Molecular Development - microRNA - Revision history

Z8600021 at 22:01, 30 July 2018

2018-07-30T22:01:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:01, 31 July 2018
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			* '''Long and small noncoding RNAs during oocyte-to-embryo transition in mammals'''{{#pmid:28939692\|PMID28939692}} "Oocyte-to-embryo transition is a process during which an oocyte ovulates, is fertilized, and becomes a developing embryo. It involves the first major genome reprogramming event in life of an organism where gene expression, which gave rise to a differentiated oocyte, is remodeled in order to establish totipotency in blastomeres of an early embryo. This remodeling involves replacement of maternal RNAs with zygotic RNAs through maternal RNA degradation and zygotic genome activation. This review is focused on expression and function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small RNAs during oocyte-to-embryo transition in mammals. LncRNAs are an assorted rapidly evolving collection of RNAs, which have no apparent protein-coding capacity. Their biogenesis is similar to mRNAs including transcriptional control and post-transcriptional processing. Diverse molecular and biological roles were assigned to lncRNAs although most of them probably did not acquire a detectable biological role. Since some lncRNAs serve as precursors for small noncoding regulatory RNAs in RNA silencing pathways, both types of noncoding RNA are reviewed together."

	* '''Developmental profiling of microRNAs in the human embryonic inner ear'''{{#pmid:29373586\|PMID29373586}} "Due to the extreme inaccessibility of fetal human inner ear tissue, defining of the microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate development of the inner ear has relied on animal tissue. In the present study, we performed the first miRNA sequencing of otic precursors in human specimens. Using HTG miRNA Whole Transcriptome assays, we examined miRNA expression in the cochleovestibular ganglion (CVG), neural crest (NC), and otic vesicle (OV) from paraffin embedded (FFPE) human specimens in the Carnegie developmental stages {{CS13}}, {{CS14}} and {{CS15}}. We found that in human embryonic tissues, there are different patterns of miRNA expression in the CVG, NC and OV. In particular, members of the miR-183 family (miR-96, miR-182, and miR-183) are differentially expressed in the CVG compared to NC and OV at Carnegie developmental stage {{CS13}}. We further identified transcription factors that are differentially targeted in the CVG compared to the other tissues from stages 13-15, and we performed gene set enrichment analyses to determine differentially regulated pathways that are relevant to CVG development in humans. These findings not only provide insight into the mechanisms governing the development of the human inner ear, but also identify potential signaling pathways for promoting regeneration of the spiral ganglion and other components of the inner ear." (More? [[Hearing - Inner Ear Development]])		* '''Developmental profiling of microRNAs in the human embryonic inner ear'''{{#pmid:29373586\|PMID29373586}} "Due to the extreme inaccessibility of fetal human inner ear tissue, defining of the microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate development of the inner ear has relied on animal tissue. In the present study, we performed the first miRNA sequencing of otic precursors in human specimens. Using HTG miRNA Whole Transcriptome assays, we examined miRNA expression in the cochleovestibular ganglion (CVG), neural crest (NC), and otic vesicle (OV) from paraffin embedded (FFPE) human specimens in the Carnegie developmental stages {{CS13}}, {{CS14}} and {{CS15}}. We found that in human embryonic tissues, there are different patterns of miRNA expression in the CVG, NC and OV. In particular, members of the miR-183 family (miR-96, miR-182, and miR-183) are differentially expressed in the CVG compared to NC and OV at Carnegie developmental stage {{CS13}}. We further identified transcription factors that are differentially targeted in the CVG compared to the other tissues from stages 13-15, and we performed gene set enrichment analyses to determine differentially regulated pathways that are relevant to CVG development in humans. These findings not only provide insight into the mechanisms governing the development of the human inner ear, but also identify potential signaling pathways for promoting regeneration of the spiral ganglion and other components of the inner ear." (More? [[Hearing - Inner Ear Development]])

Z8600021 at 03:24, 6 April 2018

2018-04-06T03:24:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:24, 6 April 2018
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	[[File:MicroRNA formation 01.jpg\|thumb\|alt=MicroRNA formation\|MicroRNA formation{{#pmid:26311337\|PMID26311337}}]]		[[File:MicroRNA formation 01.jpg\|thumb\|alt=MicroRNA formation\|MicroRNA formation{{#pmid:26311337\|PMID26311337}}]]
	~~[[File:Bovine GIT miRNA expression 01.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Bovine GIT miRNA expression{{#pmid:24682221\|PMID24682221}}~~
	Micro RNA (miRNA) are 22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that regulate about 30% of mammalian genes.		Micro RNA (miRNA) are 22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that regulate about 30% of mammalian genes.

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	==Some Recent Findings==		==Some Recent Findings==
	[[File:Human CS13-15 otic vesicle 01.jpg\|thumb\|Human CS13-15 otic vesicle.{{#pmid:29373586\|PMID29373586}}]]		[[File:Human CS13-15 otic vesicle 01.jpg\|thumb\|Human CS13-15 otic vesicle.{{#pmid:29373586\|PMID29373586}}]]
			[[File:Bovine GIT miRNA expression 01.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Bovine GIT miRNA expression{{#pmid:24682221\|PMID24682221}}]]
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Z8600021 at 03:22, 6 April 2018

2018-04-06T03:22:16Z

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-===Other RNAs===
+==Hearing==
 * miR-183 family (miR-96, miR-182, and miR-183) are differentially expressed in the cochleovestibular ganglion compared to neural crest and otic vesicle at Carnegie stage {{CS13}}. From a recent study of microRNAs in the human embryonic inner ear during Carnegie developmental stages {{CS13}}, {{CS14}} and {{CS15}}.{{#pmid:29373586|PMID29373586}}
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 :'''Links:''' [[Hearing - Inner Ear Development]]
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 {{Footer}}
-[[Category:Molecular]]
+[[Category:Molecular]][[Category:microRNA]]

Z8600021 at 03:15, 6 April 2018

2018-04-06T03:15:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:15, 6 April 2018
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	{{Header}}		{{Header}}
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
			[[File:MicroRNA formation 01.jpg\|thumb\|alt=MicroRNA formation\|MicroRNA formation{{#pmid:26311337\|PMID26311337}}]]
	[[File:Bovine GIT miRNA expression 01.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Bovine GIT miRNA expression{{#pmid:24682221\|PMID24682221}}		[[File:Bovine GIT miRNA expression 01.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Bovine GIT miRNA expression{{#pmid:24682221\|PMID24682221}}
	Micro RNA (miRNA) are 22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that regulate about 30% of mammalian genes.		Micro RNA (miRNA) are 22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that regulate about 30% of mammalian genes.

Z8600021 at 03:14, 6 April 2018

2018-04-06T03:14:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:14, 6 April 2018
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	* miR-194 regulates the development and differentiation of sensory patches and statoacoustic ganglion of inner ear by fgf4.		* miR-194 regulates the development and differentiation of sensory patches and statoacoustic ganglion of inner ear by fgf4.
	From a recent study of microRNAs in the ~~mouse~~ embryonic inner ear.{{#pmid:29570699\|PMID29570699}}		From an earlier study in mouse{{#pmid:20467336\|PMID20467336}} and a recent study of microRNAs in the zebrafish embryonic inner ear.{{#pmid:29570699\|PMID29570699}}

Z8600021 at 03:11, 6 April 2018

2018-04-06T03:11:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 6 April 2018
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	The original "RNA family" consisted of just 3 main members; transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and messenger RNAs (mRNA). MicroRNA (miRNA) is a member of other newly identified classes of RNA have been suggested to have many different roles in signalling, protein processing and differentiation.		The original "RNA family" consisted of just 3 main members; transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and messenger RNAs (mRNA). MicroRNA (miRNA) is a member of other newly identified classes of RNA have been suggested to have many different roles in signalling, protein processing and differentiation.

	* long non-coding RNA - (lncRNA) A class of RNA greater than 200bp in length that do not encode a protein product. ~~PMID~~ 26430155		* long non-coding RNA - (lncRNA) A class of RNA greater than 200bp in length that do not encode a protein product.{{#pmid:26430155\|PMID26430155}}
	* small nuclear RNA - (snRNA)		* small nuclear RNA - (snRNA)
	* small nucleolar RNA - (snoRNA)		* small nucleolar RNA - (snoRNA)
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	===Hearing===		===Hearing===

	~~Data below from a recent study of microRNAs in the human embryonic inner ear during Carnegie developmental stages {{CS13}}, {{CS14}} and {{CS15}}.{{#pmid:29373586\|PMID29373586}}~~

	* miR-183 family (miR-96, miR-182, and miR-183) are differentially expressed in the cochleovestibular ganglion compared to neural crest and otic vesicle at Carnegie stage {{CS13}}.		* miR-183 family (miR-96, miR-182, and miR-183) are differentially expressed in the cochleovestibular ganglion compared to neural crest and otic vesicle at Carnegie stage {{CS13}}. From a recent study of microRNAs in the human embryonic inner ear during Carnegie developmental stages {{CS13}}, {{CS14}} and {{CS15}}.{{#pmid:29373586\|PMID29373586}}

			* miR-194 regulates the development and differentiation of sensory patches and statoacoustic ganglion of inner ear by fgf4.
			From a recent study of microRNAs in the mouse embryonic inner ear.{{#pmid:29570699\|PMID29570699}}

Z8600021 at 02:33, 6 April 2018

2018-04-06T02:33:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:33, 6 April 2018
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	{{Molecular Links}}		{{Molecular Links}}
	==Some Recent Findings==		==Some Recent Findings==
			[[File:Human CS13-15 otic vesicle 01.jpg\|thumb\|Human CS13-15 otic vesicle.{{#pmid:29373586\|PMID29373586}}]]
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Z8600021 at 02:03, 6 April 2018

2018-04-06T02:03:19Z

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 * '''MicroRNA dynamics at the onset of primordial germ and somatic cells sex differentiation during mouse embryonic gonad development'''{{#pmid:29187591|PMID29187591}} "In mammals, commitment and specification of germ cell lines implies involves complex programs that include sex differentiation, control of proliferation and meiotic initiation. Regulation of these processes is genetically controlled by fine-tuned mechanisms of gene regulation in which microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved. We have characterized, by small-RNAseq and bioinformatics analyses, the miRNA expression patterns of male and female mouse Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) and gonadal somatic cells at embryonic stages: E11.5, E12.5 and E13.5. Differential expression analyses revealed differences in the regulation of key miRNA clusters such as miR-199-214, miR-182-183-96 and miR-34c-5p whose targets have defined roles during gonadal sexual determination in both germ and somatic cells." [[Primordial Germ Cell Development]]
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 * endogenous short-interfering RNA - (endo-siRNA)
 * microRNA - (miRNA)
 ==References==

Z8600021 at 08:50, 20 February 2018

2018-02-20T08:50:38Z

Show changes

Z8600021 at 08:43, 20 February 2018

2018-02-20T08:43:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:43, 20 February 2018
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	Five miRNAs show highest nucleolar concentration in myoblasts using the microarray assay, miR-340-5p, miR-351, miR-494, miR-664, or let-7e, are thought to be skeletal muscle-specific miRNAs (i.e., miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206 and perhaps miR-95, miR-128a, and miR-499).<ref><pubmed>19628621</pubmed></ref>		Five miRNAs show highest nucleolar concentration in myoblasts using the microarray assay, miR-340-5p, miR-351, miR-494, miR-664, or let-7e, are thought to be skeletal muscle-specific miRNAs (i.e., miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206 and perhaps miR-95, miR-128a, and miR-499).<ref><pubmed>19628621</pubmed></ref>


			==Sex Determination==

			microRNA shown in mouse genital development (miR-199-214, miR-182-183-96, and miR-34c-5p){{pmid:29187591\|PMID29187591}}


	===Other RNAs===		===Other RNAs===