Endocrine - Parathyroid Development - Revision history

Z8600021 at 15:21, 9 March 2020

2020-03-09T15:21:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:21, 10 March 2020
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	:'''Links:''' [https://www.omim.org/entry/603716 OMIM GCM2]		:'''Links:''' [https://www.omim.org/entry/603716 OMIM - GCM2]


			===Semaphorin3d===
			Semaphorin3d (Sema3d) is a secreted glycoprotein expressed in the developing parathyroid gland in mice. Deletion of Sema3d leads to parathyroid hyperplasia, causing PHPT. Therefore Sema3d may act as as a negative regulator of parathyroid growth.{{#pmid:30979723\|PMID30979723}}

			Human SEMA3D {{Chr7}}q21.11

			:'''Links:''' [https://www.omim.org/entry/609907 OMIM - SEMA3D]
	==Abnormalities==		==Abnormalities==

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	===Reviews===		===Reviews===

	{{#pmid:30390809}}		{{#pmid:30390809}}

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	===Articles===		===Articles===
	{{#pmid:32133431}}		{{#pmid:32133431}}

			{{#pmid:30979723}}

	{{#pmid:21203493}}		{{#pmid:21203493}}

	{{#pmid:17382312}}		{{#pmid:17382312}}

			{{#pmid:8378818}}
	===Search PubMed===		===Search PubMed===

Z8600021 at 15:13, 9 March 2020

2020-03-09T15:13:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:13, 10 March 2020
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	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parathyroid+Embryology ''Parathyroid Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=pharyngeal+pouch+Embryology ''pharyngeal pouch Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parathyroid+hormone ''Parathyroid hormone''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parathyroidectomy+in+Pregnancy ''Parathyroidectomy in Pregnancy''] \|		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parathyroid+Embryology ''Parathyroid Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=pharyngeal+pouch+Embryology ''pharyngeal pouch Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parathyroid+hormone ''Parathyroid hormone''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parathyroidectomy+in+Pregnancy ''Parathyroidectomy in Pregnancy''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hyperparathyroidism ''Hyperparathyroidism'']

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Z8600021 at 15:12, 9 March 2020

2020-03-09T15:12:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:12, 10 March 2020
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	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parathyroid+Embryology ''Parathyroid Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=pharyngeal+pouch+Embryology ''pharyngeal pouch Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parathyroid+hormone ''Parathyroid hormone'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parathyroid+Embryology ''Parathyroid Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=pharyngeal+pouch+Embryology ''pharyngeal pouch Embryology''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parathyroid+hormone ''Parathyroid hormone''] \| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Parathyroidectomy+in+Pregnancy ''Parathyroidectomy in Pregnancy''] \|


	\|}		\|}
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	{{#pmid:10912527}}		{{#pmid:10912527}}
	===Articles===		===Articles===
			{{#pmid:32133431}}

	{{#pmid:21203493}}		{{#pmid:21203493}}

Z8600021 at 22:14, 19 November 2019

2019-11-19T22:14:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:14, 20 November 2019
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	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
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			* '''{{Hox}} genes in the pharyngeal region: how Hoxa3 controls early embryonic development of the pharyngeal organs'''{{#pmid:30604847\|PMID30604847}} "The pharyngeal organs, namely the {{thyroid}}, {{thymus}}, {{parathyroid}}s, and ultimobranchial bodies, derive from the pharyngeal {{endoderm}} during embryonic development. The pharyngeal region is a segmented structure comprised of a series of reiterated structures: the pharyngeal arches on the exterior surface, the pharyngeal pouches on the interior, and a mesenchymal core. It is well known that {{Hox}} genes control spatial identity along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing vertebrate embryo, and nowhere is this is more evident than in the pharyngeal region. Each of the distinct segmented regions has a unique pattern of Hox expression, which conveys crucial positional information to the cells and tissues within it. In the context of pharyngeal organ development, molecular data suggest that HOXA3 is responsible for specifying organ identity within the third pharyngeal pouch, and in its absence, {{thymus}} and {{parathyroid}} organogenesis fails to proceed normally"

	* '''Tissue-specific roles for sonic hedgehog signaling in establishing thymus and parathyroid organ fate'''{{#pmid:27633995\|PMID27633995}} "The thymus and parathyroids develop from third pharyngeal pouch (3rd pp) endoderm. Our previous studies show that Shh null mice have smaller, aparathyroid primordia in which thymus fate specification extends into the pharynx. SHH signaling is active in both dorsal pouch endoderm and neighboring neural crest (NC) mesenchyme. It is unclear which target tissue of SHH signaling is required for the patterning defects in Shh mutants. Here, we used a genetic approach to ectopically activate or delete the SHH signal transducer Smo in either pp endoderm or NC mesenchyme. Although no manipulation recapitulated the Shh null phenotype, manipulation of SHH signaling in either the endoderm or NC mesenchyme had direct and indirect effects on both cell types during fate specification and organogenesis. SHH pathway activation throughout pouch endoderm activated ectopic Tbx1 expression and partially suppressed the thymus-specific transcription factor Foxn1, identifying Tbx1 as a key target of SHH signaling in the 3rd pp. However, ectopic SHH signaling was insufficient to expand the GCM2-positive parathyroid domain, indicating that multiple inputs, some of which might be independent of SHH signaling, are required for parathyroid fate specification. These data support a model in which SHH signaling plays both positive and negative roles in patterning and organogenesis of the thymus and parathyroids."		* '''Tissue-specific roles for sonic hedgehog signaling in establishing thymus and parathyroid organ fate'''{{#pmid:27633995\|PMID27633995}} "The thymus and parathyroids develop from third pharyngeal pouch (3rd pp) endoderm. Our previous studies show that Shh null mice have smaller, aparathyroid primordia in which thymus fate specification extends into the pharynx. SHH signaling is active in both dorsal pouch endoderm and neighboring neural crest (NC) mesenchyme. It is unclear which target tissue of SHH signaling is required for the patterning defects in Shh mutants. Here, we used a genetic approach to ectopically activate or delete the SHH signal transducer Smo in either pp endoderm or NC mesenchyme. Although no manipulation recapitulated the Shh null phenotype, manipulation of SHH signaling in either the endoderm or NC mesenchyme had direct and indirect effects on both cell types during fate specification and organogenesis. SHH pathway activation throughout pouch endoderm activated ectopic Tbx1 expression and partially suppressed the thymus-specific transcription factor Foxn1, identifying Tbx1 as a key target of SHH signaling in the 3rd pp. However, ectopic SHH signaling was insufficient to expand the GCM2-positive parathyroid domain, indicating that multiple inputs, some of which might be independent of SHH signaling, are required for parathyroid fate specification. These data support a model in which SHH signaling plays both positive and negative roles in patterning and organogenesis of the thymus and parathyroids."

Z8600021 at 13:21, 20 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-20T13:21:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:21, 20 Mayıs 2019
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	==Molecular==		==Molecular==

			===Sonic Hedgehog===
			Signalling by {{SHH}} has been shown to restrict the expression of Gcm2 and controls the position of the developing parathyroids.{{#pmid:21349263\|PMID21349263}}

			=== Glial Cells Missing===

	The transcription factor, Glial Cells Missing, Drosophila, Homolog Of, 2 (GCM2) is a key to parathyroid molecular development.{{#pmid:17382312\|PMID17382312}}{{#pmid:30390809\|PMID30390809}}		The transcription factor, Glial Cells Missing, Drosophila, Homolog Of, 2 (GCM2) is a key to parathyroid molecular development.{{#pmid:17382312\|PMID17382312}}{{#pmid:30390809\|PMID30390809}}

Z8600021 at 13:09, 20 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-20T13:09:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:09, 20 Mayıs 2019
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	==Molecular==		==Molecular==

	The transcription factor, Glial Cells Missing, Drosophila, Homolog Of, 2 (GCM2) is a key to parathyroid molecular development.{{#pmid:30390809\|PMID30390809}}		The transcription factor, Glial Cells Missing, Drosophila, Homolog Of, 2 (GCM2) is a key to parathyroid molecular development.{{#pmid:17382312\|PMID17382312}}{{#pmid:30390809\|PMID30390809}}

Z8600021 at 13:08, 20 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-20T13:08:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:08, 20 Mayıs 2019
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	{{#pmid:21203493}}		{{#pmid:21203493}}

			{{#pmid:17382312}}
	===Search PubMed===		===Search PubMed===

Z8600021 at 13:05, 20 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-20T13:05:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:05, 20 Mayıs 2019
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	{{#pmid:10912527}}		{{#pmid:10912527}}
	===Articles===		===Articles===
			{{#pmid:21203493}}

	===Search PubMed===		===Search PubMed===

Z8600021 at 13:03, 20 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-20T13:03:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:03, 20 Mayıs 2019
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	* chondrocyte differentiation{{#pmid:19076361\|PMID19076361}}		* chondrocyte differentiation{{#pmid:19076361\|PMID19076361}}

			==Molecular==

			The transcription factor, Glial Cells Missing, Drosophila, Homolog Of, 2 (GCM2) is a key to parathyroid molecular development.{{#pmid:30390809\|PMID30390809}}



			:'''Links:''' [https://www.omim.org/entry/603716 OMIM GCM2]

	==Abnormalities==		==Abnormalities==

Z8600021 at 12:57, 20 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-20T12:57:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:57, 20 Mayıs 2019
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	===Reviews===		===Reviews===
			{{#pmid:30390809}}

	{{#pmid:18660669}}		{{#pmid:18660669}}