Lecture - Endocrine Development - Revision history

Z8600021: /* Pineal Gland */

2018-09-03T23:48:27Z

Pineal Gland

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	\| [[File:Keith1902 fig167.jpg\|600px]]		\| [[File:Keith1902 fig167.jpg\|600px]]
	\| valign=top\|'''Pineal Development'''		\| valign=top\|'''Pineal Development'''
	* Neuroectoderm - prosenecephalon then diencephalon		* '''Neuroectoderm''' - prosenecephalon then diencephalon
	* caudal roof, median diverticulum, epiphysis		** caudal roof, median diverticulum, epiphysis
	* Initially a hollow diverticulum, cell proliferation to solid, pinealocytes (neuroglia), cone-shaped gland innervated by epithalamus		* Initially a hollow diverticulum, cell proliferation to solid, pinealocytes (neuroglia), cone-shaped gland innervated by epithalamus
	\|}		\|}
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	\|}		\|}

	:'''Links:''' ~~[[Endocrine -~~ Pineal ~~Development]]~~ \| [[Talk:BGD_Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development#Chapter_7._The_pituitary_gland\|Endocrinology]]		:'''Links:''' {{Pineal}} \| [[Talk:BGD_Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development#Chapter_7._The_pituitary_gland\|Endocrinology]]

	==Hypothalamus==		==Hypothalamus==

Z8600021: /* Hormone Types */

2018-09-03T23:47:39Z

Hormone Types

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	* '''Steroids''' - androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids		* '''Steroids''' - androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids

	[[File:Steroid biosynthesis pathway.png\|~~200px~~]]		[[File:Steroid biosynthesis pathway.png\|600px]]

	Steroid biosynthesis pathway		Steroid biosynthesis pathway

	===Hormone Actions===		===Hormone Actions===
	* '''Autocrine''' - acts on self (extracellular fluid)		* '''Autocrine''' - acts on self (extracellular fluid)

Z8600021: /* Hormones */

2018-09-03T23:47:22Z

Hormones

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	[[File:Steroid hormone receptor signaling.jpg\|thumb\|Steroid hormone receptor signaling{{#pmid:17464358\|PMID17464358}}]]		[[File:Steroid hormone receptor signaling.jpg\|thumb\|Steroid hormone receptor signaling{{#pmid:17464358\|PMID17464358}}]]
	===Hormone Types===		===Hormone Types===
	~~[[File:Steroid biosynthesis pathway.png\|thumb\|Steroid biosynthesis pathway]]~~
	* '''Amino acid derivatives''' - noradrenaline (norepinepherine), adrenalin (epinepherine) , thyroid hormone		* '''Amino acid derivatives''' - noradrenaline (norepinepherine), adrenalin (epinepherine) , thyroid hormone
	* '''Proteins, peptides''' - thyroid stimulating hormone, leutenising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone		* '''Proteins, peptides''' - thyroid stimulating hormone, leutenising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone
	* '''Steroids''' - androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids		* '''Steroids''' - androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids

			[[File:Steroid biosynthesis pathway.png\|200px]]

			Steroid biosynthesis pathway
	===Hormone Actions===		===Hormone Actions===
	* '''Autocrine''' - acts on self (extracellular fluid)		* '''Autocrine''' - acts on self (extracellular fluid)

Z8600021: /* Hormones */

2018-09-03T23:46:35Z

Hormones

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	==Hormones==		==Hormones==
	[[File:Steroid hormone receptor signaling.jpg\|thumb\|Steroid hormone receptor ~~signalingc17464358~~\|PMID17464358}}]]		[[File:Steroid hormone receptor signaling.jpg\|thumb\|Steroid hormone receptor signaling{{#pmid:17464358\|PMID17464358}}]]
	===Hormone Types===		===Hormone Types===
	[[File:Steroid biosynthesis pathway.png\|thumb\|Steroid biosynthesis pathway]]		[[File:Steroid biosynthesis pathway.png\|thumb\|Steroid biosynthesis pathway]]

Z8600021 at 23:40, 3 September 2018

2018-09-03T23:40:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:40, 4 September 2018
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	==Hormones==		==Hormones==
	[[File:Steroid hormone receptor signaling.jpg\|thumb\|Steroid hormone receptor ~~signaling<ref><pubmed>17464358</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1853070 PMC1853070] \| [http://www.nursa.org/article.cfm?doi=10.1621/nrs.05003 Nucl Recept Signal.]</ref>~~]]		[[File:Steroid hormone receptor signaling.jpg\|thumb\|Steroid hormone receptor signalingc17464358\|PMID17464358}}]]
	===Hormone Types===		===Hormone Types===
	[[File:Steroid biosynthesis pathway.png\|thumb\|Steroid biosynthesis pathway]]		[[File:Steroid biosynthesis pathway.png\|thumb\|Steroid biosynthesis pathway]]
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	{\|		{\|
	\| [[File:Fetal pineal gland 01.jpg\|400px]]		\| [[File:Fetal pineal gland 01.jpg\|400px]]
	\| valign=top\|Fetal Pineal Anatomy~~<ref name = PMID24757681><pubmed>~~24757681~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976832 PMC3976832] \| [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/868567 Biomed Res Int.]</ref>~~		\| valign=top\|Fetal Pineal Anatomy{{#pmid:24757681\|PMID24757681}}

	* Human fetus (3.5 month) superior (dorsal) view diencephalic-mesencephalic area.		* Human fetus (3.5 month) superior (dorsal) view diencephalic-mesencephalic area.
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	:'''Links:''' ~~[[Endocrine -~~ Pituitary ~~Development]]~~ \| [http://www.med.unc.edu/embryo_images/unit-nervous/nerv_htms/nerv016.htm Embryo Images - Pituitary] \| [[Talk:BGD_Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development#Chapter_7._The_pituitary_gland\|Endocrinology]]		:'''Links:''' {{Pituitary}} \| [http://www.med.unc.edu/embryo_images/unit-nervous/nerv_htms/nerv016.htm Embryo Images - Pituitary] \| [[Talk:BGD_Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development#Chapter_7._The_pituitary_gland\|Endocrinology]]

	==Thyroid==		==Thyroid==
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	* recent studies show that both high and low maternal thyroid hormone impact on neural development (PMID 26497402)		* recent studies show that both high and low maternal thyroid hormone impact on neural development (PMID 26497402)

	:'''Links:''' ~~[[Endocrine -~~ Thyroid ~~Development]]~~ \| [[Talk:BGD_Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development#Chapter_3._The_thyroid_gland\|Endocrinology]] \|
			:'''Links:''' {{Thyroid}} \| [[Talk:BGD_Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development#Chapter_3._The_thyroid_gland\|Endocrinology]] \|
	==Parathyroid==		==Parathyroid==
	{\|		{\|
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	\|}		\|}

	:'''Links:''' ~~[[Endocrine -~~ Parathyroid ~~Development]]~~ \| [[Talk:BGD_Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development#Chapter_5._The_parathyroid_glands_and_vitamin_D\|Endocrinology]]		:'''Links:''' {{Parathyroid}} \| [[Talk:BGD_Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development#Chapter_5._The_parathyroid_glands_and_vitamin_D\|Endocrinology]]
	==Thymus==		==Thymus==

	* Thymus - bone-marrow lymphocyte precursors become thymocytes, and subsequently mature into T lymphocytes (T cells)		* Thymus - bone-marrow lymphocyte precursors become thymocytes, and subsequently mature into T lymphocytes (T cells)
	* Thymus hormones - thymosins stimulate the development and differentiation of T lymphocytes		* Thymus hormones - thymosins stimulate the development and differentiation of T lymphocytes

	===Thymus Development===		===Thymus Development===
	{\|		{\|
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	* '''Week 6''' - diverticulum elongates, hollow then solid, ventral cell proliferation		* '''Week 6''' - diverticulum elongates, hollow then solid, ventral cell proliferation
	* '''Thymic primordia''' - surrounded by neural crest mesenchyme, epithelia/mesenchyme interaction		* '''Thymic primordia''' - surrounded by neural crest mesenchyme, epithelia/mesenchyme interaction
			* Postnatal - '''involution''', thymus regression after puberty.

	\| [[File:Gray1178.jpg\|300px]]		\| [[File:Gray1178.jpg\|300px]]

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	\|}		\|}

	:'''Links:''' ~~[[Endocrine -~~ Thymus ~~Development]]~~		:'''Links:''' {{Thymus}}

	==Pancreas==		==Pancreas==
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	:'''Links:''' ~~[[Endocrine -~~ Adrenal ~~Development]]~~ \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=endocrin&part=A442&rendertype=box&id=A466 Endocrinology - Adrenal Cortex Development] \| [[Talk:BGD_Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development#Chapter_4._The_adrenal_gland\|Endocrinology]]		:'''Links:''' {{Adrenal}} \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=endocrin&part=A442&rendertype=box&id=A466 Endocrinology - Adrenal Cortex Development] \| [[Talk:BGD_Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development#Chapter_4._The_adrenal_gland\|Endocrinology]]

	==Gonad==		==Gonad==
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	:'''Links:''' [[Endocrine - Other Tissues]]		:'''Links:''' [[Endocrine - Other Tissues]]


	==Endocrine Functional Changes==		==Endocrine Functional Changes==

Z8600021 at 23:31, 2 September 2018

2018-09-02T23:31:04Z

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	Hormones “orchestrate” responses in other tissues, including other endocrine organs, and these overall effects can be similar or different in different tissues. These signaling pathways are often described as "axes" the two major types are the: '''HPA''' ('''H'''ypothalamus-'''P'''ituitary-'''A'''drenal) and '''HPG''' ('''H'''ypothalamus-'''P'''ituitary-'''G'''onad). These hormone effects (like music) can be rapid, slow, brief, diurnal, or long-term. Hormone effects can be mimicked, stimulated, and blocked by therapeutic drugs, nutritional and environmental chemicals. Importantly, fetal endocrine development is required for normal fetal growth and differentiation.		Hormones “orchestrate” responses in other tissues, including other endocrine organs, and these overall effects can be similar or different in different tissues. These signaling pathways are often described as "axes" the two major types are the: '''HPA''' ('''H'''ypothalamus-'''P'''ituitary-'''A'''drenal) and '''HPG''' ('''H'''ypothalamus-'''P'''ituitary-'''G'''onad). These hormone effects (like music) can be rapid, slow, brief, diurnal, or long-term. Hormone effects can be mimicked, stimulated, and blocked by therapeutic drugs, nutritional and environmental chemicals. Importantly, fetal endocrine development is required for normal fetal growth and differentiation.


			<br>

			[[Media:ANAT2341Lecture 2018 - Endocrine Development.pdf\|2018 Lecture - Print PDF]]

	==Lecture Objectives==		==Lecture Objectives==
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	~~''"Long-term glycemic control using polymer-encapsulated human stem cell-derived beta cells in immune-competent mice."''~~		{{#pmid:26808346}}

	~~PMID~~ 26808346 ~~\| [http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v22/n3/full/nm.4030.html Nat Med.]~~

	Implanted in the intraperitoneal space of mice treated to chemically induce type 1 diabetes. Implants induced glycemic correction without any immunosuppression until their removal at 174 d after implantation. Human C-peptide concentrations and in vivo glucose responsiveness demonstrated therapeutically relevant glycemic control and retrieved implants contained viable insulin-producing cells.		Implanted in the intraperitoneal space of mice treated to chemically induce type 1 diabetes. Implants induced glycemic correction without any immunosuppression until their removal at 174 d after implantation. Human C-peptide concentrations and in vivo glucose responsiveness demonstrated therapeutically relevant glycemic control and retrieved implants contained viable insulin-producing cells.
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	~~''"Oral contraceptive exposure just before or during pregnancy does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of major birth defects."''~~		{{#pmid:26738512}}

	~~PMID~~ 26738512 ~~\| [http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h6712 BMJ]~~


	:'''Links:''' [[Menstrual Cycle]] \| [[Abnormal_Development_-_Drugs\|Abnormal Development]]		:'''Links:''' [[Menstrual Cycle]] \| [[Abnormal_Development_-_Drugs\|Abnormal Development]]

Z8600021 at 11:18, 1 September 2018

2018-09-01T11:18:33Z

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 Hormones “orchestrate” responses in other tissues, including other endocrine organs, and these overall effects can be similar or different in different tissues. These signaling pathways are often described as "axes" the two major types are the: '''HPA''' ('''H'''ypothalamus-'''P'''ituitary-'''A'''drenal) and  '''HPG''' ('''H'''ypothalamus-'''P'''ituitary-'''G'''onad). These hormone effects (like music) can be rapid, slow, brief, diurnal, or long-term. Hormone effects can be mimicked, stimulated, and blocked by therapeutic drugs, nutritional and environmental chemicals. Importantly, fetal endocrine development is required for normal fetal growth and differentiation.
 ==Lecture Objectives==
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 {{UNSW textbook - Larsen's Human Embryology}}
 {{UNSW textbook - The Developing Human}}
 |}

Z8600021 at 11:17, 1 September 2018

2018-09-01T11:17:49Z

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	\|		\|
	{{Endocrine Links}}		{{Endocrine Links}}
	* Lecture Archive: [[Media:Lecture 2016 - Endocrine Development.pdf\|2016 PDF]] \| [https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development&oldid=198711 2015] \| [[Media:2015ANAT2341_Lecture_13_-_Endocrine Development.pdf\|2015 PDF]][https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development&oldid=144833 2014]		* Lecture Archive: [https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development&oldid=340760 2017] \| [[Media:Lecture 2016 - Endocrine Development.pdf\|2016 PDF]] \| [https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development&oldid=198711 2015] \| [[Media:2015ANAT2341_Lecture_13_-_Endocrine Development.pdf\|2015 PDF]][https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Lecture_-_Endocrine_Development&oldid=144833 2014]
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan=2\|The endocrine "System" is not covered by a specific chapter in the embryology textbooks and you will need to look for related chapters on the development of individual components (some selected examples are listed below). Use the listed Endocrinology textbook for detained descriptions of function.		\| colspan=2\|The endocrine "System" is not covered by a specific chapter in the embryology textbooks and you will need to look for related chapters on the development of individual components (some selected examples are listed below). Use the listed Endocrinology textbook for detained descriptions of function.
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	{{~~2017ANAT2341 footer~~}}		{{2018ANAT2341}}
	[[Category:Endocrine]] [[Category:Adrenal]] [[Category:Thyroid]] [[Category:Parathyroid]] [[Category:Pituitary]] [[Category:Pancreas]] [[Category:Genital]]		[[Category:Endocrine]] [[Category:Adrenal]] [[Category:Thyroid]] [[Category:Parathyroid]] [[Category:Pituitary]] [[Category:Pancreas]] [[Category:Genital]]

Z8600021 at 23:02, 21 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-21T23:02:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:02, 22 Mayıs 2018
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	Click to play new window - [[Media:2016Lecture-Endocrine.mp4\|'''2016 Lecture Video''']] (48 MB)		Click to play new window - [[Media:2016Lecture-Endocrine.mp4\|'''2016 Lecture Video''']] (48 MB)
	\|}		\|}


	==Lecture Objectives==		==Lecture Objectives==

Z8600021 at 02:38, 5 October 2017

2017-10-05T02:38:23Z

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	[[File:Week10 adrenal.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Human adrenal gland ([[Second_Trimester\|Week 10]])]]		[[File:Week10 adrenal.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Human adrenal gland ([[Second_Trimester\|Week 10]])]]
	The endocrine system resides within specific endocrine organs and both organs and tissues with other specific functions. Epithelia (ectoderm and endoderm) form the majority of the “ductless” endocrine glands like gastrointestinal and skin associated “ducted” glands. Differentiation of several also organs involves a epithelial/mesenchye interaction, seen in repeated in many differentiation of many different tissues. The endocrine glands produce hormones, which are distributed by the vascular system to the many body tissues, subsequently these organs are richly vascularized.		The endocrine system resides within specific endocrine organs and both organs and tissues with other specific functions. Epithelia (ectoderm and endoderm) form the majority of the “ductless” endocrine glands like gastrointestinal and skin associated “ducted” glands. Differentiation of several also organs involves a epithelial/mesenchye interaction, seen in repeated in many differentiation of many different tissues. The endocrine glands produce hormones, which are distributed by the vascular system to the many body tissues, subsequently these organs are richly vascularized.


	~~{{2017ANAT2341draftnotice}}~~