File talk:Keibel Mall Table-Skeleton 1.jpg - Revision history

Z8600021 at 07:49, 8 February 2014

2014-02-08T07:49:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:49, 8 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:

	{{Lower limb ossification table 1}}		{{Lower limb ossification table}}

	{{Lower limb ossification collapsible table 1}}		{{Lower limb ossification collapsible table}}

	TABLE OF OSSIFICATION OF THE BONES OF THE INFERIOR EXTREMITY.		TABLE OF OSSIFICATION OF THE BONES OF THE INFERIOR EXTREMITY.

Z8600021 at 07:33, 8 February 2014

2014-02-08T07:33:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:33, 8 February 2014
Line 78:		Line 78:

	Distal end		Distal end
	\| Shortly before birth (~~ref~~)		\| Shortly before birth (See table footer - Poirier)
	\| 20th to 24th year		\| 20th to 24th year
	\|-		\|-
Line 162:		Line 162:
	F 13-17, average 16 years (Hasselwander)		F 13-17, average 16 years (Hasselwander)
	\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\| colspan="4" \|~~(ref)~~ Poirier, Traite d'Anatomie, vol. 1. page 227, gives a summary of the literature on the time of the appearance of this epiphysis. The epiphysis has some medico-legal importance, since its presence or absence has been utilized to determine whether a child is born at term. Schwegel found it to appear between birth and the third year; Casper in the ninth fetal month. Hartmann found it lacking in 12 percent, of cases at birth and in 7 per cent, of cases present as early as the eighth fetal month.		\| colspan="4" \|
	\|		* Poirier, Traite d'Anatomie, vol. 1. page 227, gives a summary of the literature on the time of the appearance of this epiphysis. The epiphysis has some medico-legal importance, since its presence or absence has been utilized to determine whether a child is born at term. Schwegel found it to appear between birth and the third year; Casper in the ninth fetal month. Hartmann found it lacking in 12 percent, of cases at birth and in 7 per cent, of cases present as early as the eighth fetal month.
	\|
	\|
	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 07:30, 8 February 2014

2014-02-08T07:30:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:30, 8 February 2014
Line 162:		Line 162:
	F 13-17, average 16 years (Hasselwander)		F 13-17, average 16 years (Hasselwander)
	\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\| ~~col span~~=4\|(ref) Poirier, Traite d'Anatomie, vol. 1. page 227, gives a summary of the literature on the time of the appearance of this epiphysis. The epiphysis has some medico-legal importance, since its presence or absence has been utilized to determine whether a child is born at term. Schwegel found it to appear between birth and the third year; Casper in the ninth fetal month. Hartmann found it lacking in 12 percent, of cases at birth and in 7 per cent, of cases present as early as the eighth fetal month.		\| colspan="4" \|(ref) Poirier, Traite d'Anatomie, vol. 1. page 227, gives a summary of the literature on the time of the appearance of this epiphysis. The epiphysis has some medico-legal importance, since its presence or absence has been utilized to determine whether a child is born at term. Schwegel found it to appear between birth and the third year; Casper in the ninth fetal month. Hartmann found it lacking in 12 percent, of cases at birth and in 7 per cent, of cases present as early as the eighth fetal month.
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

Z8600021 at 07:28, 8 February 2014

2014-02-08T07:28:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:28, 8 February 2014
Line 161:		Line 161:

	F 13-17, average 16 years (Hasselwander)		F 13-17, average 16 years (Hasselwander)
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
			\| col span=4\|(ref) Poirier, Traite d'Anatomie, vol. 1. page 227, gives a summary of the literature on the time of the appearance of this epiphysis. The epiphysis has some medico-legal importance, since its presence or absence has been utilized to determine whether a child is born at term. Schwegel found it to appear between birth and the third year; Casper in the ninth fetal month. Hartmann found it lacking in 12 percent, of cases at birth and in 7 per cent, of cases present as early as the eighth fetal month.
			\|
			\|
			\|
	\|}		\|}



	(ref) Poirier, Traite d'Anatomie, vol. 1. page 227, gives a summary of the literature on the time of the appearance of this epiphysis. The epiphysis has some medico-legal importance, since its presence or absence has been utilized to determine whether a child is born at term. Schwegel found it to appear between birth and the third year; Casper in the ninth fetal month. Hartmann found it lacking in 12 percent, of cases at birth and in 7 per cent, of cases present as early as the eighth fetal month.

Z8600021 at 07:27, 8 February 2014

2014-02-08T07:27:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:27, 8 February 2014
Line 21:		Line 21:
	\| Os ilium		\| Os ilium
	\| 56th day (Mall)		\| 56th day (Mall)
	\| The rami of the ischium and the pubis are united by bone in the 7th or 8th year (Quain) ( 12-14 year Sappey). In the acetabulum the three hip bones are separated by a Y-shaped cartilage until after puberty. In this cartilage between the ilium and pubis the ~~' '~~os acetabuli "appears between the ninth and twelfth years. This bone, variable in size, forms a greater or less part of the pubic portion of the articular cavity. Leche (1884). Krause (1885), and many others consider it primarily an independent bone. About puberty between the ilium and ischium and over the acetabular surfaces of these bones small irregular epiphyseal centres appear. The os acetabuli becomes imited to the pubic bone about puberty and soon afterwards the acetabular portions of the ilium and ischium and the ischium and pubis begin to become united by bone. The acetabular portions of the pubis and ilium are unite a little later. Osseous union takes place earlier on the pelvic than on the articular surface of the acetabulum. The union of the several primary centres and the epiphyses is usually completed about the twentieth year.		\| The rami of the ischium and the pubis are united by bone in the 7th or 8th year (Quain) ( 12-14 year Sappey). In the acetabulum the three hip bones are separated by a Y-shaped cartilage until after puberty. In this cartilage between the ilium and pubis the "os acetabuli" appears between the ninth and twelfth years. This bone, variable in size, forms a greater or less part of the pubic portion of the articular cavity. Leche (1884). Krause (1885), and many others consider it primarily an independent bone. About puberty between the ilium and ischium and over the acetabular surfaces of these bones small irregular epiphyseal centres appear. The os acetabuli becomes imited to the pubic bone about puberty and soon afterwards the acetabular portions of the ilium and ischium and the ischium and pubis begin to become united by bone. The acetabular portions of the pubis and ilium are unite a little later. Osseous union takes place earlier on the pelvic than on the articular surface of the acetabulum. The union of the several primary centres and the epiphyses is usually completed about the twentieth year.
	\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
Line 52:		Line 52:
	\| Tuberosity of ischium		\| Tuberosity of ischium
	\| Soon after puberty		\| Soon after puberty
	\| Fusion begins in the 17th year and is completed between the 20th and 24th years (Sappey).		\| Fusion begins in the 17th year and is completed between the 20th and 24th years (Sappey)
	\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|

Z8600021 at 07:26, 8 February 2014

2014-02-08T07:26:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:26, 8 February 2014
Line 21:		Line 21:
	\| Os ilium		\| Os ilium
	\| 56th day (Mall)		\| 56th day (Mall)
	\| The rami of the ischium and the pubis are united by bone in the 7th or 8th year (Quain) ( 12-14 year Sappey). In the acetabulum the three hip bones are separated by a Y-shaped cartilage until after puberty. In this cartilage between the ilium and pubis the ' 'os acetabuli "appears between the ninth and twelfth years. This bone, variable in size, forms a greater or less part of the pubic portion of the articular cavity. Leche (1884). Krause (1885), and many others consider it primarily an independent bone. About puberty between the ilium and ischium and over the acetabular surfaces of these bones small irregular epiphyseal centres appear. The os acetabuli becomes imited to the pubic bone about puberty and soon afterwards the acetabular portions of the ilium and ischium and the ischium and pubis begin to become united by bone. The acetabular portions of the pubis and ilium are unite a little later. Osseous union takes place earlier on the pelvic than on the articular surface of the acetabulum. The union of the several primary centres and the epiphyses is ~~usuaJly~~ completed about the twentieth year.		\| The rami of the ischium and the pubis are united by bone in the 7th or 8th year (Quain) ( 12-14 year Sappey). In the acetabulum the three hip bones are separated by a Y-shaped cartilage until after puberty. In this cartilage between the ilium and pubis the ' 'os acetabuli "appears between the ninth and twelfth years. This bone, variable in size, forms a greater or less part of the pubic portion of the articular cavity. Leche (1884). Krause (1885), and many others consider it primarily an independent bone. About puberty between the ilium and ischium and over the acetabular surfaces of these bones small irregular epiphyseal centres appear. The os acetabuli becomes imited to the pubic bone about puberty and soon afterwards the acetabular portions of the ilium and ischium and the ischium and pubis begin to become united by bone. The acetabular portions of the pubis and ilium are unite a little later. Osseous union takes place earlier on the pelvic than on the articular surface of the acetabulum. The union of the several primary centres and the epiphyses is usually completed about the twentieth year.
	\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
Line 47:		Line 47:
	\| Crest of ilium		\| Crest of ilium
	\| Soon after puberty		\| Soon after puberty
	\| Fuses with main bone 20th to 25th year.		\| Fuses with main bone 20th to 25th year
	\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
Line 62:		Line 62:
	\| Ant. inf. spine of ilium		\| Ant. inf. spine of ilium
	\| Soon after puberty		\| Soon after puberty
	\| 18th to 20th year (Poirier).		\| 18th to 20th year (Poirier)
	\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Symphysis end of os pubis (1 or 2 centres)		\| Symphysis end of os pubis (1 or 2 centres)
	\| 18th to 20th year. (Sappey)		\| 18th to 20th year (Sappey)
	\| After the 20th year.		\| After the 20th year
	\|-		\|-
	\| Femur		\| Femur
Line 78:		Line 78:

	Distal end		Distal end
	\| Shortly before birth.(ref)		\| Shortly before birth (ref)
	\| 20th to 24th year.		\| 20th to 24th year
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Head		\| Head
	\| 1st year		\| 1st year
	\| 18th to 19th year.		\| 18th to 19th year
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Great trochanter		\| Great trochanter
	\| 3d to 4th year. (Osseous granules soon after birth, (Poirier)		\| 3d to 4th year (Osseous granules soon after birth, (Poirier)
	\| 18th year.		\| 18th year
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
Line 96:		Line 96:

	8th year (Sappey)		8th year (Sappey)
	\| 17th year (Quain).		\| 17th year (Quain)

	Proximal epiphysis 18th to 22d year (Poirier).		Proximal epiphysis 18th to 22d year (Poirier)
	\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\| Patella		\| Patella
	\|		\|
	\| 3d to 5th year		\| 3d to 5th year
	\| The osseous patella reaches its definitive form soon before puberty.		\| The osseous patella reaches its definitive form soon before puberty
	\|-		\|-
	\| Tibia		\| Tibia
	\| Diaphysis		\| Diaphysis
	\| 44th day (Mall).		\| 44th day (Mall)
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
Line 115:		Line 115:
	Proximal end		Proximal end
	\| About birth		\| About birth
	\| 19th to 24th year (Sappey).		\| 19th to 24th year (Sappey)
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Distal end		\| Distal end
	\| 2d year		\| 2d year
	\| 16th to 19th year.		\| 16th to 19th year
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Tubercle (occas.)		\| Tubercle (occas.)
	\| 13th year		\| 13th year
	\| Fuses with epiphysis of the proximal end and then with this to the diaphysis.		\| Fuses with epiphysis of the proximal end and then with this to the diaphysis
	\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\| Fibula		\| Fibula
Line 140:		Line 140:
	\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Proximal end.		\| Proximal end
	\| 3d to 5th year		\| 3d to 5th year
	\| 22d to 24th year		\| 22d to 24th year
Line 147:		Line 147:
	\| Chief centre		\| Chief centre
	\| 6th fetal month		\| 6th fetal month
	\| The chief nucleus is endochondral. A periosteal nucleus appears frequently in the 4-5 fetal month (~~Hassel wander~~).		\| The chief nucleus is endochondral. A periosteal nucleus appears frequently in the 4-5 fetal month (Hasselwander)
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
Line 154:		Line 154:

	7th-8th year ( Sappey)		7th-8th year ( Sappey)
	\|15th-16th year (Quain).		\|15th-16th year (Quain)

	16th-18th year (Poirier).		16th-18th year (Poirier)

	M 17-21, average 20 years.		M 17-21, average 20 years

	F 13-17, average 16 years (Hasselwander)		F 13-17, average 16 years (Hasselwander)

Z8600021 at 07:24, 8 February 2014

2014-02-08T07:24:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:24, 8 February 2014
Line 21:		Line 21:
	\| Os ilium		\| Os ilium
	\| 56th day (Mall)		\| 56th day (Mall)
	\| The rami of the ischium and the pubis are united by bone in the 7th or 8th year (Quain) ( 12-14 year^ Sappey). In the acetabulum the three hip bones are separated by a Y-shaped cartilage until after puberty. In this cartilage between the ilium and pubis the ' 'os acetabuli "appears between the ninth and twelfth years. This bone, variable in size, forms a greater or less part of the pubic portion of the articular cavity. Leche (1884). Krause (1885), and many others consider it primarily an independent bone. About puberty between the ilium and ischium and over the acetabular surfaces of these bones small irregular epiphyseal centres appear. The os acetabuli becomes imited to the pubic bone about puberty and soon afterwards the acetabular portions of the ilium and ischium and the ischium and pubis begin to become united by bone. The acetabular portions of the pubis and ilium are unite a little later. Osseous union takes place earlier on the pelvic than on the articular surface of the acetabulum. The union of the several primary centres and the epiphyses is usuaJly completed about the twentieth year.		\| The rami of the ischium and the pubis are united by bone in the 7th or 8th year (Quain) ( 12-14 year Sappey). In the acetabulum the three hip bones are separated by a Y-shaped cartilage until after puberty. In this cartilage between the ilium and pubis the ' 'os acetabuli "appears between the ninth and twelfth years. This bone, variable in size, forms a greater or less part of the pubic portion of the articular cavity. Leche (1884). Krause (1885), and many others consider it primarily an independent bone. About puberty between the ilium and ischium and over the acetabular surfaces of these bones small irregular epiphyseal centres appear. The os acetabuli becomes imited to the pubic bone about puberty and soon afterwards the acetabular portions of the ilium and ischium and the ischium and pubis begin to become united by bone. The acetabular portions of the pubis and ilium are unite a little later. Osseous union takes place earlier on the pelvic than on the articular surface of the acetabulum. The union of the several primary centres and the epiphyses is usuaJly completed about the twentieth year.
	\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|

Z8600021 at 07:23, 8 February 2014

2014-02-08T07:23:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:23, 8 February 2014
Line 131:		Line 131:
	\| 55th day (Mall).		\| 55th day (Mall).
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Epiphyses:		\| Epiphyses:
Line 138:		Line 138:
	\| 2d year		\| 2d year
	\| 20th to 22d year		\| 20th to 22d year
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Proximal end.		\| Proximal end.

Z8600021 at 07:22, 8 February 2014

2014-02-08T07:22:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:22, 8 February 2014
Line 21:		Line 21:
	\| Os ilium		\| Os ilium
	\| 56th day (Mall)		\| 56th day (Mall)
	\| The rami of the ischium and the pubis are		\| The rami of the ischium and the pubis are united by bone in the 7th or 8th year (Quain) ( 12-14 year^ Sappey). In the acetabulum the three hip bones are separated by a Y-shaped cartilage until after puberty. In this cartilage between the ilium and pubis the ' 'os acetabuli "appears between the ninth and twelfth years. This bone, variable in size, forms a greater or less part of the pubic portion of the articular cavity. Leche (1884). Krause (1885), and many others consider it primarily an independent bone. About puberty between the ilium and ischium and over the acetabular surfaces of these bones small irregular epiphyseal centres appear. The os acetabuli becomes imited to the pubic bone about puberty and soon afterwards the acetabular portions of the ilium and ischium and the ischium and pubis begin to become united by bone. The acetabular portions of the pubis and ilium are unite a little later. Osseous union takes place earlier on the pelvic than on the articular surface of the acetabulum. The union of the several primary centres and the epiphyses is usuaJly completed about the twentieth year.
	united by bone in the 7th or 8th year		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	(~~Ouain~~) ( 12-14 year^ Sappey). In the ~~ace-~~
	~~tabulum~~ the three hip bones are separated
	by a Y-shaped cartilage until after ~~puber-~~
	ty. In this cartilage between the ilium and
	pubis the ' 'os acetabuli "appears ~~betwe^i~~
	the ninth and twelfth years. This bone,
	variable in ~~siae~~, forms a greater or less
	part of the pubic portion of the articular
	cavity. Leche (1884). Krause (1885), and
	many others consider it primarily an ~~in-~~
	~~dependent~~ bone. About puberty between
	the ilium and ischium and over the ~~ace-~~
	~~tabular~~ surfaces of these bones small ~~ir-~~
	~~regular~~ epiphyseal centres appear. The
	OS acetabuli becomes imited to the pubic
	bone about puberty and soon afterwards
	the acetabular portions of the ilium and
	ischium and the ischium and pubis begin
	to become united by bone. The ~~acetab-~~
	~~ular~~ portions of the pubis and ilium are
	~~unit^~~ a little later. Osseous union takes
	place earlier on the pelvic than on the
	articular surface of the acetabulum. The
	~~imion~~ of the several ~~orimary~~ centres and
	the epiphyses is usuaJly completed about
	the twentieth year.

	\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Os ischii		\| Os ischii
	\| 105th day (Mall)		\| 105th day (Mall)
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Os pubis		\| Os pubis
	\| 4th to 5th fetal month		\| 4th to 5th fetal month
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Os acetabuli.		\| Os acetabuli.
	\| 9th to 12th year		\| 9th to 12th year
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Epiphyses:		\| Epiphyses:
Line 71:		Line 43:
	\| Soon after puberty		\| Soon after puberty
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Crest of ilium		\| Crest of ilium
	\| Soon after puberty		\| Soon after puberty
	\| Fuses with main bone 20th to 25th year.		\| Fuses with main bone 20th to 25th year.
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Tuberosity of ischium		\| Tuberosity of ischium
	\| Soon after puberty		\| Soon after puberty
	\| Fusion begins in the 17th year and is completed between the 20th and 24th years (Sappey).		\| Fusion begins in the 17th year and is completed between the 20th and 24th years (Sappey).
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Ischial spine		\| Ischial spine
	\| Soon after puberty		\| Soon after puberty
	\| 18th to 20th year (Poirier).		\| 18th to 20th year (Poirier).
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Ant. inf. spine of ilium		\| Ant. inf. spine of ilium
	\| Soon after puberty		\| Soon after puberty
	\| 18th to 20th year (Poirier).		\| 18th to 20th year (Poirier).
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\|		\|
	\| Symphysis end of os pubis (1 or 2 centres)		\| Symphysis end of os pubis (1 or 2 centres)
Line 127:		Line 99:

	Proximal epiphysis 18th to 22d year (Poirier).		Proximal epiphysis 18th to 22d year (Poirier).
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\| Patella		\| Patella
	\|		\|
Line 154:		Line 126:
	\| 13th year		\| 13th year
	\| Fuses with epiphysis of the proximal end and then with this to the diaphysis.		\| Fuses with epiphysis of the proximal end and then with this to the diaphysis.
	\|-		\|-"valign=top" bgcolor="lightcyan"
	\| Fibula		\| Fibula
	\| Diaphysis		\| Diaphysis

Z8600021 at 07:17, 8 February 2014

2014-02-08T07:17:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:17, 8 February 2014
Line 82:		Line 82:
	\| Fusion begins in the 17th year and is completed between the 20th and 24th years (Sappey).		\| Fusion begins in the 17th year and is completed between the 20th and 24th years (Sappey).
	\|-		\|-
			\|
	\| Ischial spine		\| Ischial spine
	\| Soon after puberty		\| Soon after puberty
	\| 18th to 20th year (Poirier).		\| 18th to 20th year (Poirier).
	\|-		\|-
			\|
	\| Ant. inf. spine of ilium		\| Ant. inf. spine of ilium
	\| Soon after puberty		\| Soon after puberty