Immune System - Antibody Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 00:25, 18 February 2019

2019-02-18T00:25:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:25, 18 February 2019
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	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Antibody+Embryology ''Antibody Embryology'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Antibody+Embryology ''Antibody Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Antibody+Development ''Antibody Development'']

	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 01:18, 14 Ocak 2019

2019-01-14T01:18:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:18, 14 Ocak 2019
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	* '''The development of intestinal lymphoid tissues at the interface of self and microbiota'''{{#pmid:19741595\|PMID19741595}} "(postnatal) Intestinal lymphoid tissues face the challenging task of inducing adaptive immunity to pathogens, yet maintaining homeostasis with the enormous commensal microbiota. To that aim, the ancient partnership between self and flora has resulted in the generation of a unique set of lymphoid tissues capable of constant large-scale reformatting. A first set of lymphoid tissues, the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, are programmed to develop in the sterile environment of the fetus, whereas a second set of lymphoid tissues, the tertiary lymphoid tissues, are induced to form by the microbiota and inflammation."		* '''The development of intestinal lymphoid tissues at the interface of self and microbiota'''{{#pmid:19741595\|PMID19741595}} "(postnatal) Intestinal lymphoid tissues face the challenging task of inducing adaptive immunity to pathogens, yet maintaining homeostasis with the enormous commensal microbiota. To that aim, the ancient partnership between self and flora has resulted in the generation of a unique set of lymphoid tissues capable of constant large-scale reformatting. A first set of lymphoid tissues, the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, are programmed to develop in the sterile environment of the fetus, whereas a second set of lymphoid tissues, the tertiary lymphoid tissues, are induced to form by the microbiota and inflammation."

	* '''Ordering human CD34+CD10-CD19+ pre/pro-B-cell and CD19- common lymphoid progenitor stages in two pro-B-cell development pathways.'''{{#pmid:20231472\|PMID20231472}}"Here, we show a similar divergence in human B-cell development pathways between the Pax5(+)TdT(-) pre/pro-B differentiation pathway that gives rise to infant B-lineage leukemias and the early-B pathway."

	* '''Epithelial cells in fetal intestine produce chemerin to recruit macrophages.'''{{#pmid:19443732\|PMID19443732}} "Macrophages are first seen in the fetal intestine at 11-12 wk and rapidly increase in number during the 12- to 22-wk period of gestation. The development of macrophage populations in the fetal intestine precedes the appearance of lymphocytes and neutrophils and does not require the presence of dietary or microbial antigens."

	* '''Ontogeny of reticular framework of white pulp and marginal zone in human spleen: immunohistochemical studies of fetal spleens from the 17th to 40th week of gestation.'''{{#pmid:19255788\|PMID19255788}} "The reticular framework of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), lymph follicle (LF), and marginal zone (MZ) is thus heterogeneous in the fetal spleen, and the development of the heterogeneity is related to the ontogeny of the PALS, LF, and MZ."

	\|}		\|}

	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
	! More recent papers		! More recent papers
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}
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	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Antibody+Embryology ''Antibody Embryology'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Antibody+Embryology ''Antibody Embryology'']

	~~<pubmed limit~~=~~5>Antibody Embryology<~~/~~pubmed>~~		\|}
			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! Older papers
			\|-
			\| {{Older papers}}
			* '''Ordering human CD34+CD10-CD19+ pre/pro-B-cell and CD19- common lymphoid progenitor stages in two pro-B-cell development pathways.'''{{#pmid:20231472\|PMID20231472}}"Here, we show a similar divergence in human B-cell development pathways between the Pax5(+)TdT(-) pre/pro-B differentiation pathway that gives rise to infant B-lineage leukemias and the early-B pathway."

			* '''Epithelial cells in fetal intestine produce chemerin to recruit macrophages.'''{{#pmid:19443732\|PMID19443732}} "Macrophages are first seen in the fetal intestine at 11-12 wk and rapidly increase in number during the 12- to 22-wk period of gestation. The development of macrophage populations in the fetal intestine precedes the appearance of lymphocytes and neutrophils and does not require the presence of dietary or microbial antigens."

			* '''Ontogeny of reticular framework of white pulp and marginal zone in human spleen: immunohistochemical studies of fetal spleens from the 17th to 40th week of gestation.'''{{#pmid:19255788\|PMID19255788}} "The reticular framework of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), lymph follicle (LF), and marginal zone (MZ) is thus heterogeneous in the fetal spleen, and the development of the heterogeneity is related to the ontogeny of the PALS, LF, and MZ."
	\|}		\|}
	==T Lymphocyte Development==		==T Lymphocyte Development==

Z8600021 at 03:23, 12 March 2018

2018-03-12T03:23:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 12 March 2018
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	{{Header}}		{{Header}}
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	[[File:Lymphatic_vessel_development.jpg\|thumb\|Lymphatic vessel development~~<ref><pubmed>~~19138383~~</pubmed>\| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646268 PMC2646268]~~ \| ~~[http://genomebiology.com/2008/9/12/243 Genome Biology]</ref>~~]]		[[File:Lymphatic_vessel_development.jpg\|thumb\|Lymphatic vessel development{{#pmid:19138383\|PMID19138383}}]]

	[[File:Stage 22 image 169.jpg\|thumb\|Developing Human Thymus ([[Carnegie stage 22\|stage 22]])]]		[[File:Stage 22 image 169.jpg\|thumb\|Developing Human Thymus ([[Carnegie stage 22\|stage 22]])]]
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	\|		\|
	* '''The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine''' [http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/ 2011] Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann ''for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity'' and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman ''for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity''.		* '''The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine''' [http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/ 2011] Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann ''for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity'' and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman ''for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity''.
	* '''Regulation of lymphatic-blood vessel separation by endothelial Rac1.'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~19906871~~</pubmed></ref>~~ "Sprouting angiogenesis and lymphatic-blood vessel segregation both involve the migration of endothelial cells, but the precise migratory molecules that govern the decision of blood vascular endothelial cells to segregate into lymphatic vasculature are unknown."
	* '''The development of intestinal lymphoid tissues at the interface of self and microbiota'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~19741595~~</pubmed></ref>~~ "(postnatal) Intestinal lymphoid tissues face the challenging task of inducing adaptive immunity to pathogens, yet maintaining homeostasis with the enormous commensal microbiota. To that aim, the ancient partnership between self and flora has resulted in the generation of a unique set of lymphoid tissues capable of constant large-scale reformatting. A first set of lymphoid tissues, the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, are programmed to develop in the sterile environment of the fetus, whereas a second set of lymphoid tissues, the tertiary lymphoid tissues, are induced to form by the microbiota and inflammation."		* '''Regulation of lymphatic-blood vessel separation by endothelial Rac1.'''{{#pmid:19906871\|PMID19906871}} "Sprouting angiogenesis and lymphatic-blood vessel segregation both involve the migration of endothelial cells, but the precise migratory molecules that govern the decision of blood vascular endothelial cells to segregate into lymphatic vasculature are unknown."
	* '''Ordering human CD34+CD10-CD19+ pre/pro-B-cell and CD19- common lymphoid progenitor stages in two pro-B-cell development pathways.'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~20231472~~</pubmed></ref>~~"Here, we show a similar divergence in human B-cell development pathways between the Pax5(+)TdT(-) pre/pro-B differentiation pathway that gives rise to infant B-lineage leukemias and the early-B pathway."
	* '''Epithelial cells in fetal intestine produce chemerin to recruit macrophages.'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~19443732~~</pubmed></ref>~~ "Macrophages are first seen in the fetal intestine at 11-12 wk and rapidly increase in number during the 12- to 22-wk period of gestation. The development of macrophage populations in the fetal intestine precedes the appearance of lymphocytes and neutrophils and does not require the presence of dietary or microbial antigens."		* '''The development of intestinal lymphoid tissues at the interface of self and microbiota'''{{#pmid:19741595\|PMID19741595}} "(postnatal) Intestinal lymphoid tissues face the challenging task of inducing adaptive immunity to pathogens, yet maintaining homeostasis with the enormous commensal microbiota. To that aim, the ancient partnership between self and flora has resulted in the generation of a unique set of lymphoid tissues capable of constant large-scale reformatting. A first set of lymphoid tissues, the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, are programmed to develop in the sterile environment of the fetus, whereas a second set of lymphoid tissues, the tertiary lymphoid tissues, are induced to form by the microbiota and inflammation."
	* '''Ontogeny of reticular framework of white pulp and marginal zone in human spleen: immunohistochemical studies of fetal spleens from the 17th to 40th week of gestation.''' ~~<ref><pubmed>~~19255788~~</pubmed></ref>~~ "The reticular framework of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), lymph follicle (LF), and marginal zone (MZ) is thus heterogeneous in the fetal spleen, and the development of the heterogeneity is related to the ontogeny of the PALS, LF, and MZ."
			* '''Ordering human CD34+CD10-CD19+ pre/pro-B-cell and CD19- common lymphoid progenitor stages in two pro-B-cell development pathways.'''{{#pmid:20231472\|PMID20231472}}"Here, we show a similar divergence in human B-cell development pathways between the Pax5(+)TdT(-) pre/pro-B differentiation pathway that gives rise to infant B-lineage leukemias and the early-B pathway."

			* '''Epithelial cells in fetal intestine produce chemerin to recruit macrophages.'''{{#pmid:19443732\|PMID19443732}} "Macrophages are first seen in the fetal intestine at 11-12 wk and rapidly increase in number during the 12- to 22-wk period of gestation. The development of macrophage populations in the fetal intestine precedes the appearance of lymphocytes and neutrophils and does not require the presence of dietary or microbial antigens."

			* '''Ontogeny of reticular framework of white pulp and marginal zone in human spleen: immunohistochemical studies of fetal spleens from the 17th to 40th week of gestation.'''{{#pmid:19255788\|PMID19255788}} "The reticular framework of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), lymph follicle (LF), and marginal zone (MZ) is thus heterogeneous in the fetal spleen, and the development of the heterogeneity is related to the ontogeny of the PALS, LF, and MZ."

	\|}		\|}
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	==T Lymphocyte Development==		==T Lymphocyte Development==

	A study of cord blood from 19 early second and third trimester fetuses (GA 18-36 weeks) and 16 term newborns (GA 37-42 weeks).~~<ref><pubmed>~~12165087~~</pubmed></ref>~~		A study of cord blood from 19 early second and third trimester fetuses (GA 18-36 weeks) and 16 term newborns (GA 37-42 weeks).{{#pmid:12165087\|PMID12165087}}
	* Percentage of lymphocytes in fetal white blood cells was 79.3%, reducing to 40% by term birth		* Percentage of lymphocytes in fetal white blood cells was 79.3%, reducing to 40% by term birth
	** higher than that of adults.		** higher than that of adults.
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	===Reviews===		===Reviews===
	~~<pubmed>~~21071706~~</pubmed>~~		{{#pmid:21071706}}

	===Articles===		===Articles===

Z8600021 at 01:37, 21 February 2016

2016-02-21T01:37:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:37, 21 February 2016
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	\|}		\|}

	[[~~Talk~~:~~Immune_System_Development\|Recent References]]~~ \| ~~[[#References~~\|~~References~~]]		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
			! More recent papers
			\|-
			\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

			Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Antibody+Embryology ''Antibody Embryology'']

			<pubmed limit=5>Antibody Embryology</pubmed>
			\|}
	==T Lymphocyte Development==		==T Lymphocyte Development==

Z8600021 at 01:34, 21 February 2016

2016-02-21T01:34:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:34, 21 February 2016
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	During prenatal development, maternal IgG antibodies are transferred from about week 13 (GA) across the placenta, from the maternal lacunae syncytiotrophoblast cell endosomes bind IgG through neonatal Fc receptors.		During prenatal development, maternal IgG antibodies are transferred from about week 13 (GA) across the placenta, from the maternal lacunae syncytiotrophoblast cell endosomes bind IgG through neonatal Fc receptors.

	:{{~~Template:~~Immune Links}}		{{Immune Links}}

	==Some Recent Findings==		==Some Recent Findings==
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	===Articles===		===Articles===



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	'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Fetal Antibody%20 Fetal Antibody] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=embryo%20Immune%20System%20Development Embryo Immune System Development]		'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Fetal Antibody%20 Fetal Antibody] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=embryo%20Immune%20System%20Development Embryo Immune System Development]

			==Terms==
			{{immune terms}}

	{{Glossary}}		{{Glossary}}

Z8600021 at 10:32, 11 March 2014

2014-03-11T10:32:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:32, 11 March 2014
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			{{Header}}
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	[[File:Lymphatic_vessel_development.jpg\|thumb\|Lymphatic vessel development<ref><pubmed>19138383</pubmed>\| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646268 PMC2646268] \| [http://genomebiology.com/2008/9/12/243 Genome Biology]</ref>]]		[[File:Lymphatic_vessel_development.jpg\|thumb\|Lymphatic vessel development<ref><pubmed>19138383</pubmed>\| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646268 PMC2646268] \| [http://genomebiology.com/2008/9/12/243 Genome Biology]</ref>]]
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	{{Glossary}}		{{Glossary}}


	{{Footer}}		{{Footer}}

Z8600021: Created page with "==Introduction== [[File:Lymphatic_vessel_development.jpg|thumb|Lymphatic vessel development19138383| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646268..."

2013-01-02T00:32:45Z

Created page with "==Introduction== [[File:Lymphatic_vessel_development.jpg|thumb|Lymphatic vessel development<ref><pubmed>19138383</pubmed>| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646268..."

New page

==Introduction==
[[File:Lymphatic_vessel_development.jpg|thumb|Lymphatic vessel development<ref><pubmed>19138383</pubmed>| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646268 PMC2646268] | [http://genomebiology.com/2008/9/12/243 Genome Biology]</ref>]]

[[File:Stage 22 image 169.jpg|thumb|Developing Human Thymus ([[Carnegie stage 22|stage 22]])]]
Development of the immune system will also link to cardiovascular development notes (blood and vessel) and bone marrow development. Two organs which also relate to this system are the thymus and spleen, which have in the past been included in endocrine and gastrointestinal tract development respectively. There are now also movies showing lymphocyte (B and T cells) traffic within adult lymph nodes.

During prenatal development, maternal IgG antibodies are transferred from about week 13 (GA) across the placenta, from the maternal lacunae syncytiotrophoblast cell endosomes bind IgG through neonatal Fc receptors.

:{{Template:Immune Links}}

==Some Recent Findings==
{|
|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
|
* '''The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine''' [http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2011/ 2011] Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann ''for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity'' and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman ''for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity''.
* '''Regulation of lymphatic-blood vessel separation by endothelial Rac1.'''<ref><pubmed>19906871</pubmed></ref> "Sprouting angiogenesis and lymphatic-blood vessel segregation both involve the migration of endothelial cells, but the precise migratory molecules that govern the decision of blood vascular endothelial cells to segregate into lymphatic vasculature are unknown."
* '''The development of intestinal lymphoid tissues at the interface of self and microbiota'''<ref><pubmed>19741595</pubmed></ref> "(postnatal) Intestinal lymphoid tissues face the challenging task of inducing adaptive immunity to pathogens, yet maintaining homeostasis with the enormous commensal microbiota. To that aim, the ancient partnership between self and flora has resulted in the generation of a unique set of lymphoid tissues capable of constant large-scale reformatting. A first set of lymphoid tissues, the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, are programmed to develop in the sterile environment of the fetus, whereas a second set of lymphoid tissues, the tertiary lymphoid tissues, are induced to form by the microbiota and inflammation."
* '''Ordering human CD34+CD10-CD19+ pre/pro-B-cell and CD19- common lymphoid progenitor stages in two pro-B-cell development pathways.'''<ref><pubmed>20231472</pubmed></ref>"Here, we show a similar divergence in human B-cell development pathways between the Pax5(+)TdT(-) pre/pro-B differentiation pathway that gives rise to infant B-lineage leukemias and the early-B pathway."
* '''Epithelial cells in fetal intestine produce chemerin to recruit macrophages.'''<ref><pubmed>19443732</pubmed></ref> "Macrophages are first seen in the fetal intestine at 11-12 wk and rapidly increase in number during the 12- to 22-wk period of gestation. The development of macrophage populations in the fetal intestine precedes the appearance of lymphocytes and neutrophils and does not require the presence of dietary or microbial antigens."
* '''Ontogeny of reticular framework of white pulp and marginal zone in human spleen: immunohistochemical studies of fetal spleens from the 17th to 40th week of gestation.''' <ref><pubmed>19255788</pubmed></ref> "The reticular framework of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), lymph follicle (LF), and marginal zone (MZ) is thus heterogeneous in the fetal spleen, and the development of the heterogeneity is related to the ontogeny of the PALS, LF, and MZ."

|}

[[Talk:Immune_System_Development|Recent References]] | [[#References|References]]

==T Lymphocyte Development==

A study of cord blood from 19 early second and third trimester fetuses (GA 18-36 weeks) and 16 term newborns (GA 37-42 weeks).<ref><pubmed>12165087</pubmed></ref>
* Percentage of lymphocytes in fetal white blood cells was 79.3%, reducing to 40% by term birth
** higher than that of adults.
* Mononuclear cells (cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC)
* fetal mononuclear cells were unable to produce IL-2, IL-4 or IFN-gamma.
* spontaneously secreted IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in vitro.
* fail to respond to mitogen (PHA) or allogeneic stimulation in vitro.
** Stimulation with PHA up-regulated the production of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-alpha substantially.
**CD3+ T cells in fetal (40.1%) and neonatal (42.4%)
** lower than that of men (59.6%) and pregnant women (53.6%).
* CD8+ T cells (9.5%)
* gamma delta - T cells (0.5%)
* NK cells (4.8%)

==Maternal Antibodies==

During prenatal development, maternal antibodies are transferred across the placenta to the fetus. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is transferred across the syncytiotrophoblast cell layer is mediated by the Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). Once inside placental villi, immunoglobulins then need to enter fetal circulation by crossing the second cellular endothelial cell layer by an as yet unknown mechanism.

During postnatal development, maternal antibodies are transferred by maternal milk across the neonatal gastrointestinal tract epithelium.

:'''Links:''' [[Placenta Development]] | [[Normal_Development_-_Milk|Milk]]

==Histology==

The images below are from adult immune Lymph Nodes.
<gallery>
File:Lymph_node_histology_01.jpg|Lymph Node - Subcapsular sinus = marginal sinus
File:Lymph_node_histology_02.jpg|Rabbit Lymph Node
File:Lymph_node_histology_03.jpg|Rabbit Lymph Node
File:Lymph_node_histology_04.jpg|Lymph Node - medullary sinuses and medullary cords
File:Lymph_node_histology_05.jpg|Lymph Node - high endothelial venules
File:Lymph_node_histology_06.jpg|Lymph Node - macrophages
</gallery>

==Immune Cells==

* Human natural killer cells (NK) - originate from CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells.

===Adult Lymphocyte Histology===
{{Lymphocyte images}}

<gallery>
File:T_and_B_lymphocytes_EM09.jpg|T and B Lymphocytes TEM
File:T_and_B_lymphocytes_EM10.jpg|T and B Lymphocytes TEM
File:B lymphocytes EM08-10.jpg|B lymphocytes TEM
File:B lymphocyte EM08.jpg|B lymphocyte TEM
File:B lymphocyte EM09.jpg|B lymphocyte TEM
File:B lymphocyte EM10.jpg|B lymphocyte TEM
File:Lymphocyte rosettes EM012.jpg|B lymphocyte SEM
File:Plasma cell EM06.jpg|Plasma Cell TEM
File:T2 lymphocyte EM13.jpg|T2 Lymphocyte TEM
File:T2 lymphocyte EM14.jpg|T2 Lymphocyte TEM
File:Lymphocyte rosettes EM01-06.jpg|lymphocyte rosettes SEM
File:Lymphocyte rosettes EM01.jpg|T lymphocyte SEM
File:Lymphocyte rosettes EM02.jpg|T lymphocyte SEM
File:Lymphocyte rosettes EM03.jpg|T lymphocyte SEM
File:Lymphocyte rosettes EM04.jpg|T lymphocyte SEM
File:Lymphocyte rosettes EM05.jpg|T lymphocyte SEM
File:Lymphocyte rosettes EM06.jpg|T lymphocyte SEM
</gallery>

==References==

<references/>

===Reviews===
<pubmed>21071706</pubmed>

===Articles===

===Search Pubmed===

'''Search Pubmed:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=Fetal Antibody%20 Fetal Antibody] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=embryo%20Immune%20System%20Development Embryo Immune System Development]

{{Glossary}}
{{Footer}}