth can contribute more reliable data for research and further insight to postnatal growth associated with the best possible health outcomes for future preterm infants."

			* '''Mowat-Wilson syndrome: growth charts'''{{#pmid:32539836\|PMID32539836}} (MWS; OMIM #235730) is a genetic condition caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions of the ZEB2 gene characterized by moderate-severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, Hirschsprung disease and multiple organ malformations (congenital heart defects and urogenital anomalies). Growth charts for males and females aged from 0 to 16 years have been generated using a total of 2865 measurements from 99 MWS patients of different ancestries."

	* '''Using the new UK-WHO growth charts.'''{{#pmid:20231247\|PMID20231247}} "The new UK growth charts for children aged 0-4 years (designed using data from the new WHO standards) describe the optimal pattern of growth for all children, rather than the prevailing pattern in the UK (as with previous charts). The new charts are suitable for all ethnic groups and set breast feeding as the norm. UK children match the new charts well for length and height, but after age 6 months fewer children will be below the 2nd centile for weight or show weight faltering, and more will be above the 98th centile. The new charts look different: they have a separate preterm section, no lines between 0 and 2 weeks, and the 50th percentile is no longer emphasised. The charts give clear instructions on gestational correction, and there is a new chart for infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation. The instructions advise on when and how to measure and when a measurement or growth pattern is outside the normal range. The charts include a "look-up" tool for determining the body mass index centile from height and weight centiles without calculation and aid for predicting adult height."

	* '''Comparative use of WHO standards and French national reference curves'''{{#pmid:20488685\|PMID20488685}} "The WHO curves published in 2006 reflect the exact growth of infants who are exclusively breast-fed for at least 4 months. These curves are universal but not widely used in France."

	* '''WHO Child Growth Standards''': Methods and development [http://www.who.int/childgrowth/publications/technical_report_velocity/en/index.html Growth velocity based on weight, length and head circumference] Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.		* '''WHO Child Growth Standards''': Methods and development [http://www.who.int/childgrowth/publications/technical_report_velocity/en/index.html Growth velocity based on weight, length and head circumference] Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.
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			* '''Using the new UK-WHO growth charts.'''{{#pmid:20231247\|PMID20231247}} "The new UK growth charts for children aged 0-4 years (designed using data from the new WHO standards) describe the optimal pattern of growth for all children, rather than the prevailing pattern in the UK (as with previous charts). The new charts are suitable for all ethnic groups and set breast feeding as the norm. UK children match the new charts well for length and height, but after age 6 months fewer children will be below the 2nd centile for weight or show weight faltering, and more will be above the 98th centile. The new charts look different: they have a separate preterm section, no lines between 0 and 2 weeks, and the 50th percentile is no longer emphasised. The charts give clear instructions on gestational correction, and there is a new chart for infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation. The instructions advise on when and how to measure and when a measurement or growth pattern is outside the normal range. The charts include a "look-up" tool for determining the body mass index centile from height and weight centiles without calculation and aid for predicting adult height."

			* '''Comparative use of WHO standards and French national reference curves'''{{#pmid:20488685\|PMID20488685}} "The WHO curves published in 2006 reflect the exact growth of infants who are exclusively breast-fed for at least 4 months. These curves are universal but not widely used in France."

			* '''Growth charts compared.'''{{#pmid:20139683\|PMID20139683}} "Most growth references are single-country references, exemplified here by charts from the UK, the Netherlands and the USA. By contrast, the Euro-Growth reference and the WHO standard are based on multinational samples. Comparison of these five charts reveals surprisingly large differences that are for the most part unexplained. Differences between the WHO charts and other charts are only partially explained by the use of a prescriptive approach and by the data truncation employed. The large differences between charts probably are of merely trivial consequence when charts are used in monitoring individual children. When charts are used in health assessment of groups of children, the impact of the differences, however, is substantial."

	* '''New intrauterine growth curves based on United States data'''{{#pmid:20100760\|PMID20100760}} "The Lubchenco curves may not represent the current US population. The new intrauterine growth curves created and validated in this study, based on a contemporary, large, racially diverse US sample, provide clinicians with an updated tool for growth assessment in US NICUs. Research into the ability of the new definitions of small-for-gestational-age and large-for-gestational-age to identify high-risk infants in terms of short-term and long-term health outcomes is needed."		* '''New intrauterine growth curves based on United States data'''{{#pmid:20100760\|PMID20100760}} "The Lubchenco curves may not represent the current US population. The new intrauterine growth curves created and validated in this study, based on a contemporary, large, racially diverse US sample, provide clinicians with an updated tool for growth assessment in US NICUs. Research into the ability of the new definitions of small-for-gestational-age and large-for-gestational-age to identify high-risk infants in terms of short-term and long-term health outcomes is needed."

Z8600021 at 01:06, 19 August 2020

2020-08-19T01:06:37Z

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	===Articles===		===Articles===
			{{#pmid:32699786}}

			{{#pmid:32662526}}

			{{#pmid:29422203}}

			{{#pmid:29419902}}

	{{#pmid:26475015}}		{{#pmid:26475015}}

Z8600021 at 01:04, 19 August 2020

2020-08-19T01:04:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 19 August 2020
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	==UK-WHO Growth Charts==		==UK-WHO Growth Charts==

	These UK growth charts are based upon the WHO charts, an associated paper describes "How to Use".~~<ref><pubmed>~~20231247~~</pubmed></ref>~~		These UK growth charts are based upon the WHO charts, an associated paper describes "How to Use".{{#pmid:20231247\|PMID20231247}}

	The charts include a useful calculator of adult height from a child's current height, that can also be used for normal growth estimates.~~<ref><pubmed>~~21767107~~</pubmed></ref>~~		The charts include a useful calculator of adult height from a child's current height, that can also be used for normal growth estimates.{{#pmid:21767107\|PMID21767107}}

	:'''UK WHO Growth Charts:''' [[:File:UK_Growth_Chart-A4_Boys_UKWHO_0-4.pdf\|0-4 Years - Boys]] \| [[:File:UK_Growth_Chart-A4_Girls_UKWHO_0-4.pdf\|0-4 Years - Girls]] \| [[:File:UK Growth Chart-A4 Boys NICM.pdf\|NICM Boys]] \| [[:File:UK_Growth_Chart-A4_Girls_NICM.pdf\|NICM Girls]]		:'''UK WHO Growth Charts:''' [[:File:UK_Growth_Chart-A4_Boys_UKWHO_0-4.pdf\|0-4 Years - Boys]] \| [[:File:UK_Growth_Chart-A4_Girls_UKWHO_0-4.pdf\|0-4 Years - Girls]] \| [[:File:UK Growth Chart-A4 Boys NICM.pdf\|NICM Boys]] \| [[:File:UK_Growth_Chart-A4_Girls_NICM.pdf\|NICM Girls]]
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	== Chinese Growth Charts ==		== Chinese Growth Charts ==
	Historic data is also available for ethnic Chinese girls and boys in Hong Kong from the early 1960s.~~<ref><pubmed>14185528</pubmed></ref>~~ Environmental and nutritional factors may have altered these values over the last 40 years and more recent 2009 data is now available for height and weight~~<ref name="~~PMID19951507~~"><pubmed>19951507</pubmed></ref>~~ and body mass index.<ref><pubmed>19951508</pubmed></ref>		Historic data is also available for ethnic Chinese girls and boys in Hong Kong from the early 1960s.{{#pmid:114185528\|PMID14185528}} Environmental and nutritional factors may have altered these values over the last 40 years and more recent 2009 data is now available for height and weight{{#pmid:19951507\|PMID19951507}} and body mass index.<ref><pubmed>19951508</pubmed></ref>

	:"Comparison with the new WHO growth charts and 2000 CDC growth charts for the United States, the results showed that there was some big difference in weight and height among the three growth charts. For boys under 15 years of age and girls under 13 years of age, the China curves are slightly higher than WHO and CDC curves, but after those ages, the China curves fall behind and the difference became larger as age progresses. At the age of 18 years, the Chinese children are 3.5 cm shorter in boys and 2.5 cm shorter in girls as compared with the U. S. children. The difference in weights are very large for the school children, especially in girls. The weight of Chinese boys was 5.9 kg less than that of the U. S. boys at 18 years, and the difference was much bigger in girls, the weight of U.S. girls between 8 to 18 years was 4.1-20.5 kg more than that of Chinese girls at the same age range."<ref name = "PMID19951507" />		:"Comparison with the new WHO growth charts and 2000 CDC growth charts for the United States, the results showed that there was some big difference in weight and height among the three growth charts. For boys under 15 years of age and girls under 13 years of age, the China curves are slightly higher than WHO and CDC curves, but after those ages, the China curves fall behind and the difference became larger as age progresses. At the age of 18 years, the Chinese children are 3.5 cm shorter in boys and 2.5 cm shorter in girls as compared with the U. S. children. The difference in weights are very large for the school children, especially in girls. The weight of Chinese boys was 5.9 kg less than that of the U. S. boys at 18 years, and the difference was much bigger in girls, the weight of U.S. girls between 8 to 18 years was 4.1-20.5 kg more than that of Chinese girls at the same age range."<ref name = "PMID19951507" />
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	[[File:Preterm fetal-infant growth chart.jpg\|400px]]		[[File:Preterm fetal-infant growth chart.jpg\|400px]]

	Fetal-infant growth chart for preterm infants.~~<ref name="PMID14678563"><pubmed>~~14678563~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/3/13 BMC Pediatr.]</ref>~~ Improved 2003 version of the Babson and Benda graph based upon literature review and intrauterine data.		Fetal-infant growth chart for preterm infants.{{#pmid:14678563\|PMID214678563}} Improved 2003 version of the Babson and Benda graph based upon literature review and intrauterine data.


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	===Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)===		===Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)===
	This paper describes an approach for generating subpopulation-specific growth charts meeting requirements for implementation into Electronic health record (EHR) systems, using as an example weights for children with Down syndrome. Gender-specific growth curves were generated from 2358 weight values obtained from 331 patients with Down syndrome from July 2001 until March 2005. The project generated printable curves and computable data tables formatted according to growth chart standards set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to facilitate implementation into EHR systems.~~<ref>Rosenbloom ST, McGregor TL, Chen Q, An AQ, Hsu S, Dupont WD. '''Specialized Pediatric Growth Charts For Electronic Health Record Systems~~: ~~the example of Down syndrome.''' AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2010 Nov 13;2010:687-91. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/~~21347066 ~~PMID: 21347066]~~ \| ~~[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3041286 PMC3041286]</ref>~~		This paper describes an approach for generating subpopulation-specific growth charts meeting requirements for implementation into Electronic health record (EHR) systems, using as an example weights for children with Down syndrome. Gender-specific growth curves were generated from 2358 weight values obtained from 331 patients with Down syndrome from July 2001 until March 2005. The project generated printable curves and computable data tables formatted according to growth chart standards set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to facilitate implementation into EHR systems.{{#pmid:21347066\|PMID21347066}}

	{\|		{\|
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	Chromosome 15		Chromosome 15
	\| Standardized growth curves for weight, length, head circumference, weight/length, and BMI for non-growth hormone-treated white infants (108 boys and 78 girls) with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) between 0 and 36 months of age. Five separate standardized growth curves (weight, length, head circumference, weight/length, and BMI) representing 7 percentile ranges were developed from 186 non-growth hormone-treated white male and female infants with PWS aged 0 to 36 months, and the normative 50th percentile was plotted on each standardized infant growth curve.<ref>Butler MG, Sturich J, Lee J, Myers SE, Whitman BY, Gold JA, Kimonis V, Scheimann A, Terrazas N, Driscoll DJ. '''Growth standards of infants with Prader-Willi syndrome''' Pediatrics. 2011 Apr;127(4):687-95. Epub 2011 Mar 14. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21402637 PMID: 21402637] \| ~~[http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/127/4/687.long Pediatrics]</ref>~~		\| Standardized growth curves for weight, length, head circumference, weight/length, and BMI for non-growth hormone-treated white infants (108 boys and 78 girls) with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) between 0 and 36 months of age. Five separate standardized growth curves (weight, length, head circumference, weight/length, and BMI) representing 7 percentile ranges were developed from 186 non-growth hormone-treated white male and female infants with PWS aged 0 to 36 months, and the normative 50th percentile was plotted on each standardized infant growth curve.{{#pmid:21402637\|PMID21402637}}
	\|}		\|}

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	===Williams Syndrome===		===Williams Syndrome===

	The following data is from a paper producing a growth reference for British children with Williams syndrome.~~<ref><pubmed>~~17301110~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2083767 PMC2083767]</ref>~~		The following data is from a paper producing a growth reference for British children with Williams syndrome.{{#pmid:17301110\|PMID17301110}}

	'''Female''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2083767/figure/fig1 Height chart] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2083767/figure/fig2 Weight chart] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2083767/figure/fig3 Head circumference chart]		'''Female''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2083767/figure/fig1 Height chart] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2083767/figure/fig2 Weight chart] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2083767/figure/fig3 Head circumference chart]
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	<references/>		<references/>
	===Reviews===		===Reviews===
	~~<pubmed>~~21119695~~</pubmed>\| [http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v65/n1/full/ejcn2010257a.html Eur J Clin Nutr.]~~		{{#pmid:21119695}}

	~~<pubmed>~~20854664~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:20854664}}
	~~<pubmed>~~20610589~~</pubmed>~~
			{{#pmid:20610589}}

	===Articles===		===Articles===
			{{#pmid:26475015}}

			{{#pmid:16151792}}

			{{#pmid:12837903}}

	~~<pubmed>16151792</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:10429008}}
	~~<pubmed>12837903</pubmed>~~
	~~<pubmed>~~10429008~~</pubmed>~~

	PMID 21286295 \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2865939 PMC2865939]		PMID 21286295 \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2865939 PMC2865939]

Z8600021 at 00:58, 19 August 2020

2020-08-19T00:58:35Z

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	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Postnatal+Growth+Charts ''Postnatal Growth Charts''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Growth+Charts ''Growth Charts''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Child+Growth+Standards Child Growth Standards]		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Postnatal+Growth+Charts ''Postnatal Growth Charts''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Growth+Charts ''Growth Charts''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Child+Growth+Standards ''Child Growth Standards'']
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	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
	[[File:WHO-XY length birth to 2 years.png\|thumb\|Length for age boys (birth to 2 years)]]		[[File:WHO-XY length birth to 2 years.png\|thumb\|Length for age boys (birth to 2 years)]]
	Part of the normal ongoing monitoring of the newborn infant development {{growth charts}} is the simple measurement of weight, length, height and simple motor skills compared to large data sets of clinically normal infants. The original standards differed between countries and the time when the control data was collected (some based on data from 1970s or earlier). This has recently changed with the release of WHO international child growth standards using entirely new data sets.		Part of the normal ongoing monitoring of the newborn infant development {{growth charts}} is the simple measurement of weight, length, head circumference, height and simple motor skills compared to large data sets of clinically normal infants. The original standards differed between countries and the time when the control data was collected (some based on data from 1970s or earlier). This has recently changed with the release of WHO international child growth standards using entirely new data sets.
	New international WHO Child Growth Standards (2006){{#pmid:16817681\|PMID16817681}} for infants and young children released (27 Apr) by the World Health Organization (WHO) provide evidence and guidance for the first time about how every child in the world should grow.		New international WHO Child Growth Standards (2006){{#pmid:16817681\|PMID16817681}} for infants and young children released (27 Apr) by the World Health Organization (WHO) provide evidence and guidance for the first time about how every child in the world should grow.

Z8600021 at 00:57, 19 August 2020

2020-08-19T00:57:18Z

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	:{{~~Template:~~Postnatal Links}} ~~\| [http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Child/page3.htm original page]~~		{{Postnatal Links}}

	==Some Recent Findings==		==Some Recent Findings==
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	* '''Comparative use of WHO standards and French national reference curves'''{{#pmid:20488685\|PMID20488685}} "The WHO curves published in 2006 reflect the exact growth of infants who are exclusively breast-fed for at least 4 months. These curves are universal but not widely used in France."		* '''Comparative use of WHO standards and French national reference curves'''{{#pmid:20488685\|PMID20488685}} "The WHO curves published in 2006 reflect the exact growth of infants who are exclusively breast-fed for at least 4 months. These curves are universal but not widely used in France."

	* '''New intrauterine growth curves based on United States data'''{{#pmid:20100760\|PMID20100760}} "The Lubchenco curves may not represent the current US population. The new intrauterine growth curves created and validated in this study, based on a contemporary, large, racially diverse US sample, provide clinicians with an updated tool for growth assessment in US NICUs. Research into the ability of the new definitions of small-for-gestational-age and large-for-gestational-age to identify high-risk infants in terms of short-term and long-term health outcomes is needed."		* '''WHO Child Growth Standards''': Methods and development [http://www.who.int/childgrowth/publications/technical_report_velocity/en/index.html Growth velocity based on weight, length and head circumference] Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.

	* WHO Child Growth Standards: Methods and development [http://www.who.int/childgrowth/publications/technical_report_velocity/en/index.html Growth velocity based on weight, length and head circumference] Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.
	\|}		\|}
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	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Postnatal+Growth+Charts ''Postnatal Growth Charts''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Growth+Charts ''Growth Charts'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Postnatal+Growth+Charts ''Postnatal Growth Charts''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Growth+Charts ''Growth Charts''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Child+Growth+Standards Child Growth Standards]
	\|}		\|}
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	\| {{Older papers}}		\| {{Older papers}}

			* '''New intrauterine growth curves based on United States data'''{{#pmid:20100760\|PMID20100760}} "The Lubchenco curves may not represent the current US population. The new intrauterine growth curves created and validated in this study, based on a contemporary, large, racially diverse US sample, provide clinicians with an updated tool for growth assessment in US NICUs. Research into the ability of the new definitions of small-for-gestational-age and large-for-gestational-age to identify high-risk infants in terms of short-term and long-term health outcomes is needed."

	* '''Growth of Belgian and Norwegian children compared to the WHO growth standards'''{{#pmid:19948662\|PMID19948662}} "Generally, the number of Belgian and Norwegian children below -2 SD lines of the WHO standards was lower and >2 SD higher than expected. The largest differences were for head circumference (0.97% Belgian and 0.18% Norwegian children below -2 SD, 6.55% Belgian and 6.40% Norwegian children >2 SD) and the smallest for length/height (1.25% Belgian and 1.43% Norwegian children below -2 SD, 3.47% Belgian and 2.81% Norwegian children >2 SD). The growth pattern of breastfed children of non-smoking mothers was in both countries more alike the local national growth references than the WHO standards."		* '''Growth of Belgian and Norwegian children compared to the WHO growth standards'''{{#pmid:19948662\|PMID19948662}} "Generally, the number of Belgian and Norwegian children below -2 SD lines of the WHO standards was lower and >2 SD higher than expected. The largest differences were for head circumference (0.97% Belgian and 0.18% Norwegian children below -2 SD, 6.55% Belgian and 6.40% Norwegian children >2 SD) and the smallest for length/height (1.25% Belgian and 1.43% Norwegian children below -2 SD, 3.47% Belgian and 2.81% Norwegian children >2 SD). The growth pattern of breastfed children of non-smoking mothers was in both countries more alike the local national growth references than the WHO standards."

Z8600021 at 00:54, 19 August 2020

2020-08-19T00:54:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:54, 19 August 2020
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	[[File:WHO-XY length birth to 2 years.png\|thumb\|Length for age boys (birth to 2 years)]]		[[File:WHO-XY length birth to 2 years.png\|thumb\|Length for age boys (birth to 2 years)]]
	Part of the normal ongoing monitoring of the newborn infant development {{growth charts}} is the simple measurement of weight, length, height and simple motor skills compared to large data sets of clinically normal infants. The original standards differed between countries and the time when the control data was collected (some based on data from 1970s or earlier). This has recently changed with the release of WHO international child growth standards using entirely new data sets.		Part of the normal ongoing monitoring of the newborn infant development {{growth charts}} is the simple measurement of weight, length, height and simple motor skills compared to large data sets of clinically normal infants. The original standards differed between countries and the time when the control data was collected (some based on data from 1970s or earlier). This has recently changed with the release of WHO international child growth standards using entirely new data sets.
	New international WHO Child Growth Standards (2006)~~<ref name= "~~PMID16817681~~"><pubmed>16817681</pubmed></ref>~~ for infants and young children released (27 Apr) by the World Health Organization (WHO) provide evidence and guidance for the first time about how every child in the world should grow.		New international WHO Child Growth Standards (2006){{#pmid:16817681\|PMID16817681}} for infants and young children released (27 Apr) by the World Health Organization (WHO) provide evidence and guidance for the first time about how every child in the world should grow.

	:"''The new standards prove that differences in children's growth to age five are more influenced by nutrition, feeding practices, environment, and healthcare than genetics or ethnicity.''"		:"''The new standards prove that differences in children's growth to age five are more influenced by nutrition, feeding practices, environment, and healthcare than genetics or ethnicity.''"
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	\|		\|
	* '''Growth charts compared.'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~20139683~~</pubmed></ref>~~"Most growth references are single-country references, exemplified here by charts from the UK, the Netherlands and the USA. By contrast, the Euro-Growth reference and the WHO standard are based on multinational samples. Comparison of these five charts reveals surprisingly large differences that are for the most part unexplained. Differences between the WHO charts and other charts are only partially explained by the use of a prescriptive approach and by the data truncation employed. The large differences between charts probably are of merely trivial consequence when charts are used in monitoring individual children. When charts are used in health assessment of groups of children, the impact of the differences, however, is substantial."		* '''Growth charts compared.'''{{#pmid:20139683\|PMID20139683}} "Most growth references are single-country references, exemplified here by charts from the UK, the Netherlands and the USA. By contrast, the Euro-Growth reference and the WHO standard are based on multinational samples. Comparison of these five charts reveals surprisingly large differences that are for the most part unexplained. Differences between the WHO charts and other charts are only partially explained by the use of a prescriptive approach and by the data truncation employed. The large differences between charts probably are of merely trivial consequence when charts are used in monitoring individual children. When charts are used in health assessment of groups of children, the impact of the differences, however, is substantial."

	* '''Using the new UK-WHO growth charts.'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~20231247~~</pubmed></ref>~~"The new UK growth charts for children aged 0-4 years (designed using data from the new WHO standards) describe the optimal pattern of growth for all children, rather than the prevailing pattern in the UK (as with previous charts). The new charts are suitable for all ethnic groups and set breast feeding as the norm. UK children match the new charts well for length and height, but after age 6 months fewer children will be below the 2nd centile for weight or show weight faltering, and more will be above the 98th centile. The new charts look different: they have a separate preterm section, no lines between 0 and 2 weeks, and the 50th percentile is no longer emphasised. The charts give clear instructions on gestational correction, and there is a new chart for infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation. The instructions advise on when and how to measure and when a measurement or growth pattern is outside the normal range. The charts include a "look-up" tool for determining the body mass index centile from height and weight centiles without calculation and aid for predicting adult height."		* '''Using the new UK-WHO growth charts.'''{{#pmid:20231247\|PMID20231247}} "The new UK growth charts for children aged 0-4 years (designed using data from the new WHO standards) describe the optimal pattern of growth for all children, rather than the prevailing pattern in the UK (as with previous charts). The new charts are suitable for all ethnic groups and set breast feeding as the norm. UK children match the new charts well for length and height, but after age 6 months fewer children will be below the 2nd centile for weight or show weight faltering, and more will be above the 98th centile. The new charts look different: they have a separate preterm section, no lines between 0 and 2 weeks, and the 50th percentile is no longer emphasised. The charts give clear instructions on gestational correction, and there is a new chart for infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation. The instructions advise on when and how to measure and when a measurement or growth pattern is outside the normal range. The charts include a "look-up" tool for determining the body mass index centile from height and weight centiles without calculation and aid for predicting adult height."

	* '''Comparative use of WHO standards and French national reference curves'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~20488685~~</pubmed></ref>~~"The WHO curves published in 2006 reflect the exact growth of infants who are exclusively breast-fed for at least 4 months. These curves are universal but not widely used in France."		* '''Comparative use of WHO standards and French national reference curves'''{{#pmid:20488685\|PMID20488685}} "The WHO curves published in 2006 reflect the exact growth of infants who are exclusively breast-fed for at least 4 months. These curves are universal but not widely used in France."

	* '''New intrauterine growth curves based on United States data'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~20100760~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/125/2/e214.long Pediatrics.]</ref>~~ "The Lubchenco curves may not represent the current US population. The new intrauterine growth curves created and validated in this study, based on a contemporary, large, racially diverse US sample, provide clinicians with an updated tool for growth assessment in US NICUs. Research into the ability of the new definitions of small-for-gestational-age and large-for-gestational-age to identify high-risk infants in terms of short-term and long-term health outcomes is needed."		* '''New intrauterine growth curves based on United States data'''{{#pmid:20100760\|PMID20100760}} "The Lubchenco curves may not represent the current US population. The new intrauterine growth curves created and validated in this study, based on a contemporary, large, racially diverse US sample, provide clinicians with an updated tool for growth assessment in US NICUs. Research into the ability of the new definitions of small-for-gestational-age and large-for-gestational-age to identify high-risk infants in terms of short-term and long-term health outcomes is needed."

	* '''Growth of Belgian and Norwegian children compared to the WHO growth standards'''<ref><pubmed>19948662</pubmed></ref>"Generally, the number of Belgian and Norwegian children below -2 SD lines of the WHO standards was lower and >2 SD higher than expected. The largest differences were for head circumference (0.97% Belgian and 0.18% Norwegian children below -2 SD, 6.55% Belgian and 6.40% Norwegian children >2 SD) and the smallest for length/height (1.25% Belgian and 1.43% Norwegian children below -2 SD, 3.47% Belgian and 2.81% Norwegian children >2 SD). The growth pattern of breastfed children of non-smoking mothers was in both countries more alike the local national growth references than the WHO standards."
	* WHO Child Growth Standards: Methods and development [http://www.who.int/childgrowth/publications/technical_report_velocity/en/index.html Growth velocity based on weight, length and head circumference] Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.		* WHO Child Growth Standards: Methods and development [http://www.who.int/childgrowth/publications/technical_report_velocity/en/index.html Growth velocity based on weight, length and head circumference] Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.
			\|}
			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! More recent papers
			\|-
			\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

			Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Postnatal+Growth+Charts ''Postnatal Growth Charts''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Growth+Charts ''Growth Charts'']
			\|}
			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! Older papers
			\|-
			\| {{Older papers}}

			* '''Growth of Belgian and Norwegian children compared to the WHO growth standards'''{{#pmid:19948662\|PMID19948662}} "Generally, the number of Belgian and Norwegian children below -2 SD lines of the WHO standards was lower and >2 SD higher than expected. The largest differences were for head circumference (0.97% Belgian and 0.18% Norwegian children below -2 SD, 6.55% Belgian and 6.40% Norwegian children >2 SD) and the smallest for length/height (1.25% Belgian and 1.43% Norwegian children below -2 SD, 3.47% Belgian and 2.81% Norwegian children >2 SD). The growth pattern of breastfed children of non-smoking mothers was in both countries more alike the local national growth references than the WHO standards."

	\|}		\|}

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	:'''Links:''' [[Williams Syndrome]]		:'''Links:''' [[Williams Syndrome]]

			===Mowat-Wilson Syndrome===
			Mowat–Wilson syndrome (MWS; OMIM #235730) is a genetic condition caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions of the ZEB2 gene characterized by moderate-severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, Hirschsprung disease and multiple organ malformations (congenital heart defects and urogenital anomalies). Growth charts for males and females aged from 0 to 16 years have been generated using a total of 2865 measurements from 99 MWS patients of different ancestries. {{#pmid:32539836\|PMID32539836}}


	== Growth Charts Program ==		== Growth Charts Program ==

Z8600021 at 00:45, 19 August 2020

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			{{header}}
	[[File:WHO report- child growth standards.jpg\|right]]		[[File:WHO report- child growth standards.jpg\|right]]
	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
	[[File:WHO-XY length birth to 2 years.png\|thumb\|Length for age boys (birth to 2 years)]]		[[File:WHO-XY length birth to 2 years.png\|thumb\|Length for age boys (birth to 2 years)]]
	Part of the normal ongoing monitoring of the newborn infant development is the simple measurement of weight, length, height and simple motor skills compared to large data sets of clinically normal infants. The original standards differed between countries and the time when the control data was collected (some based on data from 1970s or earlier). This has recently changed with the release of WHO international child growth standards using entirely new data sets.		Part of the normal ongoing monitoring of the newborn infant development {{growth charts}} is the simple measurement of weight, length, height and simple motor skills compared to large data sets of clinically normal infants. The original standards differed between countries and the time when the control data was collected (some based on data from 1970s or earlier). This has recently changed with the release of WHO international child growth standards using entirely new data sets.
	New international WHO Child Growth Standards (2006)<ref name= "PMID16817681"><pubmed>16817681</pubmed></ref> for infants and young children released (27 Apr) by the World Health Organization (WHO) provide evidence and guidance for the first time about how every child in the world should grow.		New international WHO Child Growth Standards (2006)<ref name= "PMID16817681"><pubmed>16817681</pubmed></ref> for infants and young children released (27 Apr) by the World Health Organization (WHO) provide evidence and guidance for the first time about how every child in the world should grow.

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 == WHO Child Growth Standards ==
 {|
 | [[File:WHO-XX length birth to 2 years.png|400px]]
 | [[File:WHO-XY length birth to 2 years.png|400px]]
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 | Girls length birth to 2 years
 | Boys length birth to 2 years
 |}
 Until page is updated please use the '''external links''' to the WHO resources listed below. Standards are available for download as PDF documents in either English, French and Spanish (and other languages).