File:Gray0961.jpg - Revision history

Z8600021 at 02:01, 18 Mayıs 2014

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	==Respiratory Tract Cartilages==		==Respiratory Tract Cartilages==
			[[Respiratory System Development]]

	Front view of cartilages of larynx, trachea, and bronchi.		Front view of cartilages of larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

Z8600021 at 00:20, 20 February 2013

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	==~~Trachea -~~ Respiratory Tract Cartilages==		==Respiratory Tract Cartilages==

	Front view of cartilages of larynx, trachea, and bronchi.		Front view of cartilages of larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

			===Trachea===
	The trachea or windpipe is a cartilaginous and membranous tube, extending from the lower part of the larynx, on a level with the sixth cervical vertebra, to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra, where it divides into the two bronchi, one for each lung.		The trachea or windpipe is a cartilaginous and membranous tube, extending from the lower part of the larynx, on a level with the sixth cervical vertebra, to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra, where it divides into the two bronchi, one for each lung.
	* The trachea is nearly but not quite cylindrical, being flattened posteriorly		* The trachea is nearly but not quite cylindrical, being flattened posteriorly

Z8600021 at 00:20, 20 February 2013

2013-02-20T00:20:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 20 February 2013
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	==Respiratory Tract Cartilages==		==Trachea - Respiratory Tract Cartilages==

	Front view of cartilages of larynx, trachea, and bronchi.		Front view of cartilages of larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

Z8600021: /* Respiratory Tract Cartilages */

2013-02-20T00:19:35Z

Respiratory Tract Cartilages

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	Front view of cartilages of larynx, trachea, and bronchi.		Front view of cartilages of larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

	The trachea or windpipe is a cartilaginous and membranous tube, extending from the lower part of the larynx, on a level with the sixth cervical vertebra, to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra, where it divides into the two bronchi, one for each lung. The trachea is nearly but not quite cylindrical, being flattened posteriorly; it measures about 11 cm. in length; its diameter, from side to side, is from 2 to 2.5 cm., being always greater in the male than in the female. In the child the trachea is smaller, more deeply placed, and more movable than in the adult.		The trachea or windpipe is a cartilaginous and membranous tube, extending from the lower part of the larynx, on a level with the sixth cervical vertebra, to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra, where it divides into the two bronchi, one for each lung.
			* The trachea is nearly but not quite cylindrical, being flattened posteriorly
			* it measures about 11 cm. in length; its diameter, from side to side, is from 2 to 2.5 cm.
			* being always greater in the male than in the female.
			* In the child the trachea is smaller, more deeply placed, and more movable than in the adult.

	===Relations===		===Relations===

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Relations

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	===Relations===		===Relations===
	* '''Anterior surface''' of the trachea is convex, and covered, in the neck, from above downward:		* '''Anterior surface''' of the trachea is convex, and covered:
	** by the isthmus of the thyroid gland		** in the neck, from above downward, by the isthmus of the thyroid gland; the inferior thyroid veins, the arteria thyroidea ima (when that vessel exists); Sternothyreoideus and Sternohyoideus muscles, the cervical fascia, and, more superficially, by the anastomosing branches between the anterior jugular vein
	** the inferior thyroid veins, the arteria thyroidea ima (when that vessel exists)
	** Sternothyreoideus and Sternohyoideus muscles, the cervical fascia, and, more superficially, by the anastomosing branches between the anterior jugular vein
	** in the thorax, it is covered from before backward by the manubrium sterni, the remains of the thymus, the left innominate vein, the aortic arch, the innominate and left common carotid arteries, and the deep cardiac plexus.		** in the thorax, it is covered from before backward by the manubrium sterni, the remains of the thymus, the left innominate vein, the aortic arch, the innominate and left common carotid arteries, and the deep cardiac plexus.
	* '''Posteriorly''' it is in contact with the esophagus.		* '''Posteriorly''' it is in contact with the esophagus.

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Relations

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	** in the thorax, it is covered from before backward by the manubrium sterni, the remains of the thymus, the left innominate vein, the aortic arch, the innominate and left common carotid arteries, and the deep cardiac plexus.		** in the thorax, it is covered from before backward by the manubrium sterni, the remains of the thymus, the left innominate vein, the aortic arch, the innominate and left common carotid arteries, and the deep cardiac plexus.
	* '''Posteriorly''' it is in contact with the esophagus.		* '''Posteriorly''' it is in contact with the esophagus.
	* '''Laterally''', in the neck, it is in relation with the common carotid arteries, the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves; in the thorax, it lies in the superior mediastinum, and is in relation on the right side with the pleura and right vagus, and near the root of the neck with the innominate artery; on its left side are the left recurrent nerve, the aortic arch, and the left common carotid and subclavian arteries.		* '''Laterally'''
			** in the neck, it is in relation with the common carotid arteries, the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves
			** in the thorax, it lies in the superior mediastinum, and is in relation on the right side with the pleura and right vagus, and near the root of the neck with the innominate artery; on its left side are the left recurrent nerve, the aortic arch, and the left common carotid and subclavian arteries.

	===Right Bronchus===		===Right Bronchus===

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	===Relations===		===Relations===
	* Anterior surface of the trachea is convex, and covered, in the neck, from above downward:		* '''Anterior surface''' of the trachea is convex, and covered, in the neck, from above downward:
	** by the isthmus of the thyroid gland		** by the isthmus of the thyroid gland
	** the inferior thyroid veins, the arteria thyroidea ima (when that vessel exists)		** the inferior thyroid veins, the arteria thyroidea ima (when that vessel exists)
	** Sternothyreoideus and Sternohyoideus muscles, the cervical fascia, and, more superficially, by the anastomosing branches between the anterior jugular vein		** Sternothyreoideus and Sternohyoideus muscles, the cervical fascia, and, more superficially, by the anastomosing branches between the anterior jugular vein
	** in the thorax, it is covered from before backward by the manubrium sterni, the remains of the thymus, the left innominate vein, the aortic arch, the innominate and left common carotid arteries, and the deep cardiac plexus.		** in the thorax, it is covered from before backward by the manubrium sterni, the remains of the thymus, the left innominate vein, the aortic arch, the innominate and left common carotid arteries, and the deep cardiac plexus.
	* Posteriorly it is in contact with the esophagus.		* '''Posteriorly''' it is in contact with the esophagus.
	* Laterally, in the neck, it is in relation with the common carotid arteries, the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves; in the thorax, it lies in the superior mediastinum, and is in relation on the right side with the pleura and right vagus, and near the root of the neck with the innominate artery; on its left side are the left recurrent nerve, the aortic arch, and the left common carotid and subclavian arteries.		* '''Laterally''', in the neck, it is in relation with the common carotid arteries, the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves; in the thorax, it lies in the superior mediastinum, and is in relation on the right side with the pleura and right vagus, and near the root of the neck with the innominate artery; on its left side are the left recurrent nerve, the aortic arch, and the left common carotid and subclavian arteries.

	===Right Bronchus===		===Right Bronchus===

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	===Relations===		===Relations===
	* Anterior surface of the trachea is convex, and covered, in the neck, from above downward, by the isthmus of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid veins, the arteria thyroidea ima (when that vessel exists)~~, the~~ Sternothyreoideus and Sternohyoideus muscles, the cervical fascia, and, more superficially, by the anastomosing branches between the anterior jugular ~~veins;~~ in the thorax, it is covered from before backward by the manubrium sterni, the remains of the thymus, the left innominate vein, the aortic arch, the innominate and left common carotid arteries, and the deep cardiac plexus.		* Anterior surface of the trachea is convex, and covered, in the neck, from above downward:
			** by the isthmus of the thyroid gland
			** the inferior thyroid veins, the arteria thyroidea ima (when that vessel exists)
			** Sternothyreoideus and Sternohyoideus muscles, the cervical fascia, and, more superficially, by the anastomosing branches between the anterior jugular vein
			** in the thorax, it is covered from before backward by the manubrium sterni, the remains of the thymus, the left innominate vein, the aortic arch, the innominate and left common carotid arteries, and the deep cardiac plexus.
	* Posteriorly it is in contact with the esophagus.		* Posteriorly it is in contact with the esophagus.
	* Laterally, in the neck, it is in relation with the common carotid arteries, the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves; in the thorax, it lies in the superior mediastinum, and is in relation on the right side with the pleura and right vagus, and near the root of the neck with the innominate artery; on its left side are the left recurrent nerve, the aortic arch, and the left common carotid and subclavian arteries.		* Laterally, in the neck, it is in relation with the common carotid arteries, the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves; in the thorax, it lies in the superior mediastinum, and is in relation on the right side with the pleura and right vagus, and near the root of the neck with the innominate artery; on its left side are the left recurrent nerve, the aortic arch, and the left common carotid and subclavian arteries.

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Relations

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:13, 20 February 2013
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	===Relations===		===Relations===
	~~The anterior~~ surface of the trachea is convex, and covered, in the neck, from above downward, by the isthmus of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid veins, the arteria thyroidea ima (when that vessel exists), the Sternothyreoideus and Sternohyoideus muscles, the cervical fascia, and, more superficially, by the anastomosing branches between the anterior jugular veins; in the thorax, it is covered from before backward by the manubrium sterni, the remains of the thymus, the left innominate vein, the aortic arch, the innominate and left common carotid arteries, and the deep cardiac plexus. Posteriorly it is in contact with the esophagus. Laterally, in the neck, it is in relation with the common carotid arteries, the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves; in the thorax, it lies in the superior mediastinum, and is in relation on the right side with the pleura and right vagus, and near the root of the neck with the innominate artery; on its left side are the left recurrent nerve, the aortic arch, and the left common carotid and subclavian arteries.		* Anterior surface of the trachea is convex, and covered, in the neck, from above downward, by the isthmus of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid veins, the arteria thyroidea ima (when that vessel exists), the Sternothyreoideus and Sternohyoideus muscles, the cervical fascia, and, more superficially, by the anastomosing branches between the anterior jugular veins; in the thorax, it is covered from before backward by the manubrium sterni, the remains of the thymus, the left innominate vein, the aortic arch, the innominate and left common carotid arteries, and the deep cardiac plexus.
			* Posteriorly it is in contact with the esophagus.
			* Laterally, in the neck, it is in relation with the common carotid arteries, the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent nerves; in the thorax, it lies in the superior mediastinum, and is in relation on the right side with the pleura and right vagus, and near the root of the neck with the innominate artery; on its left side are the left recurrent nerve, the aortic arch, and the left common carotid and subclavian arteries.

	===Right Bronchus===		===Right Bronchus===

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Left Bronchus

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	===Left Bronchus===		===Left Bronchus===
			* (''bronchus sinister'') is smaller in caliber but longer than the right, being nearly 5 cm long.
	(''bronchus sinister'') is smaller in caliber but longer than the right, being nearly 5 cm. long. It enters the root of the left lung opposite the sixth thoracic vertebra. It passes beneath the aortic arch, crosses in front of the esophagus, the thoracic duct, and the descending aorta, and has the left pulmonary artery lying at first above, and then in front of it. ~~The~~ left bronchus has no eparterial branch, and therefore it has been supposed by some that there is no upper lobe to the left lung~~, but that~~ the so-called upper lobe corresponds to the middle lobe of the right lung.		* enters the root of the left lung opposite the sixth thoracic vertebra.
			* passes beneath the aortic arch, crosses in front of the esophagus, the thoracic duct, and the descending aorta, and has the left pulmonary artery lying at first above, and then in front of it.
			* left bronchus has no eparterial branch, and therefore it has been supposed by some that there is no upper lobe to the left lung
			** the so-called upper lobe corresponds to the middle lobe of the right lung.

	(Text modified from Gray's 1918 Anatomy)		(Text modified from Gray's 1918 Anatomy)