Developmental Mechanism - Axes Formation - Revision history

Z8600021 at 03:04, 18 Ocak 2019

2019-01-18T03:04:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 18 Ocak 2019
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	===Reviews===		===Reviews===
			{{#pmid:30061679}}

	Embryonic Axes: The Long and Short of It in the Mouse		Embryonic Axes: The Long and Short of It in the Mouse
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	===Articles===		===Articles===

			{{#pmid:30324595}}

			{{#pmid:29158323}}

	Dynamics of anterior–posterior axis formation in the developing mouse embryo		Dynamics of anterior–posterior axis formation in the developing mouse embryo

Z8600021 at 02:47, 18 Ocak 2019

2019-01-18T02:47:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:47, 18 Ocak 2019
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	* {{Dorso-ventral axis}} - first break in embryonic symmetry
	* {{Rostro-caudal axis}} - superior-inferior axis
	* {{Left-right axis}} - {{Nodal}} induces its own expression and that of Lefty, a Nodal feedback inhibitor with a longer diffusion range.		* {{Left-right axis}} - {{Nodal}} induces its own expression and that of Lefty, a Nodal feedback inhibitor with a longer diffusion range.
			* '''{{Rostro-caudal axis}}''' - (Anteroposterior, Craniocaudal, Cephalocaudal) from the head end to opposite end of body or tail.
			* '''{{Dorso-ventral axis}}''' - from the spinal column (back) to belly (front).
			* '''Proximodistal''' - {{limb axis}} from the tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal).

Z8600021 at 02:03, 18 Ocak 2019

2019-01-18T02:03:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:03, 18 Ocak 2019
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	* {{~~Dorsal~~-ventral axis}} first break in embryonic symmetry		* {{Dorso-ventral axis}} - first break in embryonic symmetry
	* {{Rostro-caudal axis}} superior-inferior axis		* {{Rostro-caudal axis}} - superior-inferior axis
	* {{Left-right axis}} - Nodal induces its own expression and that of Lefty, a Nodal feedback inhibitor with a longer diffusion range.		* {{Left-right axis}} - {{Nodal}} induces its own expression and that of Lefty, a Nodal feedback inhibitor with a longer diffusion range.

Z8600021 at 02:03, 18 Ocak 2019

2019-01-18T02:03:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:03, 18 Ocak 2019
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	\| [[File:Human-anatomical-planes.jpg\|300px\|alt=Human-anatomical-planes]]		\| [[File:Human-anatomical-planes.jpg\|300px\|alt=Human-anatomical-planes]]
	\|}		\|}
			Note there is some confusion arising in the terminology when comparing animal developmental axes and those of human anatomical axes.

			<center>'''''Axes''' - "the plural of Axis".''</center>

	~~[[File:Stage11_sem6.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|alt=Axes\|Axes]]~~

	How do you establish the anatomical axes of the embryo? Another well studied model of axis patterning is the establishment of limb axes, in particular this system historically was studied by grafting and rotating parts of the early developing limb.		How do you establish the anatomical axes of the embryo? Another well studied model of axis patterning is the establishment of limb axes, in particular this system historically was studied by grafting and rotating parts of the early developing limb.

	~~Note there is some confusion arising in the terminology when comparing animal developmental axes and those of human anatomical axes.~~

	* ~~[[Developmental Mechanism -~~ Dorsal-~~Ventral Axis]]~~ first break in embryonic symmetry		* {{Dorsal-ventral axis}} first break in embryonic symmetry
	* ~~[[Developmental Mechanism -~~ Rostro-~~Caudal Axis]]~~ superior-inferior axis		* {{Rostro-caudal axis}} superior-inferior axis
	* {{Left-right axis}} - Nodal induces its own expression and that of Lefty, a Nodal feedback inhibitor with a longer diffusion range.		* {{Left-right axis}} - Nodal induces its own expression and that of Lefty, a Nodal feedback inhibitor with a longer diffusion range.


	~~<center>'''''Axes''' - "the plural of Axis".''</center>~~


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	{{Factor Links}}		{{Factor Links}}
	== Some Recent Findings ==		== Some Recent Findings ==
			[[File:Stage11_sem6.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|alt=Axes\|Axes]]
	{\|		{\|
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"

Z8600021 at 02:01, 18 Ocak 2019

2019-01-18T02:01:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:01, 18 Ocak 2019
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	{{Header}}		{{Header}}
	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
	[[File:Anatomical_axes_comparison.jpg\|300px~~\|thumb~~\|alt=Anatomical axes comparison\|~~Anatomical axes comparison~~]]		{\|
			! Anatomical axes comparison
			! Human-anatomical-planes
			\|-
			\| [[File:Anatomical_axes_comparison.jpg\|300px\|alt=Anatomical axes comparison]]
			\| [[File:Human-anatomical-planes.jpg\|300px\|alt=Human-anatomical-planes]]
			\|}

	[[File:Stage11_sem6.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|alt=Axes\|Axes]]		[[File:Stage11_sem6.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|alt=Axes\|Axes]]

Z8600021 at 01:32, 18 Ocak 2019

2019-01-18T01:32:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:32, 18 Ocak 2019
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	* [[Developmental Mechanism - Dorsal-Ventral Axis]] first break in embryonic symmetry		* [[Developmental Mechanism - Dorsal-Ventral Axis]] first break in embryonic symmetry
	* [[Developmental Mechanism - Rostro-Caudal Axis]] superior-inferior axis		* [[Developmental Mechanism - Rostro-Caudal Axis]] superior-inferior axis
	* ~~[[Developmental Mechanism~~ - ~~Left~~-~~Right Axis]]~~ Nodal induces its own expression and that of Lefty, a Nodal feedback inhibitor with a longer diffusion range.		* {{Left-right axis}} - Nodal induces its own expression and that of Lefty, a Nodal feedback inhibitor with a longer diffusion range.


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	~~[[Developmental_Mechanism_-_Axes_Formation\|~~Axes Formation]]: [[Developmental Mechanism - Dorsal-Ventral Axis\|Dorsal-Ventral Axis]] \| [[Developmental Mechanism - Cranio-Caudal Axis\|Cranio-Caudal Axis]] \| [[Developmental Mechanism - Left-Right Axis\|Left-Right Axis]]		{{Axes Links}}
			<br>
	{{Mechanism Links}}		{{Mechanism Links}}
	<br>		<br>

Z8600021 at 01:26, 18 Ocak 2019

2019-01-18T01:26:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:26, 18 Ocak 2019
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	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|
	* '''Zebrafish znfl1s regulate left-right asymmetry patterning through controlling the expression of fgfr1a'''{{#pmid:30317609\|PMID30317609}} "Proper left-right (LR) axis establishment is critical for organogenesis in vertebrates. Previously, we reported that zinc finger transcription factors zinc finger transcription factor 1 (znfl1s) are expressed in the tailbud and axial mesoderm in zebrafish. However, a role of znfl1s in LR axis development has not been demonstrated. Here, we discovered that the knockdown of znfl1s using morpholino (MO) in whole embryos or dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) interrupted LR asymmetry and normal development of the heart, liver, and pancreas. Whole-embryo knockdown of znfl1s by MO or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) interference (CRISPRi) resulted in the absent expression of nodal gene spaw and Nodal signaling-related genes lft1, lft2, and pitx2c in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), and Spaw, Lft1, Lft2, and Pitx2c play important roles in LR axis development in zebrafish. However, specific knockdown of znfl1s in DFCs resulted in random expression of spaw, lft1, lft2, and pitx2c. Knockdown of znfl1s led to abnormal cilia formation by the downregulation of fgfr1a and foxj1a expression. The expression of spaw, lft1, lft2, and pitx2c was partially rescued by the overexpression of fgfr1a mRNA in znfl1s morphants. Taken together, our results suggest that znfl1s regulate laterality development in zebrafish embryos through controlling the expression of fgfr1a."		* '''{{Zebrafish}} znfl1s regulate left-right asymmetry patterning through controlling the expression of fgfr1a'''{{#pmid:30317609\|PMID30317609}} "Proper left-right (LR) axis establishment is critical for organogenesis in vertebrates. Previously, we reported that zinc finger transcription factors zinc finger transcription factor 1 (znfl1s) are expressed in the tailbud and axial mesoderm in zebrafish. However, a role of znfl1s in LR axis development has not been demonstrated. Here, we discovered that the knockdown of znfl1s using morpholino (MO) in whole embryos or dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) interrupted LR asymmetry and normal development of the heart, liver, and pancreas. Whole-embryo knockdown of znfl1s by MO or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) interference (CRISPRi) resulted in the absent expression of nodal gene spaw and Nodal signaling-related genes lft1, lft2, and pitx2c in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), and Spaw, Lft1, Lft2, and Pitx2c play important roles in LR axis development in zebrafish. However, specific knockdown of znfl1s in DFCs resulted in random expression of spaw, lft1, lft2, and pitx2c. Knockdown of znfl1s led to abnormal cilia formation by the downregulation of fgfr1a and foxj1a expression. The expression of spaw, lft1, lft2, and pitx2c was partially rescued by the overexpression of fgfr1a mRNA in znfl1s morphants. Taken together, our results suggest that znfl1s regulate laterality development in zebrafish embryos through controlling the expression of fgfr1a."

	* '''Nodal signalling determines biradial asymmetry in Hydra'''{{#pmid:25156256\|PMID25156256}} "In bilaterians, three orthogonal body axes define the animal form, with distinct anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral and left-right asymmetries. The key signalling factors are Wnt family proteins for the anterior-posterior axis, Bmp family proteins for the dorsal-ventral axis and Nodal for the left-right axis. Cnidarians, the sister group to bilaterians, are characterized by one oral-aboral body axis, which exhibits a distinct biradiality of unknown molecular nature. ...Reminiscent of its function in vertebrates, Nodal acts downstream of β-Catenin signalling. Our data support an evolutionary scenario in which a 'core-signalling cassette' consisting of β-Catenin, Nodal and Pitx pre-dated the cnidarian-bilaterian split. We presume that this cassette was co-opted for various modes of axial patterning: for example, for lateral branching in cnidarians and left-right patterning in bilaterians."		* '''Nodal signalling determines biradial asymmetry in Hydra'''{{#pmid:25156256\|PMID25156256}} "In bilaterians, three orthogonal body axes define the animal form, with distinct anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral and left-right asymmetries. The key signalling factors are Wnt family proteins for the anterior-posterior axis, Bmp family proteins for the dorsal-ventral axis and Nodal for the left-right axis. Cnidarians, the sister group to bilaterians, are characterized by one oral-aboral body axis, which exhibits a distinct biradiality of unknown molecular nature. ...Reminiscent of its function in vertebrates, Nodal acts downstream of β-Catenin signalling. Our data support an evolutionary scenario in which a 'core-signalling cassette' consisting of β-Catenin, Nodal and Pitx pre-dated the cnidarian-bilaterian split. We presume that this cassette was co-opted for various modes of axial patterning: for example, for lateral branching in cnidarians and left-right patterning in bilaterians."

Z8600021 at 01:25, 18 Ocak 2019

2019-01-18T01:25:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:25, 18 Ocak 2019
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	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|
	* '''Nodal signalling determines biradial asymmetry in Hydra'''~~<ref name=~~PMID25156256~~><pubmed>25156256</pubmed></ref>~~ "In bilaterians, three orthogonal body axes define the animal form, with distinct anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral and left-right asymmetries. The key signalling factors are Wnt family proteins for the anterior-posterior axis, Bmp family proteins for the dorsal-ventral axis and Nodal for the left-right axis. Cnidarians, the sister group to bilaterians, are characterized by one oral-aboral body axis, which exhibits a distinct biradiality of unknown molecular nature. ...Reminiscent of its function in vertebrates, Nodal acts downstream of β-Catenin signalling. Our data support an evolutionary scenario in which a 'core-signalling cassette' consisting of β-Catenin, Nodal and Pitx pre-dated the cnidarian-bilaterian split. We presume that this cassette was co-opted for various modes of axial patterning: for example, for lateral branching in cnidarians and left-right patterning in bilaterians."		* '''Zebrafish znfl1s regulate left-right asymmetry patterning through controlling the expression of fgfr1a'''{{#pmid:30317609\|PMID30317609}} "Proper left-right (LR) axis establishment is critical for organogenesis in vertebrates. Previously, we reported that zinc finger transcription factors zinc finger transcription factor 1 (znfl1s) are expressed in the tailbud and axial mesoderm in zebrafish. However, a role of znfl1s in LR axis development has not been demonstrated. Here, we discovered that the knockdown of znfl1s using morpholino (MO) in whole embryos or dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) interrupted LR asymmetry and normal development of the heart, liver, and pancreas. Whole-embryo knockdown of znfl1s by MO or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) interference (CRISPRi) resulted in the absent expression of nodal gene spaw and Nodal signaling-related genes lft1, lft2, and pitx2c in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), and Spaw, Lft1, Lft2, and Pitx2c play important roles in LR axis development in zebrafish. However, specific knockdown of znfl1s in DFCs resulted in random expression of spaw, lft1, lft2, and pitx2c. Knockdown of znfl1s led to abnormal cilia formation by the downregulation of fgfr1a and foxj1a expression. The expression of spaw, lft1, lft2, and pitx2c was partially rescued by the overexpression of fgfr1a mRNA in znfl1s morphants. Taken together, our results suggest that znfl1s regulate laterality development in zebrafish embryos through controlling the expression of fgfr1a."

			* '''Nodal signalling determines biradial asymmetry in Hydra'''{{#pmid:25156256\|PMID25156256}} "In bilaterians, three orthogonal body axes define the animal form, with distinct anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral and left-right asymmetries. The key signalling factors are Wnt family proteins for the anterior-posterior axis, Bmp family proteins for the dorsal-ventral axis and Nodal for the left-right axis. Cnidarians, the sister group to bilaterians, are characterized by one oral-aboral body axis, which exhibits a distinct biradiality of unknown molecular nature. ...Reminiscent of its function in vertebrates, Nodal acts downstream of β-Catenin signalling. Our data support an evolutionary scenario in which a 'core-signalling cassette' consisting of β-Catenin, Nodal and Pitx pre-dated the cnidarian-bilaterian split. We presume that this cassette was co-opted for various modes of axial patterning: for example, for lateral branching in cnidarians and left-right patterning in bilaterians."
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Axes+Formation ''Axes Formation'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Axes+Formation ''Axes Formation'']

	~~<pubmed limit=5>Axes Formation</pubmed>~~
	\|}		\|}

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	\|-		\|-
	\| Primitive node cilia (human [[Carnegie stage 8\|stage 8]])		\| Primitive node cilia (human [[Carnegie stage 8\|stage 8]])
	\| Embryo left-right asymmetry pathway~~<ref name="PMID23256866"><pubmed>~~23256866~~</pubmed>~~\| ~~[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/10/102 BMC Biology]~~</ref>		\| Embryo left-right asymmetry pathway{{#pmid:23256866\|PMID23256866}}</ref>
	\|}		\|}

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	===Reviews===		===Reviews===
	~~<pubmed></pubmed>~~


	Embryonic Axes: The Long and Short of It in the Mouse		Embryonic Axes: The Long and Short of It in the Mouse
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	{{External Links}}		{{External Links}}


	~~----~~

	{{Mechanism Links}}		{{Mechanism Links}}
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	{{Footer}}		{{Footer}}

	[[Category:Developmental Mechanism]]		[[Category:Developmental Mechanism]]

Z8600021 at 01:27, 9 August 2017

2017-08-09T01:27:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:27, 9 August 2017
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	{{Mechanism Links}}		{{Mechanism Links}}
			<br>
	{{Factor Links}}		{{Factor Links}}
	== Some Recent Findings ==		== Some Recent Findings ==

Z8600021 at 01:26, 9 August 2017

2017-08-09T01:26:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:26, 9 August 2017
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	{{Mechanism Links}}		{{Mechanism Links}}

			{{Factor Links}}
	== Some Recent Findings ==		== Some Recent Findings ==
	{\|		{\|
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	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
	! More recent papers		! More recent papers
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}		\| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg\|90px\|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}