Paper - The Falkiner ovum - Revision history

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	\|[[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|50px\|left]] This historic 1938 paper describes the "Falkiner" embryo, named after one of the co-authors.		\|[[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|50px\|left]] This historic 1938 paper describes the "Falkiner" embryo, named after one of the co-authors.
	<br>		<br>

			See also about this embryo: {{Ref-Falkiner1932}}
	\|}		\|}
	{{Historic Disclaimer}}		{{Historic Disclaimer}}

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Literature Cited

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	FALKINER, N. MCl. 1932 A description of a human ovum fifteen days old with special reference to the vascular arrangements and to the morphology of the trophoblast. J. Obst. and Gyn. Brit. Empire, vol. 39, pp. 471-506.		FALKINER, N. MCl. 1932 A description of a human ovum fifteen days old with special reference to the vascular arrangements and to the morphology of the trophoblast. J. Obst. and Gyn. Brit. Empire, vol. 39, pp. 471-506.

	~~{{Ref-Fraser1931}}~~

	FRASER, J. E. 1931 A Manual of Embryology. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, London.		FRASER, J. E. 1931 A Manual of Embryology. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, London.

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Literature Cited

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	==Literature Cited==		==Literature Cited==
	{{Ref-Falkiner1932))		{{Ref-Falkiner1932}}

	FALKINER, N. MCl. 1932 A description of a human ovum fifteen days old with special reference to the vascular arrangements and to the morphology of the trophoblast. J. Obst. and Gyn. Brit. Empire, vol. 39, pp. 471-506.		FALKINER, N. MCl. 1932 A description of a human ovum fifteen days old with special reference to the vascular arrangements and to the morphology of the trophoblast. J. Obst. and Gyn. Brit. Empire, vol. 39, pp. 471-506.
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	{{Ref-Ramsey1938}}		{{Ref-Ramsey1938}}


	==Explanation of Figures==		==Explanation of Figures==

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Show changes

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Plate 2

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	[[File:MartinFalkiner1938 plate02.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:MartinFalkiner1938 plate02.jpg\|600px]]

	5 Section 30 B. X150. This section passes through the primitive streak,		'''5''' Section 30 B. X150. This section passes through the primitive streak,
	which is seen at the caudal half of the embryonic plate. The amnion and embryonie plate have been torn. A t0ng'ue of tissue still pa.1'tia.lly divides the yolk sac.		which is seen at the caudal half of the embryonic plate. The amnion and embryonie plate have been torn. A t0ng'ue of tissue still pa.1'tia.lly divides the yolk sac.

	6 Section 30 E. X 150. The amnion and embryonic plate are much damaged but the latter is now sectioned at approximately 90° and is seen to be composed of a densely packed columnar epithelium. The roof of the yolk sac is formed by an even rod of tissue, two or more cells in thickness but thinning out at the cephalic end. This is interpreted as the head process or notoehordal plate.		'''6''' Section 30 E. X 150. The amnion and embryonic plate are much damaged but the latter is now sectioned at approximately 90° and is seen to be composed of a densely packed columnar epithelium. The roof of the yolk sac is formed by an even rod of tissue, two or more cells in thickness but thinning out at the cephalic end. This is interpreted as the head process or notoehordal plate.

	7 Section 3.1. D. X 150. The embryonic plate is now cut through at 90°. The amnion has rapidly diminislled in size. A loose ~~Strand~~ of mesoderm intervenes between the embryonic plate and the underlying endoderrn. The significance of the detached clump of cells in the middle of the yolk see is unknown.		'''7''' Section 3.1. D. X 150. The embryonic plate is now cut through at 90°. The amnion has rapidly diminislled in size. A loose strand of mesoderm intervenes between the embryonic plate and the underlying endoderrn. The significance of the detached clump of cells in the middle of the yolk see is unknown.

	8 Reconstruction of medial plane of embryo.		'''8''' Reconstruction of medial plane of embryo.

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	[[Category:Draft]]		[[Category:Draft]]
	[[Category:1930's]]		[[Category:1930's]]
			[[Category:Carnegie Stage 7]][[Category:Week 3]]

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Plate 2

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	8 Reconstruction of medial plane of embryo.		8 Reconstruction of medial plane of embryo.


			<gallery>
			File:MartinFalkiner1938 fig05.jpg\|Fig. 5
			File:MartinFalkiner1938 fig06.jpg\|Fig. 6
			File:MartinFalkiner1938 fig07.jpg\|Fig. 7
			File:MartinFalkiner1938 fig08.jpg\|Fig. 8
			</gallery>

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Plate 2

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	===Plate 2===		===Plate 2===
			[[File:MartinFalkiner1938 plate02.jpg\|600px]]

	5 Section 30 B. X150. This section passes ~~tl1ro11g1'1~~ the ~~primitix-*e~~ streak,		5 Section 30 B. X150. This section passes through the primitive streak,
	~~whic.h~~ is seen at the ~~ca11da..l~~ half of the ~~embr}-'onie~~ plate. The amnion ~~a.nd~~ embryonie plate have been torn. A t0ng'ue of tissue still pa.1'tia.lly divides the yolk sac.		which is seen at the caudal half of the embryonic plate. The amnion and embryonie plate have been torn. A t0ng'ue of tissue still pa.1'tia.lly divides the yolk sac.

	6 Section 30 E. X 150. The amnion and ~~en1b1'}*0nie~~ plate are much damaged		6 Section 30 E. X 150. The amnion and embryonic plate are much damaged but the latter is now sectioned at approximately 90° and is seen to be composed of a densely packed columnar epithelium. The roof of the yolk sac is formed by an even rod of tissue, two or more cells in thickness but thinning out at the cephalic end. This is interpreted as the head process or notoehordal plate.
	but the latter is now ~~seetio—ned~~ at ~~appl-o_x:ima.t.ely~~ 90° and is seen to be composed
	of a densely packed columnar epithelium. The roof of the yolk sac is ~~fornled~~ by
	~~21.11~~ even rod of ~~tissL1e~~, two or more cells in thickness but thinning out at the
	~~eephalie~~ end. This is interpreted as the head process or notoehordal plate.

	7 Section 3.1. D. X 150. The embryonic plate is now cut through at 90°.		7 Section 3.1. D. X 150. The embryonic plate is now cut through at 90°. The amnion has rapidly diminislled in size. A loose Strand of mesoderm intervenes between the embryonic plate and the underlying endoderrn. The significance of the detached clump of cells in the middle of the yolk see is unknown.
	The amnion has rapidly diminislled in size. A loose Strand of ~~1neeode1*m~~ intervenes between the embryonic plate and the underlying endoderrn. The significance
	of the detached clump of cells in the middle of the yolk see is unknown.

	8 Reconstruction of medial. plane of embryo.		8 Reconstruction of medial plane of embryo.

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Plate 1

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	===Plate 1===		===Plate 1===
			[[File:MartinFalkiner1938 plate01.jpg\|600px]]

	1 Section 31 D. X 38.		'''1''' Section 31 D. X 38.

	2 Section 29 A. X 150. The large amniotic cavity lies dorsal and it is prolonged into the body stalk as the amniotic duct. The small cavity of the yolk sac is separated from the amnion by a considera.ble interval filled with loose tissue with deep grooves on either side. In the ﬂoor of the amniotic cavity the extreme edge of the embryonic p-late has been sectioned very obliquely. The allantois, though indistinct, can be seen in the body stalk.		'''2''' Section 29 A. X 150. The large amniotic cavity lies dorsal and it is prolonged into the body stalk as the amniotic duct. The small cavity of the yolk sac is separated from the amnion by a considera.ble interval filled with loose tissue with deep grooves on either side. In the ﬂoor of the amniotic cavity the extreme edge of the embryonic p-late has been sectioned very obliquely. The allantois, though indistinct, can be seen in the body stalk.

	3 Section 29 D. X 150. Two parts of the yolk sac cavity separated by a broad band of tissue are visible in this section. One small part lies fairly close under the embryonic plate; the other and larger lies more ventrally. This last is the compartment that was visible in previous sections. The allantois is cut in two places: first it is seen as a long duct running dorsally from the caudal end of the ventral compartment of the yolk sac, and secondly it is again c.ut slightly caudal to the dorsal end of the duct-like part. From the dorsal end of the longitudinal part a wedge-shaped mass of cells projects toward the amniotic cavity.		'''3''' Section 29 D. X 150. Two parts of the yolk sac cavity separated by a broad band of tissue are visible in this section. One small part lies fairly close under the embryonic plate; the other and larger lies more ventrally. This last is the compartment that was visible in previous sections. The allantois is cut in two places: first it is seen as a long duct running dorsally from the caudal end of the ventral compartment of the yolk sac, and secondly it is again c.ut slightly caudal to the dorsal end of the duct-like part. From the dorsal end of the longitudinal part a wedge-shaped mass of cells projects toward the amniotic cavity.

	4 Section 29 F. X 150. The two compartments of the yolk sac are fusing in this section. The allantois is still visible in the body stalk. The amnion has been torn. Two grooves constrict the outside of the yolk sac, and the endoderm in the roof of the sac between these grooves is irregular and much folded, while that below the grooves forms an even regular layer.		'''4''' Section 29 F. X 150. The two compartments of the yolk sac are fusing in this section. The allantois is still visible in the body stalk. The amnion has been torn. Two grooves constrict the outside of the yolk sac, and the endoderm in the roof of the sac between these grooves is irregular and much folded, while that below the grooves forms an even regular layer.

			<gallery>
			File:MartinFalkiner1938 fig01.jpg\|Fig. 1
			File:MartinFalkiner1938 fig02.jpg\|Fig. 2
			File:MartinFalkiner1938 fig03.jpg\|Fig. 3
			File:MartinFalkiner1938 fig04.jpg\|Fig. 4
			</gallery>

	===Plate 2===		===Plate 2===

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Plate 1

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	===Plate 1===		===Plate 1===

	1 Section 31 D. X 38.		1 Section 31 D. X 38.

	2 Section 29 A. X 150. The large amniotic cavity lies dorsal and it is prolonged into the body stalk as the amniotic duct. The small cavity of the yolk sac		2 Section 29 A. X 150. The large amniotic cavity lies dorsal and it is prolonged into the body stalk as the amniotic duct. The small cavity of the yolk sac is separated from the amnion by a considera.ble interval filled with loose tissue with deep grooves on either side. In the ﬂoor of the amniotic cavity the extreme edge of the embryonic p-late has been sectioned very obliquely. The allantois, though indistinct, can be seen in the body stalk.
	is separated from the amnion by a considera.ble interval filled with loose tissue
	with deep grooves on either side. In the ﬂoor of the amniotic cavity the extreme
	edge of the embryonic p-late has been sectioned very obliquely. The allantois,
	though indistinct, can be seen in the body stalk.

	3 Section 29 D. X 150. Two parts of the yolk sac cavity separated by a		3 Section 29 D. X 150. Two parts of the yolk sac cavity separated by a broad band of tissue are visible in this section. One small part lies fairly close under the embryonic plate; the other and larger lies more ventrally. This last is the compartment that was visible in previous sections. The allantois is cut in two places: first it is seen as a long duct running dorsally from the caudal end of the ventral compartment of the yolk sac, and secondly it is again c.ut slightly caudal to the dorsal end of the duct-like part. From the dorsal end of the longitudinal part a wedge-shaped mass of cells projects toward the amniotic cavity.
	broad band of tissue are visible in this section. One small part lies fairly close
	under the embryonic plate; the other and larger lies more ventrally. This last
	is the compartment that was visible in previous sections. The allantois is cut in
	two places: first it is seen as a long duct running dorsally from the caudal end
	of the ventral compartment of the yolk sac, and secondly it is again c.ut slightly
	caudal to the dorsal end of the duct-like part. From the dorsal end of the longitudinal part a wedge-shaped mass of cells projects toward the amniotic cavity.

	4 Section 29 F. X 150. The two compartments of the yolk sac are fusing		4 Section 29 F. X 150. The two compartments of the yolk sac are fusing in this section. The allantois is still visible in the body stalk. The amnion has been torn. Two grooves constrict the outside of the yolk sac, and the endoderm in the roof of the sac between these grooves is irregular and much folded, while that below the grooves forms an even regular layer.
	in this section. The allantois is still visible in the body stalk. The amnion has
	been torn. Two grooves constrict the outside of the yolk sac, and the endoderm
	in the roof of the sac between these grooves is irregular and much folded, while
	that below the grooves forms an even regular layer.

	===Plate 2===		===Plate 2===