Human Chorionic Gonadotropin - Revision history

Z8600021 at 02:00, 16 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-16T02:00:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:00, 16 Mayıs 2019
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	{\|		{\|
	\|-bgcolor="F5FFFA"		\|-bgcolor="F5FFFA"
	\| :'''hCG Links:''' {{Implantation}} \| {{Ectopic pregnancy}} \| {{Placenta}} \| [[Week 2]] \| {{Trophoblast}} \| {{Endocrine placenta}} \| {{Ovary}} \| [[Human Chorionic Gonadotropin]] \| {{Pregnancy test}}		\|
			:'''hCG Links:''' {{Implantation}} \| {{Ectopic pregnancy}} \| {{Placenta}} \| [[Week 2]] \| {{Trophoblast}} \| {{Endocrine placenta}} \| {{Ovary}} \| [[Human Chorionic Gonadotropin]] \| {{Pregnancy test}}
	\|}		\|}
			<br>
	{{Factor Links}}		{{Factor Links}}

Z8600021 at 02:00, 16 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-16T02:00:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:00, 16 Mayıs 2019
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	The hormone can be detected in maternal blood and urine and is the basis of many pregnancy tests. The protein has many other roles including stimulating the onset of fetal gonadal steroidogenesis, and high levels have been found to be ~~[[T#~~teratogen~~\|teratogenic]]~~ to fetal gonadal tissues.		The hormone can be detected in maternal blood and urine and is the basis of many pregnancy tests. The protein has many other roles including stimulating the onset of fetal gonadal steroidogenesis, and high levels have been found to be a {{teratogen}} to the fetal gonadal tissues.

Z8600021 at 01:59, 16 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-16T01:59:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:59, 16 Mayıs 2019
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	A member of the glycoprotein hormone family that includes the pituitary hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).		A member of the glycoprotein hormone family that includes the pituitary hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

			{\|
	:'''Links:''' [[Implantation]] \| ~~[[Abnormal Development -~~ Ectopic ~~Implantation\|Ectopic Implantation]]~~ \| [[Placenta ~~Development]]~~ \| [[Week 2]] \| [[Trophoblast~~]] \| [[Endocrine_-_Placenta_Development~~\|Endocrine ~~Placenta]]~~ \| [[Ovary ~~Development]]~~ \| [[Human Chorionic Gonadotropin]] \| [[Pregnancy ~~Test]]~~		\|-bgcolor="F5FFFA"
			\| :'''hCG Links:''' {{Implantation}} \| {{Ectopic pregnancy}} \| {{Placenta}} \| [[Week 2]] \| {{Trophoblast}} \| {{Endocrine placenta}} \| {{Ovary}} \| [[Human Chorionic Gonadotropin]] \| {{Pregnancy test}}
			\|}

	{{Factor Links}}		{{Factor Links}}

Z8600021 at 01:08, 6 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-06T01:08:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:08, 6 Mayıs 2019
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	==Maternal Blood Levels==		==Maternal Blood Levels==

	Levels ~~peak at 8 to 10 weeks of pregnancy, then decline and are lower for rest of pregnancy~~		{{Pregnancy hCG Levels table}}
	~~:0-1 week: 0-50 mIU/ml~~
	~~:1-2 weeks: 40-300 mIU/ml~~
	~~:3-4 weeks: 500-6,000 mIU/ml~~
	~~:1-2 months: 5,000-200,000 mIU/ml~~
	~~:2-3 months: 10,000-100,000 mIU/ml~~
	~~:2nd trimester: 3,000-50,000 mIU/ml~~
	~~:3rd trimester: 1,000-50,000 mIU/ml~~

	~~Non-pregnant females: <5.0 mIU/ml~~
	~~Postmenopausal females: <9.5 mIU/ml~~
	==Protein==		==Protein==
	[[File:Trophoblast_cell_hCG.jpg\|thumb\|Trophoblast cell hCG glycosylation]]		[[File:Trophoblast_cell_hCG.jpg\|thumb\|Trophoblast cell hCG glycosylation]]
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	Section through the middle of a human ovary at mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle after ovulation. ([[:File:Human ovary - corpus luteum 01.jpg\|unlabeled image]]).		Section through the middle of a human ovary at mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle after ovulation. ([[:File:Human ovary - corpus luteum 01.jpg\|unlabeled image]]).

	* '''Corpus luteum''' (white ring) shown at top left of ovary. Note the size and colour of the the corpus luteum ("yellow body") compared to the ovary and other internal structures. If implantation and pregnancy occurs, then hCG would stimulate an increase in size and hormonal function during the early pregnancy.		* '''{{Corpus luteum}}''' (white ring) shown at top left of ovary. Note the size and colour of the the corpus luteum ("yellow body") compared to the ovary and other internal structures. If implantation and pregnancy occurs, then hCG would stimulate an increase in size and hormonal function during the early pregnancy.
	** white asterisks - possible older corpora lutea remnants.		** white asterisks - possible older corpora lutea remnants.
	* '''Corpus albicans''' (white arrow) shown at the bottom right of the ovary. Note the size and colour of the corpus albicans ("white body") compared to the corpus luteum and ovary. The corpus albicans is the degenerating non-functional form of the corpus luteum that "develops" from it if implantation and pregnancy do not occur.
			* '''{{Corpus albicans}}''' (white arrow) shown at the bottom right of the ovary. Note the size and colour of the corpus albicans ("white body") compared to the corpus luteum and ovary. The corpus albicans is the degenerating non-functional form of the corpus luteum that "develops" from it if implantation and pregnancy do not occur.
	** black asterisks - possible older corpora albicantia remnants.		** black asterisks - possible older corpora albicantia remnants.

Z8600021 at 04:47, 11 April 2018

2018-04-11T04:47:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:47, 11 April 2018
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	[[File:Pregnancy_test.gif\|thumb\|File:Pregnancy test]]		[[File:Pregnancy_test.gif\|thumb\|File:Pregnancy test]]

	Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or human chorionic gonadotrophin) is a placental hormone initially secreted by cells (syncitiotrophoblasts) from the implanting [[C#conceptus\|conceptus]] during week 2, supporting the ovarian [[C#corpus luteum\|corpus luteum]], which in turn supports the endometrial lining and therefore maintains pregnancy.{{#pmid:22455390\|PMID22455390}}{{#pmid:20735820\|PMID20735820}}		Human chorionic gonadotropin ({{hCG}}, or human chorionic gonadotrophin) is a placental hormone initially secreted by cells (syncitiotrophoblasts) from the implanting [[C#conceptus\|conceptus]] during week 2, supporting the ovarian [[C#corpus luteum\|corpus luteum]], which in turn supports the endometrial lining and therefore maintains pregnancy.{{#pmid:22455390\|PMID22455390}}{{#pmid:20735820\|PMID20735820}}

Z8600021 at 00:11, 6 March 2018

2018-03-06T00:11:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:11, 6 March 2018
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	! More recent papers		! More recent papers
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	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

Z8600021 at 00:08, 6 March 2018

2018-03-06T00:08:56Z

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	[[File:Pregnancy_test.gif\|thumb\|File:Pregnancy test]]		[[File:Pregnancy_test.gif\|thumb\|File:Pregnancy test]]

	Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or human chorionic gonadotrophin) is a placental hormone initially secreted by cells (syncitiotrophoblasts) from the implanting [[C#conceptus\|conceptus]] during week 2, supporting the ovarian [[C#corpus luteum\|corpus luteum]], which in turn supports the endometrial lining and therefore maintains pregnancy.~~<ref name="PMID22455390"><pubmed>~~22455390~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http~~:~~//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351023 PMC3351023]~~ \| ~~[http://www.rbej.com/content/10/1/24 Reprod Biol Endocrinol.]</ref><ref name="~~PMID20735820~~"><pubmed>20735820</pubmed></ref>~~		Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or human chorionic gonadotrophin) is a placental hormone initially secreted by cells (syncitiotrophoblasts) from the implanting [[C#conceptus\|conceptus]] during week 2, supporting the ovarian [[C#corpus luteum\|corpus luteum]], which in turn supports the endometrial lining and therefore maintains pregnancy.{{#pmid:22455390\|PMID22455390}}{{#pmid:20735820\|PMID20735820}}


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	* '''Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Induces Human Macrophages to Form Intracytoplasmic Vacuoles Mimicking Hofbauer Cells in Human Chorionic Villi'''~~<ref name="~~PMID23128164~~"><pubmed>23128164</pubmed></ref>~~ The most characteristic morphological feature of macrophages in the stroma of placental villi, known as Hofbauer cells, is their highly vacuolated appearance. They also show positive immunostaining for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)."		* '''Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Induces Human Macrophages to Form Intracytoplasmic Vacuoles Mimicking Hofbauer Cells in Human Chorionic Villi'''{{#pmid:23128164\|PMID23128164}} The most characteristic morphological feature of macrophages in the stroma of placental villi, known as Hofbauer cells, is their highly vacuolated appearance. They also show positive immunostaining for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)."

	* '''Serum biomarkers for predicting pregnancy outcome in women undergoing IVF'''~~<ref><pubmed>~~22563548~~</pubmed></ref>~~ "This study was performed to assess the prognostic value of serum hCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels measured at 11 days post-ET for predicting pregnancy outcome in women participating in IVF. Between May 2005 and April 2008, sera were obtained from 70 infertile women who underwent IVF-ET at 11 days post-ET and stored. HCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The predictive accuracy of hCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels for establishment of intrauterine pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy was calculated by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. For the prediction of intrauterine and ongoing pregnancy, serum hCG was better than progesterone and inhibin A. The predictive performance of progesterone and inhibin A was similar. The serum progesterone and inhibin A levels were significantly correlated each other (r=0.915, p=0.010)."		* '''Serum biomarkers for predicting pregnancy outcome in women undergoing IVF'''{{#pmid:22563548\|PMID22563548}} "This study was performed to assess the prognostic value of serum hCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels measured at 11 days post-ET for predicting pregnancy outcome in women participating in IVF. Between May 2005 and April 2008, sera were obtained from 70 infertile women who underwent IVF-ET at 11 days post-ET and stored. HCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The predictive accuracy of hCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels for establishment of intrauterine pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy was calculated by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. For the prediction of intrauterine and ongoing pregnancy, serum hCG was better than progesterone and inhibin A. The predictive performance of progesterone and inhibin A was similar. The serum progesterone and inhibin A levels were significantly correlated each other (r=0.915, p=0.010)."

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	# hCG and implantation of pregnancy, hCG stimulates metalloproteinases of cytotrophoblast cell		# hCG and implantation of pregnancy, hCG stimulates metalloproteinases of cytotrophoblast cell

	(Function Data from Table 1 ~~<ref name="~~PMID20735820~~" />)~~
			Function Data from Table 1{{#pmid:20735820\|PMID20735820}}

	==Maternal Blood Levels==		==Maternal Blood Levels==

Z8600021 at 05:02, 2 September 2014

2014-09-02T05:02:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:02, 2 September 2014
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	:'''Links:''' [[Implantation]] \| [[Placenta Development]] \| [[Week 2]] \| [[Trophoblast]] \| [[Endocrine_-_Placenta_Development\|Endocrine Placenta]] \| [[Ovary Development]] \| [[Human Chorionic Gonadotropin]] \| [[Pregnancy Test]]		:'''Links:''' [[Implantation]] \| [[Abnormal Development - Ectopic Implantation\|Ectopic Implantation]] \| [[Placenta Development]] \| [[Week 2]] \| [[Trophoblast]] \| [[Endocrine_-_Placenta_Development\|Endocrine Placenta]] \| [[Ovary Development]] \| [[Human Chorionic Gonadotropin]] \| [[Pregnancy Test]]

Z8600021 at 23:26, 11 August 2014

2014-08-11T23:26:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:26, 12 August 2014
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	Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or human chorionic gonadotrophin) is a placental hormone initially secreted by cells (syncitiotrophoblasts) from the implanting [[C#conceptus\|conceptus]] during week 2, supporting the ovarian [[C#corpus luteum\|corpus luteum]], which in turn supports the endometrial lining and therefore maintains pregnancy.<ref name="PMID22455390"><pubmed>22455390</pubmed>\| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351023 PMC3351023] \| [http://www.rbej.com/content/10/1/24 Reprod Biol Endocrinol.]</ref><ref name="PMID20735820"><pubmed>20735820</pubmed></ref>		Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or human chorionic gonadotrophin) is a placental hormone initially secreted by cells (syncitiotrophoblasts) from the implanting [[C#conceptus\|conceptus]] during week 2, supporting the ovarian [[C#corpus luteum\|corpus luteum]], which in turn supports the endometrial lining and therefore maintains pregnancy.<ref name="PMID22455390"><pubmed>22455390</pubmed>\| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351023 PMC3351023] \| [http://www.rbej.com/content/10/1/24 Reprod Biol Endocrinol.]</ref><ref name="PMID20735820"><pubmed>20735820</pubmed></ref>


	The hormone can be detected in maternal blood and urine and is the basis of many pregnancy tests. The protein has many other roles including stimulating the onset of fetal gonadal steroidogenesis, and high levels have been found to be [[T#teratogen\|teratogenic]] to fetal gonadal tissues.		The hormone can be detected in maternal blood and urine and is the basis of many pregnancy tests. The protein has many other roles including stimulating the onset of fetal gonadal steroidogenesis, and high levels have been found to be [[T#teratogen\|teratogenic]] to fetal gonadal tissues.


	Other potential cellular sources can include: hyperglycosylated hCG produced by cytotrophoblast cells, free beta-subunit made by multiple primary non-trophoblastic malignancies, and pituitary hCG made by the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary.		Other potential cellular sources can include: hyperglycosylated hCG produced by cytotrophoblast cells, free beta-subunit made by multiple primary non-trophoblastic malignancies, and pituitary hCG made by the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary.


	A member of the glycoprotein hormone family that includes the pituitary hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).		A member of the glycoprotein hormone family that includes the pituitary hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).


	:'''Links:''' [[Implantation]] \| [[Placenta Development]] \| [[Week 2]] \| [[Trophoblast]] \| [[Human Chorionic Gonadotropin]] \| [[Pregnancy Test]]		:'''Links:''' [[Implantation]] \| [[Placenta Development]] \| [[Week 2]] \| [[Trophoblast]] \| [[Endocrine_-_Placenta_Development\|Endocrine Placenta]] \| [[Ovary Development]] \| [[Human Chorionic Gonadotropin]] \| [[Pregnancy Test]]


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			{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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	! More recent papers		! More recent papers
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Z8600021 at 12:49, 5 March 2014

2014-03-05T12:49:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:49, 5 March 2014
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	* '''Serum biomarkers for predicting pregnancy outcome in women undergoing IVF'''<ref><pubmed>22563548</pubmed></ref> "This study was performed to assess the prognostic value of serum hCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels measured at 11 days post-ET for predicting pregnancy outcome in women participating in IVF. Between May 2005 and April 2008, sera were obtained from 70 infertile women who underwent IVF-ET at 11 days post-ET and stored. HCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The predictive accuracy of hCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels for establishment of intrauterine pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy was calculated by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. For the prediction of intrauterine and ongoing pregnancy, serum hCG was better than progesterone and inhibin A. The predictive performance of progesterone and inhibin A was similar. The serum progesterone and inhibin A levels were significantly correlated each other (r=0.915, p=0.010)."		* '''Serum biomarkers for predicting pregnancy outcome in women undergoing IVF'''<ref><pubmed>22563548</pubmed></ref> "This study was performed to assess the prognostic value of serum hCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels measured at 11 days post-ET for predicting pregnancy outcome in women participating in IVF. Between May 2005 and April 2008, sera were obtained from 70 infertile women who underwent IVF-ET at 11 days post-ET and stored. HCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The predictive accuracy of hCG, progesterone, and inhibin A levels for establishment of intrauterine pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy was calculated by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. For the prediction of intrauterine and ongoing pregnancy, serum hCG was better than progesterone and inhibin A. The predictive performance of progesterone and inhibin A was similar. The serum progesterone and inhibin A levels were significantly correlated each other (r=0.915, p=0.010)."

			\|}

			{\| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
			! More recent papers
			\|-
			\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

			Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Human+Chorionic+Gonadotropin ''Human Chorionic Gonadotropin'']

			<pubmed limit=5>Human Chorionic Gonadotropin</pubmed>
	\|}		\|}