Integumentary System Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 04:05, 10 November 2019

2019-11-10T04:05:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:05, 10 November 2019
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	* '''The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development'''{{#pmid:19422424\|PMID19422424}} "Three types of tetrapod integumentary elements are recognized: (1) osteoderms, common to representatives of most major taxonomic lineages; (2) dermal scales, unique to gymnophionans; and (3) the lamina calcarea, an enigmatic tissue found only in some anurans."		* '''The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development'''{{#pmid:19422424\|PMID19422424}} "Three types of tetrapod integumentary elements are recognized: (1) osteoderms, common to representatives of most major taxonomic lineages; (2) dermal scales, unique to gymnophionans; and (3) the lamina calcarea, an enigmatic tissue found only in some anurans."

	* '''Skin transcriptome reveals the dynamic changes in the Wnt pathway during integument morphogenesis of chick embryos'''{{#pmid:29351308\|PMID29351308}} "Avian species have a unique integument covered with feathers. Skin morphogenesis is a successive and complex process. To date, most studies have focused on a single developmental point or stage. ...Hierarchical clustering showed that E6 to E14 is the critical period of feather follicle morphogenesis. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the DEGs, two kinds of Wnt signaling pathways (a canonical pathway and a non-canonical pathway) changed during feather follicle and feather morphogenesis. The gene expression level of inhibitors and ligands related to the Wnt signaling pathway varied significantly during embryonic development. The results revealed a staggered phase relationship between the canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathway from E9 to E14." [[Chicken Development]]


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	\|-		\|-
	\| {{Older papers}}		\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''Skin transcriptome reveals the dynamic changes in the Wnt pathway during integument morphogenesis of chick embryos'''{{#pmid:29351308\|PMID29351308}} "Avian species have a unique integument covered with feathers. Skin morphogenesis is a successive and complex process. To date, most studies have focused on a single developmental point or stage. ...Hierarchical clustering showed that E6 to E14 is the critical period of feather follicle morphogenesis. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the DEGs, two kinds of Wnt signaling pathways (a canonical pathway and a non-canonical pathway) changed during feather follicle and feather morphogenesis. The gene expression level of inhibitors and ligands related to the Wnt signaling pathway varied significantly during embryonic development. The results revealed a staggered phase relationship between the canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathway from E9 to E14." [[Chicken Development]]

	\|}		\|}
	== Textbooks ==		== Textbooks ==

Z8600021 at 04:04, 10 November 2019

2019-11-10T04:04:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 10 November 2019
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	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Integumentary+Embryology ''Integumentary Embryology'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Integumentary+Embryology ''Integumentary Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Integumentary+Development ''Integumentary Development'']

	~~<pubmed limit~~=~~5>Integumentary Embryology</pubmed>~~		\|}
			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! Older papers
			\|-
			\| {{Older papers}}
	\|}		\|}
	== Textbooks ==		== Textbooks ==

Z8600021 at 03:35, 27 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-27T03:35:54Z

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 * Other cords elongate and coil to form sweat glands.
 * Cords in mammary region branch as they elongate to form mammary glands. These glands will complete development in females at puberty. Functional maturity only occurs in late pregnancy.
 ==Embryonic and Fetal Epidermis==

Z8600021 at 00:53, 9 August 2018

2018-08-09T00:53:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:53, 9 August 2018
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	* Ectoderm contributes to nails, hair follictles and glands.		* Ectoderm contributes to nails, hair follictles and glands.
	* Nails form as thickening of ectoderm epidermis at the tips of fingers and toes. These form germinative cells of nail field.		* Nails form as thickening of ectoderm epidermis at the tips of fingers and toes. These form germinative cells of nail field.
	* Cords of these cells extend into mesoderm forming epithelial columns. These form hair ~~follocles~~, sebaceous and sweat glands.		* Cords of these cells extend into mesoderm forming epithelial columns. These form hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands.

	===5 months===		===5 months===
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	:'''Links:''' {{integumentary gland}}		:'''Links:''' {{vernix caseosa}} \| {{integumentary gland}}

Z8600021 at 00:16, 9 August 2018

2018-08-09T00:16:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:16, 9 August 2018
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	:'''Links:''' {{gland}}		:'''Links:''' {{integumentary gland}}


	== Adult Epidermal Stem Cells==		== Adult Epidermal Stem Cells==
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	==Keratin==		==Keratin==
	[[File:Intermediate Filament family.jpg\|thumb\|Intermediate Filament protein family]]		[[File:Intermediate Filament family.jpg\|thumb\|Intermediate Filament protein family]]
	Cytoskeleton intermediate filament protein of epithelial cells required for cell mechanical stability and integrity, humans have 54 functional keratin genes. The α-keratins are expressed in all vertebrates, while the β-keratins are specific to birds and reptiles.~~<ref name=~~PMID25496280~~><pubmed>25496280</pubmed></ref>~~		Cytoskeleton intermediate filament protein of epithelial cells required for cell mechanical stability and integrity, humans have 54 functional keratin genes. The α-keratins are expressed in all vertebrates, while the β-keratins are specific to birds and reptiles.{{#pmid:25496280\|PMID25496280}}

	{\|		{\|
			\|+ Integumentary Keratin Expression
			\|-
	! Cell layer		! Cell layer
	! Expression		! Expression
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	==Terms==		==Terms==
	{{Integumentary terms}}		{{Integumentary terms}}

			==External Links==
			{{External Links}}

Z8600021 at 00:11, 9 August 2018

2018-08-09T00:11:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:11, 9 August 2018
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	* lingual epithelium CK7-positive stratum corneum as well as the thick mesenchymal papilla.		* lingual epithelium CK7-positive stratum corneum as well as the thick mesenchymal papilla.

			<div id="Vernix Caseosa"></div>
	==Vernix Caseosa==		==Vernix Caseosa==
	[[File:Newborn - vernix caseosa.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Newborn vernix caseosa\|Newborn vernix caseosa]]		[[File:Newborn - vernix caseosa.jpg\|thumb\|alt=Newborn vernix caseosa\|Newborn vernix caseosa]]
	~~Has~~ several different potential functions and a variable composition.{{#pmid:11069626\|PMID11069626}}		The {{vernix caseosa}} has several different potential functions and a variable composition.{{#pmid:11069626\|PMID11069626}}
	* a highly variable coating of the fetal skin		* a highly variable coating of the fetal skin
	* high water content (80%) largely compartmentalized within fetal corneocytes (cells forming the stratum corneum)		* high water content (80%) largely compartmentalized within fetal corneocytes (cells forming the stratum corneum)
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	* primarily composed of sebum, cells that have sloughed off the fetus's skin and shed lanugo hair		* primarily composed of sebum, cells that have sloughed off the fetus's skin and shed lanugo hair
	* can be absent in preterm infants		* can be absent in preterm infants
	* dehydration and rehydration processes occur two to four times faster at 37 degrees celcius than at room temperature~~<ref><pubmed>~~17671513~~</pubmed></ref>~~		* dehydration and rehydration processes occur two to four times faster at 37 degrees celcius than at room temperature{{#pmid:17671513\|PMID17671513}}
	* towards term fragments of vernix can mix into the amniotic fluid resulting in (normal) turbidity		* towards term fragments of vernix can mix into the amniotic fluid resulting in (normal) turbidity
	* fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid mixed with fragments of vernix can also occur		* fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid mixed with fragments of vernix can also occur
			* cathelicidin LL-37, alpha-defensins, and LL-37 in neutrophils.{{#pmid:15565791\|PMID15565791}}


			:'''Links:''' {{gland}}
	:'''Links:''' ~~[[Integumentary_System_-_Gland_Development\|Gland Development]]~~

	== Adult Epidermal Stem Cells==		== Adult Epidermal Stem Cells==

Z8600021 at 02:45, 12 Mayıs 2018

2018-05-12T02:45:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:45, 12 Mayıs 2018
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	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
	[[File:Skin structure cartoon.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Skin Cartoon]]		[[File:Skin structure cartoon.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Skin Cartoon]]
	The integumentary system covers the surface of the embryo (skin) and its specialized skin structures including hair, nails, sweat glands, mammary glands and teeth. As a system it has contributions from all embryonic layers.		The {{integumentary}} system covers the surface of the embryo (skin) and its specialized skin structures including hair, nails, sweat glands, mammary glands and teeth. As a system it has contributions from all embryonic layers.

Z8600021 at 04:10, 15 April 2018

2018-04-15T04:10:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:10, 15 April 2018
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	* '''Comparison between human fetal and adult skin'''{{#pmid:19701759\|PMID19701759}} Healing of early-gestation fetal wounds results in scarless healing. Since the capacity for regeneration is probably inherent to the fetal skin itself, knowledge of the fetal skin composition may contribute to the understanding of fetal wound healing. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profiles of different epidermal and dermal components in the human fetal and adult skin."		* '''Comparison between human fetal and adult skin'''{{#pmid:19701759\|PMID19701759}} Healing of early-gestation fetal wounds results in scarless healing. Since the capacity for regeneration is probably inherent to the fetal skin itself, knowledge of the fetal skin composition may contribute to the understanding of fetal wound healing. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profiles of different epidermal and dermal components in the human fetal and adult skin."

	* '''The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development'''{{#pmid:19422424\|~~19422424~~}} "Three types of tetrapod integumentary elements are recognized: (1) osteoderms, common to representatives of most major taxonomic lineages; (2) dermal scales, unique to gymnophionans; and (3) the lamina calcarea, an enigmatic tissue found only in some anurans."		* '''The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development'''{{#pmid:19422424\|PMID19422424}} "Three types of tetrapod integumentary elements are recognized: (1) osteoderms, common to representatives of most major taxonomic lineages; (2) dermal scales, unique to gymnophionans; and (3) the lamina calcarea, an enigmatic tissue found only in some anurans."

	* '''Skin transcriptome reveals the dynamic changes in the Wnt pathway during integument morphogenesis of chick embryos'''{{#pmid:29351308\|PMID29351308}} "Avian species have a unique integument covered with feathers. Skin morphogenesis is a successive and complex process. To date, most studies have focused on a single developmental point or stage. ...Hierarchical clustering showed that E6 to E14 is the critical period of feather follicle morphogenesis. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the DEGs, two kinds of Wnt signaling pathways (a canonical pathway and a non-canonical pathway) changed during feather follicle and feather morphogenesis. The gene expression level of inhibitors and ligands related to the Wnt signaling pathway varied significantly during embryonic development. The results revealed a staggered phase relationship between the canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathway from E9 to E14." [[Chicken Development]]		* '''Skin transcriptome reveals the dynamic changes in the Wnt pathway during integument morphogenesis of chick embryos'''{{#pmid:29351308\|PMID29351308}} "Avian species have a unique integument covered with feathers. Skin morphogenesis is a successive and complex process. To date, most studies have focused on a single developmental point or stage. ...Hierarchical clustering showed that E6 to E14 is the critical period of feather follicle morphogenesis. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the DEGs, two kinds of Wnt signaling pathways (a canonical pathway and a non-canonical pathway) changed during feather follicle and feather morphogenesis. The gene expression level of inhibitors and ligands related to the Wnt signaling pathway varied significantly during embryonic development. The results revealed a staggered phase relationship between the canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathway from E9 to E14." [[Chicken Development]]

Z8600021 at 04:10, 15 April 2018

2018-04-15T04:10:08Z

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 |-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
+|
 * '''Comparison between human fetal and adult skin'''{{#pmid:19701759|PMID19701759}} Healing of early-gestation fetal wounds results in scarless healing. Since the capacity for regeneration is probably inherent to the fetal skin itself, knowledge of the fetal skin composition may contribute to the understanding of fetal wound healing. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profiles of different epidermal and dermal components in the human fetal and adult skin."
-* '''The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development'''<ref><pubmed>19422424</pubmed></ref> "Three types of tetrapod integumentary elements are recognized: (1) osteoderms, common to representatives of most major taxonomic lineages; (2) dermal scales, unique to gymnophionans; and (3) the lamina calcarea, an enigmatic tissue found only in some anurans."
 * '''Skin transcriptome reveals the dynamic changes in the Wnt pathway during integument morphogenesis of chick embryos'''{{#pmid:29351308|PMID29351308}} "Avian species have a unique integument covered with feathers. Skin morphogenesis is a successive and complex process. To date, most studies have focused on a single developmental point or stage. ...Hierarchical clustering showed that E6 to E14 is the critical period of feather follicle morphogenesis. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the DEGs, two kinds of Wnt signaling pathways (a canonical pathway and a non-canonical pathway) changed during feather follicle and feather morphogenesis. The gene expression level of inhibitors and ligands related to the Wnt signaling pathway varied significantly during embryonic development. The results revealed a staggered phase relationship between the canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathway from E9 to E14." [[Chicken Development]]
@@ Line 116: / Line 119: @@
 * Hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate both higher.
 * Elastin was not present (found in adult skin).
 ==Vernix Caseosa==

Z8600021 at 00:10, 6 March 2018

2018-03-06T00:10:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:10, 6 March 2018
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	== Development Overview ==		== Development Overview ==
	~~[[File:Human-_Stage_22_integument_02.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Human Embryo (Week 8, [[Carnegie_stage_22\|Stage 22]]) Integument]]~~
	Ectoderm and Mesoderm Origin		Ectoderm and Mesoderm Origin

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	===1-3 months===		===1-3 months===
			{\|
			\|
	* ectoderm - germinative (basal) cell repeated division of generates stratified epithelium.		* ectoderm - germinative (basal) cell repeated division of generates stratified epithelium.
	* mesoderm - differentiates into connective tissue and blood vessels.		* mesoderm - differentiates into connective tissue and blood vessels.
	* '''week 11''' - ({{GA}} week 13) blood vessels visible in the early fetal skin, small blood vessels in the upper papillary region and larger vessels in the deep reticular dermis.{{#pmid:19701759\|PMID19701759}}		* '''week 11''' - ({{GA}} week 13) blood vessels visible in the early fetal skin, small blood vessels in the upper papillary region and larger vessels in the deep reticular dermis.{{#pmid:19701759\|PMID19701759}}
			\| [[File:Human-_Stage_22_integument_02.jpg\|300px]]

			Integument Human Embryo (Week 8, [[Carnegie_stage_22\|Stage 22]])
			\|}
	===4 months===		===4 months===
	[[File:Fetal_integumentary_histology_01.jpg]]		[[File:Fetal_integumentary_histology_01.jpg]]