Developmental Mechanism - Apoptosis - Revision history

Z8600021 at 03:55, 7 December 2020

2020-12-07T03:55:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:55, 7 December 2020
Line 72:		Line 72:
	\|}		\|}

	===Bone ~~development~~===		===Bone Development===
	During ossification removing chondrocytes.		During ossification removing chondrocytes.

Line 81:		Line 81:
	Removing excess or inappropriately connected neurons.		Removing excess or inappropriately connected neurons.

			* '''Migratory {{Neural crest}} Cells Phagocytose Dead Cells in the Developing Nervous System{'''{#pmid:31495570\|PMID31495570}} "During {{neural tube}} closure and spinal cord development, many cells die in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively). However, myeloid-derived professional phagocytes have not yet colonized the trunk region during early neurogenesis. How apoptotic cells are removed from this region during these stages remains largely unknown. Using live imaging in zebrafish, we demonstrate that neural crest cells (NCCs) respond rapidly to dying cells and phagocytose cellular debris around the neural tube. Additionally, NCCs have the ability to enter the CNS through motor exit point transition zones and clear debris in the spinal cord. Surprisingly, NCCs phagocytosis mechanistically resembles macrophage phagocytosis and their recruitment toward cellular debris is mediated by interleukin-1β. Taken together, our results reveal a role for NCCs in phagocytosis of debris in the developing nervous system before the presence of professional phagocytes."

	:'''Links:''' {{neural}}		:'''Links:''' {{neural}}

Z8600021 at 03:54, 7 December 2020

2020-12-07T03:54:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:54, 7 December 2020
Line 19:		Line 19:
	\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"		\|-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
	\|		\|
			* '''Migratory {{Neural crest}} Cells Phagocytose Dead Cells in the Developing Nervous System{'''{#pmid:31495570\|PMID31495570}} "During {{neural tube}} closure and spinal cord development, many cells die in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively). However, myeloid-derived professional phagocytes have not yet colonized the trunk region during early neurogenesis. How apoptotic cells are removed from this region during these stages remains largely unknown. Using live imaging in zebrafish, we demonstrate that neural crest cells (NCCs) respond rapidly to dying cells and phagocytose cellular debris around the neural tube. Additionally, NCCs have the ability to enter the CNS through motor exit point transition zones and clear debris in the spinal cord. Surprisingly, NCCs phagocytosis mechanistically resembles macrophage phagocytosis and their recruitment toward cellular debris is mediated by interleukin-1β. Taken together, our results reveal a role for NCCs in phagocytosis of debris in the developing nervous system before the presence of professional phagocytes."

	* '''Caspases and matrix metalloproteases facilitate collective behavior of non-neural ectoderm after hindbrain neuropore closure'''{{#pmid:30064364\|PMID30064364}} "Mammalian brain is formed through neural tube closure (NTC), wherein both ridges of opposing neural folds are fused in the midline and remodeled in the roof plate of the neural tube and overlying non-neural ectodermal layer. Apoptosis is widely observed from the beginning of NTC at the neural ridges and is crucial for the proper progression of NTC, but its role after the closure remains less clear. RESULTS: Here, we conducted live-imaging analysis of the mid-hindbrain neuropore (MHNP) closure and revealed unexpected collective behavior of cells surrounding the MHNP. The cells first gathered to the closing point and subsequently relocated as if they were released from the point. Inhibition of caspases or matrix metalloproteases with chemical inhibitors impaired the cell relocation. CONCLUSIONS: These lines of evidence suggest that apoptosis-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix might facilitate the final process of neuropore closure."		* '''Caspases and matrix metalloproteases facilitate collective behavior of non-neural ectoderm after hindbrain neuropore closure'''{{#pmid:30064364\|PMID30064364}} "Mammalian brain is formed through neural tube closure (NTC), wherein both ridges of opposing neural folds are fused in the midline and remodeled in the roof plate of the neural tube and overlying non-neural ectodermal layer. Apoptosis is widely observed from the beginning of NTC at the neural ridges and is crucial for the proper progression of NTC, but its role after the closure remains less clear. RESULTS: Here, we conducted live-imaging analysis of the mid-hindbrain neuropore (MHNP) closure and revealed unexpected collective behavior of cells surrounding the MHNP. The cells first gathered to the closing point and subsequently relocated as if they were released from the point. Inhibition of caspases or matrix metalloproteases with chemical inhibitors impaired the cell relocation. CONCLUSIONS: These lines of evidence suggest that apoptosis-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix might facilitate the final process of neuropore closure."

Z8600021 at 00:26, 13 September 2020

2020-09-13T00:26:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:26, 13 September 2020
Line 276:		Line 276:

	===Reviews===		===Reviews===
			{{#pmid:29694961}}

			{{#pmid:27798841}}

			{{#pmid:26443630}}

			{{#pmid:17629474}}

			{{#pmid:14630991}}

	===Articles===		===Articles===

Z8600021 at 00:21, 13 September 2020

2020-09-13T00:21:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:21, 13 September 2020
Line 4:		Line 4:
	This single term "apoptosis" describes the way in which the majority of cells die within our adult body are removed every day, "Programmed Cell Death". In development, apoptosis begins in the early blastocyst and is a developmental mechanism found throughout tissues in the embryo and fetus developmental stages. In addition to the many developmental roles this process is used in multicellular organisms to remove cells that are: aged, superfluous, infected, contain genetic errors or are transformed.		This single term "apoptosis" describes the way in which the majority of cells die within our adult body are removed every day, "Programmed Cell Death". In development, apoptosis begins in the early blastocyst and is a developmental mechanism found throughout tissues in the embryo and fetus developmental stages. In addition to the many developmental roles this process is used in multicellular organisms to remove cells that are: aged, superfluous, infected, contain genetic errors or are transformed.

	While the cellular morphological changes associated with this process are the same in all cells, there are many different signaling pathways that can "trigger" this process. They fall generally into two signalling classes either intrinsic or extrinsic to the cell. To describe "programmed cell death" as '''''apoptosis''''' was originally used in 1972 by Kerr, Wyllie and Currie.{{#pmid:~~45610271~~\|~~PMID45610271~~}}		While the cellular morphological changes associated with this process are the same in all cells, there are many different signaling pathways that can "trigger" this process. They fall generally into two signalling classes either intrinsic or extrinsic to the cell. To describe "programmed cell death" as '''''apoptosis''''' was originally used in 1972 by Kerr, Wyllie and Currie.{{#pmid:4561027\|PMID4561027}}

Z8600021 at 00:19, 13 September 2020

2020-09-13T00:19:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:19, 13 September 2020
Line 4:		Line 4:
	This single term "apoptosis" describes the way in which the majority of cells die within our adult body are removed every day, "Programmed Cell Death". In development, apoptosis begins in the early blastocyst and is a developmental mechanism found throughout tissues in the embryo and fetus developmental stages. In addition to the many developmental roles this process is used in multicellular organisms to remove cells that are: aged, superfluous, infected, contain genetic errors or are transformed.		This single term "apoptosis" describes the way in which the majority of cells die within our adult body are removed every day, "Programmed Cell Death". In development, apoptosis begins in the early blastocyst and is a developmental mechanism found throughout tissues in the embryo and fetus developmental stages. In addition to the many developmental roles this process is used in multicellular organisms to remove cells that are: aged, superfluous, infected, contain genetic errors or are transformed.

	While the cellular morphological changes associated with this process are the same in all cells, there are many different signaling pathways that can "trigger" this process. They fall generally into two signalling classes either intrinsic or extrinsic to the cell. To describe "programmed cell death" as '''''apoptosis''''' was originally used in 1972 by Kerr, Wyllie and Currie.{{#pmid:45610271\|~~PMID4561027~~}}		While the cellular morphological changes associated with this process are the same in all cells, there are many different signaling pathways that can "trigger" this process. They fall generally into two signalling classes either intrinsic or extrinsic to the cell. To describe "programmed cell death" as '''''apoptosis''''' was originally used in 1972 by Kerr, Wyllie and Currie.{{#pmid:45610271\|PMID45610271}}


Line 29:		Line 29:

	Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Development+Apoptosis ''Development Apoptosis'']		Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Development+Apoptosis ''Development Apoptosis'']

	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"		{\| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

Z8600021 at 03:14, 1 Haziran 2019

2019-06-01T03:14:30Z

@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 :'''Links:''' {{mammary gland}}
 ==Worm Development==
@@ Line 125: / Line 139: @@
 :'''Links:''' [[Worm Development]] | [http://www.wormatlas.org/celllineages.html Worm Atlas - Cell Lineages]
 == Nobel Prize 2002 ==

Z8600021 at 00:38, 26 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-26T00:38:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:38, 26 Mayıs 2019
Line 227:		Line 227:
	==Necrosis==		==Necrosis==
	[[File:Apoptosis and necrosis.jpg\|thumb\|Neural apoptosis and necrosis]]		[[File:Apoptosis and necrosis.jpg\|thumb\|Neural apoptosis and necrosis]]
	Necrosis (Greek, <em>nekros</em> = corpse) is '''not a form of developmental cell death''', but a pathological cell death from extrinsic injury (tissue damage) and is irreversible. Necrosis is induced by tumor necrosis factor, double-stranded RNA, {{viral}} infection or {{bacterial}} toxins.		Necrosis (Greek, <em>nekros</em> = corpse) is '''not a form of developmental cell death''', but a pathological cell death from extrinsic injury (tissue damage) and is irreversible. Necrosis is induced by tumor necrosis factor, double-stranded RNA, {{viral}} infection or {{bacterial infection}} toxins.

	In the early stages, cell and organelles (mitochondria) swell (oncosis) (Greek, onkos = 'swelling') previously described as a separate form of cell death. This is due to disruption of plasma membrane leading to cell contents leak out leading to inflammation and necrosis.		In the early stages, cell and organelles (mitochondria) swell (oncosis) (Greek, onkos = 'swelling') previously described as a separate form of cell death. This is due to disruption of plasma membrane leading to cell contents leak out leading to inflammation and necrosis.

Z8600021 at 00:37, 26 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-26T00:37:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:37, 26 Mayıs 2019
Line 227:		Line 227:
	==Necrosis==		==Necrosis==
	[[File:Apoptosis and necrosis.jpg\|thumb\|Neural apoptosis and necrosis]]		[[File:Apoptosis and necrosis.jpg\|thumb\|Neural apoptosis and necrosis]]
	Necrosis (Greek, <em>nekros</em> = corpse) is '''not a form of developmental cell death''', but a pathological cell death from extrinsic injury (tissue damage) and is irreversible. Necrosis is induced by tumor necrosis factor, double-stranded RNA, {{viral}} infection or {{~~bacteria~~}}l toxins.		Necrosis (Greek, <em>nekros</em> = corpse) is '''not a form of developmental cell death''', but a pathological cell death from extrinsic injury (tissue damage) and is irreversible. Necrosis is induced by tumor necrosis factor, double-stranded RNA, {{viral}} infection or {{bacterial}} toxins.

	In the early stages, cell and organelles (mitochondria) swell (oncosis) (Greek, onkos = 'swelling') previously described as a separate form of cell death. This is due to disruption of plasma membrane leading to cell contents leak out leading to inflammation and necrosis.		In the early stages, cell and organelles (mitochondria) swell (oncosis) (Greek, onkos = 'swelling') previously described as a separate form of cell death. This is due to disruption of plasma membrane leading to cell contents leak out leading to inflammation and necrosis.

Z8600021 at 00:36, 26 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-26T00:36:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:36, 26 Mayıs 2019
Line 226:		Line 226:

	==Necrosis==		==Necrosis==
	[[~~File:~~File:Apoptosis and necrosis.jpg\|thumb\|]]		[[File:Apoptosis and necrosis.jpg\|thumb\|Neural apoptosis and necrosis]]
	Necrosis (Greek, <em>nekros</em> = corpse) is '''not a form of developmental cell death''', but a pathological cell death from extrinsic injury (tissue damage) and is irreversible. Necrosis is induced by tumor necrosis factor, double-stranded RNA, {{viral{{ infection or {{bacteria}}l toxins.		Necrosis (Greek, <em>nekros</em> = corpse) is '''not a form of developmental cell death''', but a pathological cell death from extrinsic injury (tissue damage) and is irreversible. Necrosis is induced by tumor necrosis factor, double-stranded RNA, {{viral}} infection or {{bacteria}}l toxins.

	In the early stages, cell and organelles (mitochondria) swell (oncosis) (Greek, onkos = 'swelling') previously described as a separate form of cell death. This is due to disruption of plasma membrane leading to cell contents leak out leading to inflammation and necrosis.		In the early stages, cell and organelles (mitochondria) swell (oncosis) (Greek, onkos = 'swelling') previously described as a separate form of cell death. This is due to disruption of plasma membrane leading to cell contents leak out leading to inflammation and necrosis.

Z8600021 at 00:35, 26 Mayıs 2019

2019-05-26T00:35:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:35, 26 Mayıs 2019
Line 226:		Line 226:

	==Necrosis==		==Necrosis==
	[[File:~~Neuron~~ necrosis ~~apoptosis~~.jpg]]		[[File:File:Apoptosis and necrosis.jpg\|thumb\|]]
	Necrosis (Greek, <em>nekros</em> = corpse) is '''not~~'''~~ a form of developmental cell death, but a pathological cell death from extrinsic injury (tissue damage) and is irreversible. Necrosis is induced by tumor necrosis factor, double-stranded RNA, viral infection or ~~bacterial~~ toxins.		Necrosis (Greek, <em>nekros</em> = corpse) is '''not a form of developmental cell death''', but a pathological cell death from extrinsic injury (tissue damage) and is irreversible. Necrosis is induced by tumor necrosis factor, double-stranded RNA, {{viral{{ infection or {{bacteria}}l toxins.

	In the early stages, cell and organelles (mitochondria) swell (oncosis) (Greek, onkos = 'swelling') previously described as a separate form of cell death. This is due to disruption of plasma membrane leading to cell contents leak out leading to inflammation and necrosis.		In the early stages, cell and organelles (mitochondria) swell (oncosis) (Greek, onkos = 'swelling') previously described as a separate form of cell death. This is due to disruption of plasma membrane leading to cell contents leak out leading to inflammation and necrosis.