Musculoskeletal System Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 07:53, 27 July 2020

2020-07-27T07:53:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:53, 27 July 2020
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	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Musculoskeletal+Development ''Musculoskeletal Development'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Musculoskeletal+Development ''Musculoskeletal Development''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Musculoskeletal+Embryology ''Musculoskeletal Embryology'']

	~~<pubmed limit=5>Musculoskeletal Development</pubmed>~~
	\|}		\|}
	[[File:Stage20-23_limbs_b.jpg\|500px]] [[File:Fetal_head_lateral.jpg\|250px]]		[[File:Stage20-23_limbs_b.jpg\|500px]] [[File:Fetal_head_lateral.jpg\|250px]]

Z8600021 at 21:00, 20 Ocak 2019

2019-01-20T21:00:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:00, 21 Ocak 2019
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	The skeletal shoulder consists of: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus. Development of his region occurs through both forms of ossification processes.		The skeletal shoulder consists of: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus. Development of his region occurs through both forms of ossification processes.

	The skeletal pelvis consists of: the sacrum and coccyx (axial skeleton), and pelvic girdle formed by a pair of hip bones (appendicular skeleton). Before puberty, he pelvic girdle also consists of three unfused bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. In chicken, the entire pelvic girdle originates from the somatopleure mesoderm (somite levels 26 to 35) and the ilium, but not of the pubis and ischium, depends on somitic and ectodermal signals.~~<ref><pubmed>~~18087724~~</pubmed></ref>~~		The skeletal pelvis consists of: the sacrum and coccyx (axial skeleton), and pelvic girdle formed by a pair of hip bones (appendicular skeleton). Before puberty, he pelvic girdle also consists of three unfused bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. In chicken, the entire pelvic girdle originates from the somatopleure mesoderm (somite levels 26 to 35) and the ilium, but not of the pubis and ischium, depends on somitic and ectodermal signals.{{#pmid:18087724\|PMID18087724}}

			<br>
	:'''Links:''' [[Musculoskeletal System - Shoulder Development\|Shoulder Development]] \| [[Musculoskeletal System - Pelvis Development\|Pelvis Development]]		:'''Links:''' [[Musculoskeletal System - Shoulder Development\|Shoulder Development]] \| [[Musculoskeletal System - Pelvis Development\|Pelvis Development]]

Z8600021 at 05:41, 5 November 2018

2018-11-05T05:41:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 5 November 2018
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	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|
	* '''Cell-matrix signals specify bone endothelial cells during developmental osteogenesis'''{{#pmid:28218908\|PMID28218908}} “Blood vessels in the mammalian skeletal system control bone formation and support haematopoiesis by generating local niche environments. Here, we report that embryonic and early postnatal long bone contains a specialized endothelial cell subtype, termed type E, which strongly supports osteoblast lineage cells and later gives rise to other endothelial cell subpopulations. The differentiation and functional properties of bone endothelial cells require cell-matrix signalling interactions." ~~[[Musculoskeletal_System_-_Bone_Development\|~~Bone ~~Development]] \| [[Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel Development~~\|Blood ~~Vessel Development]]~~		* '''Cell-matrix signals specify bone endothelial cells during developmental osteogenesis'''{{#pmid:28218908\|PMID28218908}} “Blood vessels in the mammalian skeletal system control bone formation and support haematopoiesis by generating local niche environments. Here, we report that embryonic and early postnatal long bone contains a specialized endothelial cell subtype, termed type E, which strongly supports osteoblast lineage cells and later gives rise to other endothelial cell subpopulations. The differentiation and functional properties of bone endothelial cells require cell-matrix signalling interactions." {{Bone}} \| {{Blood vessel}}
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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	==Sternum==		==Sternum==
	~~See~~ {{axial skeleton}} notes. The sternum and sternal ribs derive from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm.{{#pmid:10803330\|PMID10803330}}{{#pmid:26467243\|PMID26467243}}		For details on {{sternum}} development see {{axial skeleton}} notes. The sternum and sternal ribs derive from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm.{{#pmid:10803330\|PMID10803330}}{{#pmid:26467243\|PMID26467243}}


			:'''Links:''' {{sternum}}
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
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	===Reviews===		===Reviews===
	~~<pubmed>~~21620133~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:21620133}}
	~~<pubmed>~~20508815~~</pubmed>~~
	~~<pubmed>~~16081228~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:20508815}}
	~~<pubmed>~~1946622~~</pubmed>~~
			{{#pmid:16081228}}

			{{#pmid:1946622}}

	===Articles===		===Articles===
			{{#pmid:15516609}}

	~~<pubmed>15516609</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:14726642}}
	~~<pubmed>~~14726642~~</pubmed>~~

	===Search PubMed===		===Search PubMed===

Z8600021 at 05:38, 5 November 2018

2018-11-05T05:38:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:38, 5 November 2018
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	==Sternum==		==Sternum==
			See {{axial skeleton}} notes. The sternum and sternal ribs derive from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm.{{#pmid:10803330\|PMID10803330}}{{#pmid:26467243\|PMID26467243}}

	~~The sternum and sternal ribs derive from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm.{{#pmid:10803330\|PMID10803330}}{{#pmid:26467243\|PMID26467243}}~~

	~~{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"~~
	~~! Historic Sternum papers  ~~
	\|-
	~~\| {{Ref-Keith1902}}~~
	~~[[Book_-_Human_Embryology_and_Morphology_19#Formation_of_Ribs\|Body Wall, Ribs, and Sternum]]~~

	~~{{Ref-WhiteheadWaddell1911}}~~
	\|}
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

Z8600021 at 05:35, 5 November 2018

2018-11-05T05:35:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 5 November 2018
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	\|		\|
	* '''Cell-matrix signals specify bone endothelial cells during developmental osteogenesis'''{{#pmid:28218908\|PMID28218908}} “Blood vessels in the mammalian skeletal system control bone formation and support haematopoiesis by generating local niche environments. Here, we report that embryonic and early postnatal long bone contains a specialized endothelial cell subtype, termed type E, which strongly supports osteoblast lineage cells and later gives rise to other endothelial cell subpopulations. The differentiation and functional properties of bone endothelial cells require cell-matrix signalling interactions." [[Musculoskeletal_System_-_Bone_Development\|Bone Development]] \| [[Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel Development\|Blood Vessel Development]]		* '''Cell-matrix signals specify bone endothelial cells during developmental osteogenesis'''{{#pmid:28218908\|PMID28218908}} “Blood vessels in the mammalian skeletal system control bone formation and support haematopoiesis by generating local niche environments. Here, we report that embryonic and early postnatal long bone contains a specialized endothelial cell subtype, termed type E, which strongly supports osteoblast lineage cells and later gives rise to other endothelial cell subpopulations. The differentiation and functional properties of bone endothelial cells require cell-matrix signalling interactions." [[Musculoskeletal_System_-_Bone_Development\|Bone Development]] \| [[Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel Development\|Blood Vessel Development]]

	* '''Developmental Dynamics''' - [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.v240.5/issuetoc Special Issue: Special Issue on Limb Development] May 2011 Volume 240, Issue 5

	* '''Vertebrate segmentation: from cyclic gene networks to scoliosis'''{{#pmid:21620133\|PMID21620133}} "One of the most striking features of the human vertebral column is its periodic organization along the anterior-posterior axis. This pattern is established when segments of vertebrates, called somites, bud off at a defined pace from the anterior tip of the embryo's presomitic mesoderm (PSM). To trigger this rhythmic production of somites, three major signaling pathways--Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)--integrate into a molecular network that generates a traveling wave of gene expression along the embryonic axis, called the "segmentation clock." Recent systems approaches have begun identifying specific signaling circuits within the network that set the pace of the oscillations, synchronize gene expression cycles in neighboring cells, and contribute to the robustness and bilateral symmetry of somite formation. These findings establish a new model for vertebrate segmentation and provide a conceptual framework to explain human diseases of the spine, such as congenital scoliosis."
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
	! More recent papers		! More recent papers
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}
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	\|}		\|}
	[[File:Stage20-23_limbs_b.jpg\|500px]] [[File:Fetal_head_lateral.jpg\|250px]]		[[File:Stage20-23_limbs_b.jpg\|500px]] [[File:Fetal_head_lateral.jpg\|250px]]
			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! Older papers
			\|-
			\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''Developmental Dynamics''' - [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.v240.5/issuetoc Special Issue: Special Issue on Limb Development] May 2011 Volume 240, Issue 5

			* '''Vertebrate segmentation: from cyclic gene networks to scoliosis'''{{#pmid:21620133\|PMID21620133}} "One of the most striking features of the human vertebral column is its periodic organization along the anterior-posterior axis. This pattern is established when segments of vertebrates, called somites, bud off at a defined pace from the anterior tip of the embryo's presomitic mesoderm (PSM). To trigger this rhythmic production of somites, three major signaling pathways--Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)--integrate into a molecular network that generates a traveling wave of gene expression along the embryonic axis, called the "segmentation clock." Recent systems approaches have begun identifying specific signaling circuits within the network that set the pace of the oscillations, synchronize gene expression cycles in neighboring cells, and contribute to the robustness and bilateral symmetry of somite formation. These findings establish a new model for vertebrate segmentation and provide a conceptual framework to explain human diseases of the spine, such as congenital scoliosis."
			\|}
	== Textbooks ==		== Textbooks ==
	{\|		{\|
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	The sternum and sternal ribs derive from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm.{{#pmid:10803330\|PMID10803330}}{{#pmid:26467243\|PMID26467243}}		The sternum and sternal ribs derive from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm.{{#pmid:10803330\|PMID10803330}}{{#pmid:26467243\|PMID26467243}}

			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! Historic Sternum papers
			\|-
			\| {{Ref-Keith1902}}
			[[Book_-_Human_Embryology_and_Morphology_19#Formation_of_Ribs\|Body Wall, Ribs, and Sternum]]

			{{Ref-WhiteheadWaddell1911}}
			\|}
	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>

Z8600021 at 05:30, 5 November 2018

2018-11-05T05:30:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:30, 5 November 2018
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	:'''Links:''' [[Musculoskeletal System - Shoulder Development\|Shoulder Development]] \| [[Musculoskeletal System - Pelvis Development\|Pelvis Development]]		:'''Links:''' [[Musculoskeletal System - Shoulder Development\|Shoulder Development]] \| [[Musculoskeletal System - Pelvis Development\|Pelvis Development]]

			==Sternum==

			The sternum and sternal ribs derive from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm.{{#pmid:10803330\|PMID10803330}}{{#pmid:26467243\|PMID26467243}}

	== References ==		== References ==

Z8600021 at 04:18, 6 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-06T04:18:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:18, 6 Mayıs 2018
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	[[File:Stage11 sem100.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Mesoderm (week 4)]]		[[File:Stage11 sem100.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Mesoderm (week 4)]]
	[[File:Endochondral_bone.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Developing muscle, cartilage and bone.]]		[[File:Endochondral_bone.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Developing muscle, cartilage and bone.]]
	The mesoderm forms nearly all the connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system. Each tissue (cartilage, bone, and muscle) goes through many different mechanisms of differentiation.		The mesoderm forms nearly all the connective tissues of the {{musculoskeletal}} system. Each tissue ({{cartilage}}, {{bone}}, and muscle) goes through many different mechanisms of differentiation.

	The musculoskeletal system consists of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage and is mainly mesoderm in origin with some neural crest contribution.		The musculoskeletal system consists of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage and is mainly mesoderm in origin with some neural crest contribution.

	The intraembryonic mesoderm can be broken into paraxial, intermediate and lateral mesoderm relative to its midline position. During the 3rd week the paraxial mesoderm forms into "balls" of ~~mesoderm paired~~ either side of the neural groove~~, called somites~~.		The intraembryonic mesoderm can be broken into paraxial, intermediate and lateral mesoderm relative to its midline position. During the 3rd week the paraxial mesoderm undergoes {{somitogenesis}} and forms into paired "balls" of somites either side of the neural groove.

	Somites appear bilaterally as pairs at the same time and form earliest at the cranial (rostral,brain) end of the neural groove and add sequentially at the caudal end. This addition occurs so regularly that embryos are staged according to the number of somites that are present. Different regions of the somite differentiate into dermomyotome (dermal and muscle component) and sclerotome (forms vertebral column). An example of a specialized musculoskeletal structure can be seen in the development of the limbs.		Somites appear bilaterally as pairs at the same time and form earliest at the cranial (rostral,brain) end of the neural groove and add sequentially at the caudal end. This addition occurs so regularly that embryos are staged according to the number of somites that are present. Different regions of the somite differentiate into dermomyotome (dermal and muscle component) and sclerotome (forms vertebral column). An example of a specialized musculoskeletal structure can be seen in the development of the limbs.

Z8600021 at 23:32, 14 February 2018

2018-02-14T23:32:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:32, 15 February 2018
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	\|		\|
	* '''Cell-matrix signals specify bone endothelial cells during developmental osteogenesis'''{{#pmid:28218908\|PMID28218908}} “Blood vessels in the mammalian skeletal system control bone formation and support haematopoiesis by generating local niche environments. Here, we report that embryonic and early postnatal long bone contains a specialized endothelial cell subtype, termed type E, which strongly supports osteoblast lineage cells and later gives rise to other endothelial cell subpopulations. The differentiation and functional properties of bone endothelial cells require cell-matrix signalling interactions." [[Musculoskeletal_System_-_Bone_Development\|Bone Development]] \| [[Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel Development\|Blood Vessel Development]]		* '''Cell-matrix signals specify bone endothelial cells during developmental osteogenesis'''{{#pmid:28218908\|PMID28218908}} “Blood vessels in the mammalian skeletal system control bone formation and support haematopoiesis by generating local niche environments. Here, we report that embryonic and early postnatal long bone contains a specialized endothelial cell subtype, termed type E, which strongly supports osteoblast lineage cells and later gives rise to other endothelial cell subpopulations. The differentiation and functional properties of bone endothelial cells require cell-matrix signalling interactions." [[Musculoskeletal_System_-_Bone_Development\|Bone Development]] \| [[Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel Development\|Blood Vessel Development]]

	* '''Developmental Dynamics''' - [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.v240.5/issuetoc Special Issue: Special Issue on Limb Development] May 2011 Volume 240, Issue 5		* '''Developmental Dynamics''' - [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.v240.5/issuetoc Special Issue: Special Issue on Limb Development] May 2011 Volume 240, Issue 5
	* '''Vertebrate segmentation: from cyclic gene networks to scoliosis'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~21620133~~</pubmed></ref>~~ "One of the most striking features of the human vertebral column is its periodic organization along the anterior-posterior axis. This pattern is established when segments of vertebrates, called somites, bud off at a defined pace from the anterior tip of the embryo's presomitic mesoderm (PSM). To trigger this rhythmic production of somites, three major signaling pathways--Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)--integrate into a molecular network that generates a traveling wave of gene expression along the embryonic axis, called the "segmentation clock." Recent systems approaches have begun identifying specific signaling circuits within the network that set the pace of the oscillations, synchronize gene expression cycles in neighboring cells, and contribute to the robustness and bilateral symmetry of somite formation. These findings establish a new model for vertebrate segmentation and provide a conceptual framework to explain human diseases of the spine, such as congenital scoliosis."
			* '''Vertebrate segmentation: from cyclic gene networks to scoliosis'''{{#pmid:21620133\|PMID21620133}} "One of the most striking features of the human vertebral column is its periodic organization along the anterior-posterior axis. This pattern is established when segments of vertebrates, called somites, bud off at a defined pace from the anterior tip of the embryo's presomitic mesoderm (PSM). To trigger this rhythmic production of somites, three major signaling pathways--Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)--integrate into a molecular network that generates a traveling wave of gene expression along the embryonic axis, called the "segmentation clock." Recent systems approaches have begun identifying specific signaling circuits within the network that set the pace of the oscillations, synchronize gene expression cycles in neighboring cells, and contribute to the robustness and bilateral symmetry of somite formation. These findings establish a new model for vertebrate segmentation and provide a conceptual framework to explain human diseases of the spine, such as congenital scoliosis."
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

Z8600021 at 22:58, 14 February 2018

2018-02-14T22:58:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:58, 15 February 2018
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	\|		\|
	* '''Cell-matrix signals specify bone endothelial cells during developmental osteogenesis'''~~<ref name=~~PMID28218908~~><pubmed>28218908</pubmed></ref>~~ “Blood vessels in the mammalian skeletal system control bone formation and support haematopoiesis by generating local niche environments. Here, we report that embryonic and early postnatal long bone contains a specialized endothelial cell subtype, termed type E, which strongly supports osteoblast lineage cells and later gives rise to other endothelial cell subpopulations. The differentiation and functional properties of bone endothelial cells require cell-matrix signalling interactions." [[Musculoskeletal_System_-_Bone_Development\|Bone Development]] \| [[Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel Development\|Blood Vessel Development]]		* '''Cell-matrix signals specify bone endothelial cells during developmental osteogenesis'''{{#pmid:28218908\|PMID28218908}} “Blood vessels in the mammalian skeletal system control bone formation and support haematopoiesis by generating local niche environments. Here, we report that embryonic and early postnatal long bone contains a specialized endothelial cell subtype, termed type E, which strongly supports osteoblast lineage cells and later gives rise to other endothelial cell subpopulations. The differentiation and functional properties of bone endothelial cells require cell-matrix signalling interactions." [[Musculoskeletal_System_-_Bone_Development\|Bone Development]] \| [[Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel Development\|Blood Vessel Development]]
	* '''Developmental Dynamics''' - [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.v240.5/issuetoc Special Issue: Special Issue on Limb Development] May 2011 Volume 240, Issue 5		* '''Developmental Dynamics''' - [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.v240.5/issuetoc Special Issue: Special Issue on Limb Development] May 2011 Volume 240, Issue 5
	* '''Vertebrate segmentation: from cyclic gene networks to scoliosis'''<ref><pubmed>21620133</pubmed></ref> "One of the most striking features of the human vertebral column is its periodic organization along the anterior-posterior axis. This pattern is established when segments of vertebrates, called somites, bud off at a defined pace from the anterior tip of the embryo's presomitic mesoderm (PSM). To trigger this rhythmic production of somites, three major signaling pathways--Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)--integrate into a molecular network that generates a traveling wave of gene expression along the embryonic axis, called the "segmentation clock." Recent systems approaches have begun identifying specific signaling circuits within the network that set the pace of the oscillations, synchronize gene expression cycles in neighboring cells, and contribute to the robustness and bilateral symmetry of somite formation. These findings establish a new model for vertebrate segmentation and provide a conceptual framework to explain human diseases of the spine, such as congenital scoliosis."		* '''Vertebrate segmentation: from cyclic gene networks to scoliosis'''<ref><pubmed>21620133</pubmed></ref> "One of the most striking features of the human vertebral column is its periodic organization along the anterior-posterior axis. This pattern is established when segments of vertebrates, called somites, bud off at a defined pace from the anterior tip of the embryo's presomitic mesoderm (PSM). To trigger this rhythmic production of somites, three major signaling pathways--Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)--integrate into a molecular network that generates a traveling wave of gene expression along the embryonic axis, called the "segmentation clock." Recent systems approaches have begun identifying specific signaling circuits within the network that set the pace of the oscillations, synchronize gene expression cycles in neighboring cells, and contribute to the robustness and bilateral symmetry of somite formation. These findings establish a new model for vertebrate segmentation and provide a conceptual framework to explain human diseases of the spine, such as congenital scoliosis."

Z8600021 at 09:59, 16 March 2017

2017-03-16T09:59:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:59, 16 March 2017
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

			{{Systems}}
	~~----~~

	{{~~Template:~~Systems}}
	==External Links==		==External Links==

	{{External Links}}		{{External Links}}


	* '''UNSW Virtual Slides''' [http://vslides.unsw.edu.au/VirtualSlideV2.nsf/id/447642 Musculoskeletal Development Histology] (requires login)		* '''UNSW Virtual Slides''' [http://vslides.unsw.edu.au/VirtualSlideV2.nsf/id/447642 Musculoskeletal Development Histology] (requires login)