Platypus Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 02:06, 30 April 2020

2020-04-30T02:06:40Z

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			* '''Insights into Platypus Population Structure and History from Whole-Genome Sequencing'''{{#pmid:29688544\|PMID29688544}} "The platypus is an egg-laying mammal which, alongside the echidna, occupies a unique place in the mammalian phylogenetic tree. Despite widespread interest in its unusual biology, little is known about its population structure or recent evolutionary history. To provide new insights into the dispersal and demographic history of this iconic species, we sequenced the genomes of 57 platypuses from across the whole species range in eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania. Using a highly improved reference genome, we called over 6.7 M SNPs, providing an informative genetic data set for population analyses. Our results show very strong population structure in the platypus, with our sampling locations corresponding to discrete groupings between which there is no evidence for recent gene flow. Genome-wide data allowed us to establish that 28 of the 57 sampled individuals had at least a third-degree relative among other samples from the same river, often taken at different times. Taking advantage of a sampled family quartet, we estimated the de novo mutation rate in the platypus at 7.0 × 10-9/bp/generation (95% CI 4.1 × 10-9-1.2 × 10-8/bp/generation). We estimated effective population sizes of ancestral populations and haplotype sharing between current groupings, and found evidence for bottlenecks and long-term population decline in multiple regions, and early divergence between populations in different regions. This study demonstrates the power of whole-genome sequencing for studying natural populations of an evolutionarily important species.

	* '''Distinct development of the cerebral cortex in platypus and echidna'''{{#pmid:22143038\|PMID22143038}} "Both lineages of the modern monotremes have distinctive features in the cerebral cortex, but the developmental mechanisms that produce such different adult cortical architecture remain unknown. Similarly, nothing is known about the differences and/or similarities between monotreme and therian cortical development. We have used material from the Hill embryological collection to try to answer key questions concerning cortical development in monotremes. Our findings indicate that gyrencephaly begins to emerge in the echidna brain shortly before birth (crown-rump length 12.5 mm), whereas the cortex of the platypus remains lissencephalic throughout development."		* '''Distinct development of the cerebral cortex in platypus and echidna'''{{#pmid:22143038\|PMID22143038}} "Both lineages of the modern monotremes have distinctive features in the cerebral cortex, but the developmental mechanisms that produce such different adult cortical architecture remain unknown. Similarly, nothing is known about the differences and/or similarities between monotreme and therian cortical development. We have used material from the Hill embryological collection to try to answer key questions concerning cortical development in monotremes. Our findings indicate that gyrencephaly begins to emerge in the echidna brain shortly before birth (crown-rump length 12.5 mm), whereas the cortex of the platypus remains lissencephalic throughout development."

Z8600021 at 02:00, 30 April 2020

2020-04-30T02:00:42Z

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	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Platypus+Embryology ''Platypus Embryology'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Platypus+Development ''Platypus Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Platypus+Embryology ''Platypus Embryology'']

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Z8600021 at 02:00, 30 April 2020

2020-04-30T02:00:08Z

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	=== Articles===		=== Articles===


	{{#pmid:22722086}}		{{#pmid:22722086}}

Z8600021 at 11:56, 6 Ocak 2019

2019-01-06T11:56:43Z

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	{{#pmid:22401666}}		{{#pmid:22401666}}

			{{#pmid:22156550}}

	{{#pmid:18464734}}		{{#pmid:18464734}}

Z8600021 at 11:56, 6 Ocak 2019

2019-01-06T11:56:07Z

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	=== Articles===		=== Articles===


	{{#pmid:22722086}}		{{#pmid:22722086}}

			{{#pmid:22572119}}

			{{#pmid:22401666}}

	{{#pmid:18464734}}		{{#pmid:18464734}}

Z8600021 at 11:53, 6 Ocak 2019

2019-01-06T11:53:49Z

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	* '''Sex Determination - ATRX, DMRT1, DMRT7 and WT1'''{{#pmid:19874722\|PMID19874722}} "One of the most puzzling aspects of monotreme reproductive biology is how they determine sex in the absence of the SRY gene that triggers testis development in most other mammals. Although monotremes share a XX female/XY male sex chromosome system with other mammals, their sex chromosomes show homology to the chicken Z chromosome, including the DMRT1 gene, which is a dosage-dependent sex determination gene in birds. ... We show that these four genes in the adult platypus have the same expression pattern as in other mammals, suggesting that they have a conserved role in sexual development independent of genomic location."		* '''Sex Determination - ATRX, DMRT1, DMRT7 and WT1'''{{#pmid:19874722\|PMID19874722}} "One of the most puzzling aspects of monotreme reproductive biology is how they determine sex in the absence of the SRY gene that triggers testis development in most other mammals. Although monotremes share a XX female/XY male sex chromosome system with other mammals, their sex chromosomes show homology to the chicken Z chromosome, including the DMRT1 gene, which is a dosage-dependent sex determination gene in birds. ... We show that these four genes in the adult platypus have the same expression pattern as in other mammals, suggesting that they have a conserved role in sexual development independent of genomic location."

	* '''Mammalian Diversity'''{{#pmid:16478607\|PMID16478607}} "... Monotremes are remarkable because these mammals are born from eggs laid outside of the mother's body. Marsupial mammals have relatively short gestation periods and give birth to highly altricial young that continue a significant amount of "fetal" development after birth, supported by a highly sophisticated lactation. Less than 10% of mammalian species are monotremes or marsupials, so the great majority of mammals are grouped into the subclass Eutheria, including mouse and human."

	* '''How did the platypus get its sex chromosome chain?'''{{#pmid:16344965\|PMID16344965}} "... Its chromosome complement is no less extraordinary, for it includes a system in which ten sex chromosomes form an extensive meiotic chain in males. Such meiotic multiples are unprecedented in vertebrates but occur sporadically in plant and invertebrate species."
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	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Platypus+Embryology ''Platypus Embryology'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Platypus+Embryology ''Platypus Embryology'']

	~~<pubmed limit~~=~~5>Platypus Embryology</pubmed>~~		\|}
			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! Older papers
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			\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''Mammalian Diversity'''{{#pmid:16478607\|PMID16478607}} "... Monotremes are remarkable because these mammals are born from eggs laid outside of the mother's body. Marsupial mammals have relatively short gestation periods and give birth to highly altricial young that continue a significant amount of "fetal" development after birth, supported by a highly sophisticated lactation. Less than 10% of mammalian species are monotremes or marsupials, so the great majority of mammals are grouped into the subclass Eutheria, including mouse and human."

			* '''How did the platypus get its sex chromosome chain?'''{{#pmid:16344965\|PMID16344965}} "... Its chromosome complement is no less extraordinary, for it includes a system in which ten sex chromosomes form an extensive meiotic chain in males. Such meiotic multiples are unprecedented in vertebrates but occur sporadically in plant and invertebrate species."
	\|}		\|}
	== Taxon ==		== Taxon ==

Z8600021 at 11:50, 23 Haziran 2018

2018-06-23T11:50:54Z

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	! More recent papers		! More recent papers
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	[[File:Emergence of traits along the mammalian lineage.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Emergence of traits along the mammalian lineage.{{#pmid:18464734\|PMID18464734}}]]		[[File:Emergence of traits along the mammalian lineage.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Emergence of traits along the mammalian lineage.{{#pmid:18464734\|PMID18464734}}]]
	The platypus mitochondrial genome was sequenced in 1994.~~<ref><pubmed>~~7932783~~</pubmed></ref>~~		The platypus mitochondrial genome was sequenced in 1994.{{#pmid:7932783\|PMID7932783}}

	The nuclear genome first draft sequence was released in 2008.{{#pmid:18464734\|PMID18464734}}		The nuclear genome first draft sequence was released in 2008.{{#pmid:18464734\|PMID18464734}}

Z8600021 at 02:47, 5 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-05T02:47:01Z

Show changes

Z8600021 at 23:18, 4 Haziran 2015

2015-06-04T23:18:38Z

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	~~:'''Links:''' [[Echidna Development\|Echidna]] \| [[Koala Development\|Koala]] \| [[Platypus Development\|Platypus]] \| [[:Category:Platypus\|Category:Platypus]]~~

	~~::'''Historic:''' [[Paper_-_1880_The_Platypus_Cochlea\|1880 - The Cochlea of the Ornithorhynchus platypus Compared with That of Ordinary Mammals and of Birds]]~~		{{Australian Animals}}


	~~----~~
	{{Animals}}		{{Animals}}

Z8600021 at 07:28, 27 December 2014

2014-12-27T07:28:20Z

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	[[Image:Platypus.jpg\|thumb\|Platypus, 1840 Cyclopaedia]]		[[Image:Platypus.jpg\|thumb\|Platypus, 1840 Cyclopaedia]]
	The platypus (''Ornithorhynchus anatinus'') also called the "duck-billed platypus" together with the 2 [[Echidna_Development\|echidna groups]] (short-beaked and long-beaked) are the only 3 surviving genera of the order Monotremata.		The platypus (''Ornithorhynchus anatinus'') also called the "duck-billed platypus" together with the 2 [[Echidna_Development\|echidna groups]] (short-beaked and long-beaked) are the only 3 surviving genera of the order Monotremata.


	The platypus is a unique egg-laying mammal and is not a common animal model of mammalian embryonic development. It lives in freshwater stream systems and is also the only known mammal that produces venom.		The platypus is a unique egg-laying mammal and is not a common animal model of mammalian embryonic development. It lives in freshwater stream systems and is also the only known mammal that produces venom.

	The platypus genome has also been recently sequenced 17495919 18464734.
			The platypus genome has also been recently sequenced.<ref><pubmed>17495919</pubmed></ref><ref><pubmed>18464734</pubmed></ref>


	'''Why platypus?''' Greek ''Platus'' = flat or broad, and ''pous'' = foot.		'''Why platypus?''' Greek ''Platus'' = flat or broad, and ''pous'' = foot.